醋蛋液研究的最新进展

醋蛋液是传统的食疗保健品,具有康复、治疗、预防三效合一的功能.对近年来醋蛋的浸泡工艺流程、浸泡条件、醋蛋液的一般营养成分、游离氨基酸组成、无机元素分析及醋蛋液的保健及药理功能进行了综述,指出醋蛋液开发存在的问题,并给出了建议.     

南湖菱营养成分及无机元素含量分析

对南湖菱果肉的营养成分及无机元素的含量进行分析测定。结果表明，南湖菱果肉中所合营养成分，其中干物质中蛋白质的含量为14．21％、淀粉为68．95％、灰分为3．96％；鲜物质中维生素C的含量为2．24mg／100g、水分为84．90％。南湖菱中含有常见的18种氨基酸，其中包括人体营养必需的8种氮基酸，氨基酸总量占干物质的13．45％；必需氨基酸占氨基酸总量的36．74％；人体必需微量元素Zn、Fe、Cu、Ca、Mn的含量较高，重金属元素Pb和总As含量均未超过国家标准。本实验为评价南湖菱的品质和更好地开发利用南湖菱提供了科学依据。     

企鹅珍珠贝全脏器的营养成分分析与评价

对企鹅珍珠贝全脏器的营养成分进行了分析和评价,主要对其一般营养成分、氨基酸组成、脂肪酸组成及其无机质含量进行了检测和营养学评价。结果表明:企鹅珍珠贝肉的蛋白质含量为81.1%(干基),蛋白质组成氨基酸总量为13.0%,必需氨基酸种类齐全,第一限制氨基酸是缬氨酸,氨基酸价为84.3;富含Glu、Asp和Gly等呈味氨基酸;游离氨基酸中牛磺酸的含量高达722mg/100g,占游离氨基酸总量的47.2%;脂肪含量较低,且以多不饱和脂肪酸为主,其EPA和DHA的含量分别为12.61%和30.28%;无机质含量丰富,尤其是微量元素Zn(435mg/kg)和Se(0.68mg/kg)。因此,企鹅珍珠贝是具有独特鲜味和较高营养价值的优质海产品。     

5种沙梨主要营养成分分析

以5种沙梨为样品，用常规分析方法进行营养成分分析，原子吸收法选择测定了其中7种矿质元素含量，HPLC ACCQ.Tag法进行氨基酸的测定。结果表明：总糖的范围在5．00％～7.49％，蛋白质含量在0．11％～0.22％，Vc含量4．4～7.2mg/100g，总酸0.14％～0．34％；常量元素含量较高的是：钾(丰水)239.1mg／100g，镁(翠冠)21．88mg／100g；微量元素含量较高的是：Fe(清香)2．75mg／100g，Zn(翠冠)11.5mg／100g；含有16～17种氨基酸，其中有6～7种必需氨基酸。     

白刺果肉和种子的营养成分分析

对白刺果实的营养成分进行了分析测定。结果表明：果实中维生素C52．0％，可溶性总糖9．79％：果肉中氨基酸总量7．47mg／100mg；种子中氨基酸含量13．76mg／100mg，种子含油量12．7％，其中亚油酸含量占脂肪酸总量的64．28％。     

蛋体水解液的益生菌发酵酶解工艺及产品制备研究

在传统加工方法基础上,将米醋替换为乳酸,再进行水解工艺的优化,最优方案所得蛋液水解度最大可以达到24.184%,在此基础上再使用蛋白酶进行酶解与多种益生菌进行发酵,所得样品肽含量最高可达到1.526mg/mL,相比传统醋蛋液与发酵蛋液优势明显。经测定经过多重水解的蛋液游离氨基酸种类齐全,钙、铁、锌等无机元素含量较高,且具有良好的抗氧化能力。再将得到的蛋体水解发酵液喷雾制粉,调味复配,即可得到一种具有钙含量高、低胆固醇、富含小分子肽且风味良好的功能食品。     

雄蜂蜂体主要营养成分分析与评价

本实验对雄蜂蜂体中主要营养成分进行分析。实验结果表明,雄蜂干粉蛋白质含量为57．60％,脂肪含量5．21％,灰分3．68％,游离氨基酸含量6．02mg／g。利用ICP．AES法测得,12种无机元素中K含量最高,达3480μg／g,其次是／（2957．2μg／g）,还含有较丰富的Mg（428．8μg／g）、Ca（302．6μg／g）、Fe（106．18μg／g、Zn（57μg／g）、Cu（15．34μg／g）、Mn（6．2821μg／g）等元素。另外,还检出具强烈生理功能的微量元素Se（0．3121μg／g）和Co（0．063μg／g）。从雄蜂体中鉴定了12种脂肪酸,其中不饱和脂肪酸含量占50％以上。雄蜂体中氨基酸总量达到591．25mg／g干物质,其中人体必需氨基酸和组氨酸（婴儿必需）的含量合计为243．23mg／g干物质,必需和半必需氨基酸含量都超过FAO／WHO标准,无限制性氨基酸,氨基酸分高达100。     

金枪鱼头的营养成分及其蛋白酶解物的应用

对黄鳍金枪鱼鱼头的营养成分进行了分析，并对其蛋白质营养价值进行了评价。结果显示，金枪鱼头粗蛋白含量干基计为68．0％，脂肪27．2％，含有丰富的钠和钙；根据1973年FAO／WHO推荐的必需氨基酸需要量模式对金枪鱼头蛋白进行评价，氨基酸评分为60，第一限制性氨基酸为色氨酸。用木瓜蛋白酶和风味酶双酶同时酶解金枪鱼头蛋白，酶解液经调配制得营养液，其总氮为1．02g／100mL，氨基酸总量为986．81mg／100mL。     

醋蛋液浸泡工艺确定及氨基酸组分分析

通过对醋蛋液制备工艺二次通用旋转优化设计实验,研究确定最佳的浸泡工艺参数并测定其中的氨基酸组成,结果表明:在浸泡温度为25.28℃,米醋用量为150.32 mL,时间为60.37 h时,蛋白质的水解度达到21.45%,醋蛋液游离氨基酸中必需氨基酸种类齐全,其中赖氨酸、缬氨酸和亮氨酸含量较高。     

桔梗等3种植物营养成分的测定

对桔梗，荠尼，轮叶党参等３种植物的种子脂肪酸和３种植物的氨基酸，ｒ－氨基丁酸，无机元素等营养成分进行了检测研究。其结果，种子脂肪酸中均以亚油酸含量为最高，含量分别为７７．５１％，７１．９４％，７６．７５％，是提制分离亚油酸的宝贵野生植物资源，氨基酸，ｒ－氨基丁酸，无机元素等营养成分含量丰富。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the