乙酰苯胺的合成及红外光谱表征

乙酰苯胺可用作止痛剂,是有机工业合成重要的中间体,一般通过苯胺和冰醋酸合成的方法制得。本文分别采用分馏、蒸馏、回馏的方法制备了乙酰苯胺,并对它们进行了红外光谱分析。实验结果表明,分馏的合成产率最高为52.5%,回馏次之为44.4%,蒸馏的合成产率最低仅为37.7%。     

对氨基乙酰苯胺合成绿色工艺的研究

以对硝基乙酰苯胺为原料 ,以水作溶剂 ,用锌粉和氯化铵作还原剂 ,还原合成对氨基乙酰苯胺。此方法快速、安全 ,是一种对环境友好的合成工艺。还原温度 98± 1℃ ,产品收率高达 95 %左右。     

乙酰苯胺制备实验的教学实践与探索

乙酰苯胺是磺胺类药物的原料,它的合成是有机化学反应中保护氨基的方法之一,在有机化学实验当中属于固体化合物的制备。根据该实验的教学现状,对教学过程中存在的问题进行了分析和归纳,并结合现有的合成方法对乙酰苯胺合成条件进行了探索和改进。通过比较与实施不同的实验方案,增强了学生的动手操作和创新实践能力,提高了实验教学的效果。     

除草剂苯噻草胺的合成

介绍了苯噻草胺及相关中间体的合成方法,其中苯噻草胺的合成采用２ 氯代苯并噻唑与２ 羟基 Ｎ 甲基乙酰苯胺反应来制备为宜,２ 氯代苯并噻唑的合成采用２ 巯基苯并噻唑氯化法为宜,２ 羟基 Ｎ 甲基乙酰苯胺的合成采用氯乙酰氯法为宜。     

N-苯基硫脲衍生物新的合成方法

硫脲衍生物是一类具有强烈生理和药理活性的有机试剂。以乙酰乙酰苯胺和硫氰酸铵为原料,在无催化剂的条件下,开发了一种合成标题化合物的方法。结果表明,乙酰乙酰苯胺无论是具有吸电子取代基还是给电子取代基,反应都可以顺利进行。合成了11种硫脲衍生物,所得产物的分离产率为81%~94%,并利用质谱、核磁共振波谱、红外光谱对所合成的化合物进行了表征。     

对位酯的合成技术与生产现状

对位酯是活性染料最重要的中间体,乙烯砜型活性染料中间体之一.活性染料已成为我国目前第二大类染料品种,呈快速发展势头,对位酯的需求也随之逐年增加.以文献为基础,介绍了分别以乙酰苯胺、对硝基氯苯、硝基苯为原料合成对位酯的方法,并对各合成路线进行了分析、比较,指出了乙酰苯胺原料路线,对硝基氯苯原料路线的巯基乙醇法、硝基苯法、...     

对甲基乙酰苯胺的合成

以对甲基苯胺与冰醋酸为原料,通过酰化反应合成对甲基乙酰苯胺,考察了反应物摩尔比、反应时间及反应温度对反应的影响。结果表明,合成对甲基乙酰苯胺的最佳实验条件是：冰醋酸与对甲基苯胺物质的量之比为2.5∶1,反应时间为60 min,反应温度为105℃,收率84%。     

3-(N-乙基-N-甲氧碳酰甲基)氨基乙酰苯胺的合成

以间氨基乙酰苯胺为起始原料,经乙醛乙基化,再与氯乙酸甲酯反应合成3-(N-乙基-N-甲氧碳酰甲基)氨基乙酰苯胺,并对合成工艺进行优化,得到较优工艺条件为:n(间氨基乙酰苯胺)∶n(乙醛)=1.0∶1.2,Pd/C(Pd质量分数5%)为催化剂,在氢气压力3.5 MPa,反应温度70℃下合成3-(N-乙基)氨基乙酰苯胺,收率为90.7%,色谱纯度为97.5%。以碳酸钠为缚酸剂,n〔3-(N-乙基)氨基乙酰苯胺〕∶n(碳酸钠)=1.0∶0.6,反应温度70℃下合成3-(N-乙基-N-甲氧碳酰甲基)氨基乙酰苯胺,收率为94.6%,色谱纯度为96.8%。     

对甲基乙酰苯胺的合成

以对甲基苯胺与冰醋酸为原料,通过酰化反应合成对甲基乙酰苯胺,考察了反应物摩尔比、反应时间及反应温度对反应的影响。结果表明,合成对甲基乙酰苯胺的最佳实验条件是:冰醋酸与对甲基苯胺物质的量之比为2.5∶1,反应时间为60 min,反应温度为105℃,收率84%。     

对硝基乙酰苯胺的合成研究

以对硝基苯胺、乙酸酐和乙酸为原料合成对硝基乙酰苯胺。考察了反应物物质的量配比、乙酸用量、反应温度、反应时间对对硝基乙酰苯胺反应收率的影响,利用正交发计选出影响产品收率的主要因素,并对丰要影响因素进行了单因素的详细研究,找出最佳合成条件。反应收率99．12％（高效液相色谱测定）。产品经红外光谱、^1H—NMR和元素分析证实为目标产物。该方法反应条件温和,操作简便,收率高。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。