交联改性壳聚糖在棉织物活性染料染色中的应用

采用交联改性降解壳聚糖对棉织物进行接枝改性,考察壳聚糖接枝改性对棉织物雷马素活性染料染色性能的影响.结果表明:棉织物经壳聚糖改性后,增加了织物表面对染料阴离子的亲和力和固着力,上染率和K/S值都有所提升,其固色率也有很大提高,均达80%以上;经雷马素红RR和雷马素黄RR染色后,改性棉织物的干、湿摩擦牢度和耐皂洗褪色同未改性棉织物一样,分别为4、3~4和4级,耐皂洗沾色降低半级,为3~4级.用雷马素蓝RR染色后,改性棉织物干摩擦牢度提高半级,达4级,湿摩擦牢度和耐皂洗等级同未改性棉织物一样,分别为3~4和4级.     

乙醇-水体系中活性染料无盐低碱染色技术的探索

采用活性染料在乙醇-水混合溶剂体系中对棉织物进行染色、固色,探讨了碱预溶胀和一浴两步法两种染色方式及固色碱的种类、浓度、固色温度等对染色性能的影响,并与传统染色工艺比较。结果表明：在乙醇-水染色体系中,随着乙醇比例的增加,上染率增加;使用氢氧化钠和碳酸钠两种碱预溶胀棉织物后,相同浓度下,碳酸钠的固色率高于氢氧化钠,而且氢氧化钠的固色率随着浓度的增加而减小;一浴二步法染色中,采用80%体积分数的乙醇-水体系染色更符合实际生产的需求,氢氧化钠的适宜固色浓度为2g/L,碳酸钠的适宜固色浓度为3g/L;在乙醇水体系染色中,不需加盐,碱使用量为常规染色的1/10时,上染率为97%,固色率比常规染色高出9%~20%。     

锦棉纤维活性染料同浴染色初探

采用活性染料对锦棉织物一浴两步法染色,固定第一步的活性染料对棉织物的染色工艺,探究第二步锦纶染色阶段温度、染液p H值、锦纶染色时长对同色性的影响以及锦棉织物比例对同色性的影响。实验结果表明:随着锦纶染色阶段温度的升高,活性染料对锦纶的上染率提高;降低染液p H值,活性染料对锦纶的上染率提高,色差降低,同色性有改善;不同锦纶阶段染色时间和不同比例的锦棉织物对同色性也有影响。     

活性染料的活性基结构对细旦锦纶的染色性能研究

研究了四种不同双活性基结构的活性染料对细旦锦纶的染色性能,讨论了上染pH值、固色温度、固色加碱的pH值对染料上染性能的影响。得出适于超细锦纶织物双活性基结构的活性染料的染色工艺条件,结果表明,四种染料除双均三嗪型外均在中温固色时有较高的上染率和固色率,双乙烯砜型和溴代丙烯酰胺型活性染料适于超细锦纶染色。并且四种活性基结构的活性染料染色的细旦锦纶织物具有优异的皂洗牢度、汗渍牢度和摩擦牢度。     

棉织物活性染料冷轧堆染色工艺探讨

本文针对活性染料对棉织物的冷轧堆染色工艺进行了探讨。在探讨单因素影响染色效果的基础上,利用正交试验法确定了棉织物活性染料冷轧堆染色的优化工艺。与传统染色工艺进行对比的结果表明,活性染料冷轧堆染色具有设备简单、浴比小、固色率高、色差小、能耗低等优点,值得应用。     

基于萘酰亚胺母体的棉用荧光活性染料的合成及其应用性能研究

本文以萘酰亚胺为荧光母体,设计并合成出3支水溶性的荧光活性染料,并通过红外和核磁共振谱对其结构进行表征。研究了3支染料在棉织物上的上染率、固色率、提升力以及荧光反射率曲线,并讨论了染料结构与性能之间的关系。结果表明:3支染料的上染率、固色率以及提升力都有较好,并且染色织物具有良好的各项牢度性能。     

双官能团活性染料对羊毛纤维染色工艺的探讨

采用双官能团活性染料(毛用活性染料和棉用活性染料)对羊毛纤维进行染色,探讨了固色pH值、固色时间和固色温度对染色效果的影响。结果表明:双乙烯砜型棉用活性染料对羊毛纤维的染色过程和染色效果与毛用活性染料相近,在其最佳染色工艺条件下可以代替毛用活性染料。其最佳染色工艺为:pH=3～4,40℃下入染,固色条件为pH=6～7,95℃下保温染色90分钟;双官能团棉用活性染料上染羊毛纤维的过程中,亲核加成反应占主导地位。     

一种高分子季铵盐活性染料的合成

本文以聚乙烯亚胺为高分子骨架,通过与活性嫩黄X-RG反应,制备了一种高分子活性染料,然后再对所得染料进行季铵化改性,最终得到一种新型高分子阳离子活性染料。对该染料的耐溶剂性、酸碱性和溶解度等性能进行了测试,采用红外光谱对合成的高分子阳离子活性染料的结构进行了表征。在无盐染色条件下对棉织物进行浸染,上染率90%,固色率在...     

有机盐复配促进棉织物活性染色

采用环境友好的柠檬酸钾与甲酸钠复配有机盐替代无机盐,促进棉织物活性染料染色,通过上染率和固色率等指标,对棉织物的染色效果以及有机复配盐最佳配比进行了研究。研究结果表明：在相同浓度下,有机复配盐的促染效果优于无机盐,相互之间还具有协同作用,而且在不同浓度下有不同的最佳复配比例,30、60、90 g/L最佳复配比柠檬酸钾：甲酸钠为6:4,120 g/L时为8:2。最佳染色工艺条件为温度60℃、时间50 min、碱用量15 g/L、浴比1:20。     

新型可交联染料制备技术

一、产品和技术简介:活性染料与纤维成化学键结合,因此染色纤维具有很好的湿处理牢度。然而常规单活性基活性染料棉纤维最终固色率通常为50%-60%,双活性基团活性染料最终固色率通常不超过80%。未上染纤维     

双一氟三嗪活性染料的染色方法与染色性能

合成了一支含双一氟三嗪活性基团的活性染料并应用于棉纤维的染色。详细考察了染色温度、固色温度、加碱量以及加盐量对其染色结果的影响。结果表明,在染色温度90℃,Na2SO4用量70g/L,固色温度40～60℃,碱量（Na2CO3）0～3 g/L时染料的固色率可以达到87%。与同结构的含双一氯均三嗪活性染料相比,含氟活性染料的固色率提高13.5%。该染料具有较好的各项牢度性能。     

Application of polycarboxylic acid sodium salt in the dyeing of cotton fabric with reactive dyes

In this study, the effects of polycarboxylic acid sodium salt on the dyeing of cotton with reactive dyes were evaluated by measuring and comparing the K/S values and dyeing fastnesses of the dyed cotton fabric samples. Results showed that the K/S value and dyeing fastness of cotton fabrics dyed with polycarboxylic acid sodium salt, substituting inorganic salts as exhausting agent were close to that of with sodium chloride when dip‐dyeing process was used. While, in pad‐dry dyeing, the K/S value of cotton fabric samples dyed with polyacid salts as exhausting agent was higher than that of with sodium sulfate, and the dyeing fastnesses of these samples were nearly the same. The dyeing mechanism of cotton fabric with reactive dye, using polycarboxylic acid sodium salt as exhausting agent was analyzed. The dyeing exhausting mechanism of reactive dye seems different when the inorganic salt and polycarboxylic acid sodium salt were used as exhausting agent in the dyeing of cotton fabric with reactive dye. The polycarboxylic acid sodium salt, as weak electrolyte, increased the dye‐uptake of reactive dye on cotton fabric not only by screening negative charges on cotton surface, but also by the effect of salting‐out or hydrophobic combination. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007     

Fixation of reactive dyes using radio-frequency energy

Radio-frequency (r.f.) energy has been used to increase the fixation rate of reactive dyes on cotton fabric in pad-batch dyeing. A parallel-plate r.f. applicator was used to heat batches of fabric containing reactive dye formulations. The time required for fixation of the dyes was reduced from several hours to a few minutes by heating the fabric in the radio-frequency field. Reactive dyes incorporating three different types of reactive groups, vinylsulphone, nicotinic acid, and mixed vinylsulphone/ monochlorotriazine were studied and found to be applicable using the hot pad-batch method. The colour yield and wash fastness of dyeings with the vinylsulphone/monochlorotriazine bifunctional dyes using r.f.-assisted fixation was equal or superior to those of dyeings performed by conventional cold pad-batch dyeing methods.     

直接染料对甲壳胺纤维的染色性能

探讨了中性盐、温度、染料用量对甲壳胺纤维直接染料染色性能的影响，比较了脱脂棉和甲壳胺纤维的染色性能。实验结果表明：中性盐对染料的影响与染料的磺酸基的数目有关，对4～6个磺酸基，中性盐起促染作用．对双磺酸基，起缓染作用：而在70℃时染色的上染速度明显快于40℃，染料浓度在2％时几乎尽染，当上升到8％时上染率仍在70％以上；甲壳胺纤维的上染速度和上染率明显高于棉，其可染性、染色速度、表观染色深度远高于棉易产生染色不匀现象。     

Process of dyeability modification and bleaching of cotton in a single bath

Graft polymerisation of the cationic monomer, methacryloylaminopropyltrimethylammonium chloride (MAPTAC), onto scoured cellulose was carried out in the bleaching process, aiming at modifying the fibre using a single bath. The extent of MAPTAC fixation on cellulose was measured. The bleaching performance of hydrogen peroxide in the presence of the modifying agent was found to be slightly reduced. The modified bleached cotton fabric was then dyed with a commercial reactive dye in the absence of salt. The dye uptake and colour strength of the modified fabric was markedly increased with an increase in the concentration of MAPTAC. This was attributed to the presence of the cationic groups of the MAPTAC which played a crucial role in attracting the anionic dyes from the dyebath. The results suggest that the dyeing properties of the modified fabric are closely dependent on the efficiency of MAPTAC fixation on cellulose during concurrent modifying and bleaching of cotton.     

Single-step dyeing and finishing treatment of cotton with 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid

A single-step dyeing and finishing (SDF) process was developed to eliminate dyeing problems associated with cotton crosslinked by polycarboxylic acid such as 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid (BTCA). This process consisted of several steps: (a) impregnation of the fabric by the bath containing BTCA, dye, and catalyst; (b) drying; and (c) curing at high temperature. Color strength (K/S) and dye fixation of cotton treated by the SDF process were excellent, especially with reactive dyes containing mono- or dichlorotriazinyl compounds and, in some cases, were higher than those of the sample dyed by a conventional batch process without finishing treatment. The presence of dye in the SDF process did not interfere with crosslinking of cotton. We believed that the reaction occurred between carboxyl groups of BTCA and s-triazinyl groups in reactive dyes in the presence of imidazole and other catalyst. FTIR, Raman, and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopies were used to confirm the mechanism of dye fixation. Elemental analysis also supported this mechanism. The SDF process can be an excellent way to dye fabric that also requires crosslinking treatment for smooth drying appearance. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Adsorption and fixation behaviour of CI Reactive Red 195 on cotton woven fabric in a nonionic surfactant Triton X‐100 reverse micelle

To achieve the goals of saving water and being salt‐free in the coloration of cotton fabric with reactive dye, nonionic reverse micelles were prepared and optimised with a surfactant, Triton X‐100, n‐octanol and isooctane by injecting a small amount of CI Reactive Red 195 aqueous solution. The adsorption, diffusion and fixation of this dye on cotton fabric in Triton X‐100 reverse micelle and bulk water were then investigated. The equilibrium and kinetic data of the dye adsorption process were evaluated. The colour strength and fixation rate of cotton fabrics dyed in the micelle and in bulk water were also examined and compared. The results indicated that the amount of dye adsorbed increased with the increasing temperature and the initial dye concentration. The dye adsorption process could be described using the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo‐second‐order kinetic equations. It was found that CI Reactive Red 195 showed a stronger adsorption property on cotton fabric in Triton X‐100 reverse micelle than in bulk water without the addition of sodium chloride. Using Triton X‐100 reverse micelle as the dyeing medium offered the reactive dye better diffusion performance within the cotton fibre as compared with bulk water. Moreover, higher fixation of the dyes absorbed on the cotton fibre was achieved when the optimum concentration of sodium carbonate was used as the alkali agent in Triton X‐100 reverse micelle.     

Optimal dyeing systems for resistance to the physical strength loss of the PLA/cotton blended fabric

In this study, optimization of disperse/reactive dyeing systems for resistance to the physical strength loss of Poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/cotton blended fabric was investigated. The blended fabric underwent a two‐bath, two‐stage dyeing process in which the PLA component of the blended fabric was dyed using two disperse dyes, followed by the cotton component being dyed with six reactive dyes containing different reactive groups—dichlorotriazine, monochlorotriazine, sulphatoethylsulphone, monofluorotriazine, monochlorotriazine/sulphatoethylsulphone, and monofluorotriazine/sulphatoethylsulphone groups. The optimal dyeing systems were established according to the fixation rate of the dyes, tear/tensile strength loss, and SEM micrographs of the fabric. To avoid the strength loss during the disperse/reactive dyeing process, the recommended disperse dyeing conditions were 110°C, pH 5 for 20 min, whereas the reactive dyeing conditions should be temperature ≤60°C and alkali concentration ≤3 g/L. In this regard, reactive dyes containing monofluorotriazine and monofluorotriazine/sulphatoethylsulphone groups were especially suitable for the reactive dyeing systems. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

Effect of a cationising agent on the conventional reactive dyeing of cotton

Cationisation of cotton is emerging as an effective tool that may help to solve the environmental problems associated with the dyeing of cotton with reactive dyes. The efficiency of the cationising agent CA200 has been investigated and was found to be more effective when compared with the usual method for reactive dyeing of cotton. Pretreatment of the cotton fabric with the cationising agent increases the rate of dyeing compared with the existing method of reactive dyeing. The colour yields, in terms of the Kubelka–Munk values as a function of the amount of dye fixed, showed that cationisation enhances the colour strength. It also improves the washing fastness, rubbing fastness and depth of shade. The positive environmental impact of this cationisation process is significant and the cationised cotton shows a similar fabric quality as with the normal dyeing process.     

棉织物轧染微波固色工艺研究

采用HE型活性染料对棉织物进行轧染微波固色,研究了微波辐射功率、固色时间和电解质用量对表观得色量K/S值的影响.与传统的棉轧染堆置固色、常规浸染工艺进行了对比,研究了棉织物经微波固色后的匀染性、染色牢度和断裂强力等.实验结果表明:微波固色能得到接近常规染色的染色效果,且微波固色耗时短、工艺流程简单.