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对一种基于离散傅里叶变换(DFT)的频率测量算法进行了分析,该算法认为信号的频率偏移量在邻近的2个周期保持不变,因此在信号频率变化较快时频率计算误差较大。针对此问题,提出了一种改进算法。在计算频率偏移量时,除原方法外,还考虑了频率变化率带来的相邻周期相角差的影响。给出了2种方法以获得该算法所需要的信号频率变化率:一种是利用前次计算所得到的频率变化率,另一种是利用相对固定的频率变化率。仿真计算结果表明,改进后的算法具有较好的频率及频率变化率测量精度。 相似文献
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快速傅里叶变换(FFT)是电力系统进行谐波分析的主要算法,但当输入信号中含有衰减直流分量时,FFT算法会产生较大的误差。文中提出一种改进算法,能够在事先未知衰减常数的情况下对衰减直流分量进行补偿,从而消除直流分量对基波及各次谐波幅值和相位的影响。该算法只需要在整周期采样的基础上增加一个采样点,理论上可以精确补偿衰减直流分量的影响,精度高、计算简单,适用于电力系统谐波分析中的精确算法。 相似文献
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快速傅里叶变换(FFT)可实现整数次谐波的精确检测,但对非整数次谐波的检测误差较大;加窗插值算法可提高非整数次谐波的检测精度,但会导致谐波分辨率降低。如果信号中存在频率相近的整数次和非整数次谐波,利用FFT和加窗插值算法都无法实现谐波的准确检测。连续小波变换(CWT)因其良好的时频局部化特性,可用来分析谐波。通常利用CWT系数的幅值来检测谐波频率。但不同尺度的小波函数在频域上存在相互干扰,如果被检测信号中含有频率相近的谐波,利用CWT系数的幅值无法实现谐波的准确检测。文中结合傅里叶变换和CWT的特点,提出了利用小波变换系数傅里叶变换的幅值来分离谐波的算法。通过实例验证,该算法能够把频率相近的整数次和非整数次谐波分离,实现较理想的检测,从而提高了谐波分析、检测的精度。 相似文献
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随着全球定位系统(GPS)的全面民用化以及通信技术的发展,电力系统实时相量测量技术日益受到关注。传统的基于离散傅里叶变换(DFT)的频率跟踪算法对相角误差的考虑不全面,从而其频率、相角、幅值等计算结果也不够准确。文中对DFT在非同步采样情况下的误差产生机理进行了全面分析,给出了非同步采样情况下DFT相角计算结果的精确误差表达式,基于该相角误差公式,提出了一种新的基于DFT的电力系统相量测量算法。与传统算法相比,该算法具有精确度高、可以自适应地抑制谐波干扰、计算量不大等优点,并用算例验证了这些优点。此外,还给出了实用的利用传统DFT方法计算功率的误差估计公式。 相似文献
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提出了利用两个正弦或余弦数字滤波器快速计算电压、电流基波分量幅值的新方法。该算法 能有效滤除故障电流波形中的衰减直流分量,而且计算简单,响应时间短,故障后经2~3个 采样周期就能得到较为准确的计算结果。 相似文献
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在中低电压等级的线路测控保护一体化装置中,可以较容易地实现手动同期功能,但两侧频率相差较大时,采用相同时间间隔采样会对模拟量有效值的计算带来很大误差。文中分析了频率偏离额定值较大时,利用傅里叶算法计算有效值的误差,提出了一种修正幅值的实用方法。通过理论分析和数字仿真表明该修正方法使有效值的计算精度大大提高,而且计算量增加不大,有很好的实用价值。 相似文献
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经典的离散傅里叶变换(DFT)算法在静态条件下具有较好的相量估计性能,但在动态条件下其估计精度往往达不到实际应用要求。文中分析了DFT算法在动态条件下产生估计误差的原因,在此基础上利用一阶泰勒模型对DFT算法进行修正,设计了满足动态要求的同步相量估计新算法。该算法利用一阶泰勒展开式对动态电力信号进行建模,然后引入相邻数据窗之间的相量变化率来表征相量一阶导数,通过相量一阶导数修正DFT算法的估计结果;最后将得到的中心时刻相量估计值相移到报告时刻,从而实现准确的相量估计。仿真分析及对实际采样数据的分析表明,该算法在频率偏移、低频振荡等动态情况下均优于DFT算法,具有一定的应用潜力。 相似文献
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提出了自适应跟踪振荡过程的精确计算方法,这种算法将差分全波傅里叶算法作为数字滤波器对输入信号进行滤波,然后用短数据窗(3点)先算出信号的频率,进而精确计算出信号的幅值和相位。用此算法求出的I>Ucosφ数值精度高,收敛性好,更真实地反映了电力系统振荡过程中发生三相短路时保护安装处电压和电流的变化;因此可以大大缩短I>Ucosφ作为电力系统振荡过程发生三相短路判别元件的动作时间,提高整套保护的性能。数字仿真结果验证了该算法的正确性。 相似文献
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首先分析用于模拟信号频谱分析的快速傅里叶变换法,进而提出基于线性插值原理和抛物线 插值原理的两种改进快速傅里叶变换法。算例分析表明,改进后的算法明显提高了计算精度 ,降低了对采样频率的要求,从而明显提高了计算速度。 相似文献
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根据冗各电站地下厂房开挖支护的施工顺序,以隐式杆单元模拟锚杆,以壳单元模拟混凝土喷层,采用三维非线性有限元技术,对洞室群的开挖支护动态过程进行了模拟计算。通过三维非线性有限元计算分析得到:洞室群动态开挖过程中围岩应力变形的分布规律,围岩塑性区的发展规律,锚杆受力变化情况。计算结果表明:整个开挖过程中,洞周围岩位移变化规律正常,量值较小,塑性区主要分布在洞室周边,围岩稳定性较好;但在洞室交叉口处围岩的变形较大,出现较大范围的塑性区,在此基础上提出了支护措施优化方案,并对优化方案的效果进行了评价。 相似文献
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The relocation of unionacean mussels is commonly used as a conservation and management tool in large rivers and streams. Relocation has been used to recolonize areas where mussel populations have been eliminated by prior pollution events, to remove mussels from construction zones and to re-establish populations of endangered species. More recently, relocation has been used to protect native freshwater mussels from colonization by the exotic zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha. We conducted a literature review of mussel relocations and evaluated their relative success as a conservation and management strategy. We found that 43% of all relocations were conducted because of construction projects that were forced to comply with the Endangered Species Act 1973 and that only 16% were monitored for five or more consecutive years. Most (43%) relocation projects were conducted from July to September, presumably a period when reproductive stress is relatively low for most species and the metabolic rate is sufficient for reburrowing in the substrate. The mortality of relocated mussels was unreported in 27% of projects; reported mortality varied widely among projects and species and was difficult to assess. The mean mortality of relocated mussels was 49% based on an average recovery rate of 43%. There is little guidance on the methods for relocation or for monitoring the subsequent long-term status of relocated mussels. Based on this evaluation, research is needed to develop criteria for selecting a suitable relocation site and to establish appropriate methods and guidelines for conducting relocation projects. 相似文献
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Samples were taken year-round at eleven sites along the altitudinal profile (2900-1400 m a.s.l.) of the Gunnison River, a 329 km tributary of the Colorado River, to document the distribution of the Plecoptera and to evaluate responses to hypolimnial-release dams in the headwaters and middle reaches. Twenty-two species were present, with the greatest species richness occurring in an unregulated segment upstream of the middle reach dams; average nymphal biomass over the study period (175 organisms, 395 mg dry mass m?2) was also greatest in this segment. Only four species (58 organisms, 48 mg m?2) were present in the tailwaters of the headwater dam and values were greatly reduced (nine species; 35 organisms, 180 mg m?2) below the middle reach dams. The stonefly community recovered ca. 80 km downstream from the last dam (15 species; 244 organisms, 250 mg m?2), apparently in response to natural resetting of environmental conditions corresponding to those above the middle reach dams. At the most downstream site (11) only four species (four organisms, 16 mg m?2) were present. The observed distributional pattern is a classic serial discontinuity in response to hypolimnial stream regulation in a temperate latitude river. 相似文献
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In the lower River Murray, Australia, populations of gastropods have declined markedly over the past 40 years. Of the native fauna of about 18 species, only the ancylid Ferrissia petterdi remains common (but in patches), and another five species feature in sporadic local resurgences. Until recently the viviparid Notopala was thought to be extinct. The introduced physid Physa acuta is widespread, but in low numbers. The decline probably is associated with flow regulation, high turbidity and the introduction of common carp. Snail populations have persisted, however, in irrigation pipelines fed from the river, where they periodically cause blockages. This paper reports the discovery of the only known populaion of Notopala hanleyi in a pipeline where the inner wall accumulates microbial and other organic matter, providing high quality food for snails. In the Murray before regulation most of the periphytic biomass was probably microbial, as fluctuating water levels would have maintained littoral communities in a highly productive, early state of succession his postulated that, by stabilizing seasonal water levels, regulation has promoted the production of filamentous green algae, an inferior food source, and so displaced snail populations from the open aquatic environment. 相似文献
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V. K. Konovalov O. V. Yashkin V. V. Ermakov 《Power Technology and Engineering (formerly Hydrotechnical Construction)》2008,42(2):105-109
A system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash is examined, in which air pulses act on batches (pistons) of ash formed
in a duct. Studies are made of the effect of several physical parameters on the force required to displace a piston of ash
and these serve as a basis for choosing a system for removal and pneumatic transport of ash simultaneously from several hoppers
of an electric precipitator. This makes it possible to separate the ash particles according to size without introducing additional
components. Formulas are given for calculating the structural and dynamic parameters of this system and measurements of indirect
dynamic parameters are used to calculate the input-output characteristics of the system. In order to optimize the system,
configurations for summing several ducts into a single transport duct for pneumatic ash transport are proposed. Some variants
of dry ash utilization and the advantages of producing of size-separated particles are considered.
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Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 2, pp. 26–30 (2008). 相似文献
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Peter B. Bayley 《河流研究与利用》1991,6(2):75-86
The ‘flood pulse advantage’ is the amount by which fish yield per unit mean water area is increased by a natural, predictable flood pulse. Evidence for this increase is presented from tropical and temperate fisheries. It is argued that increasing multispecies fish yield by restoring the natural hydrological regime is consistent with increasing production of other trophic levels and with restoration from ecological and aesthetic viewpoints. When applied to a river-floodplain system, this restoration would provide a large, self-sustaining potential for recreation, commercial exploitation, and flood control. An interim ‘natural flood pulse’ restoration approach is proposed for systems modified for navigation. This approach approximates the natural hydrological regime in a river reach and is intended as a first step in the long process of restoring the watershed. 相似文献