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为了提高Ni–P合金镀层的耐蚀性和表观质量,在化学镀Ni–P二元合金镀液的基础上加入钨酸钠,在钢铁上制备了Ni–W–P三元合金镀层。探讨了镀液主要成分和工艺条件对镀层外观质量及耐蚀性的影响,获得了较佳的工艺规范:硫酸镍25~35 g/L,钨酸钠55~65 g/L,次磷酸钠30~40 g/L,复合配位剂80~100 g/L,组合光亮剂5~10 mg/L,p H 8.5~9.0,温度80~90°C。检测了镀层的相关性能。结果表明,所制备的Ni–W–P合金镀层结晶细致,光亮度和结合力好,具有良好的装饰效果,耐蚀性优于化学镀Ni–P合金镀层。 相似文献
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《电镀与涂饰》2015,(23)
在钢试片上复合电沉积Ni–ZrO_2,使微米级的ZrO_2颗粒镶嵌在镍镀层中而形成具有一定粗糙度的表面。通过正交试验研究了NiSO_4·6H_2O、ZrO_2和十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)添加量,电流密度和温度对Ni–ZrO_2复合镀层耐蚀性、显微硬度和粗糙度的影响。结果表明,电流密度对镀层耐蚀性的影响最大,温度对镀层粗糙度的影响最大。综合考虑Ni–ZrO_2复合镀层的显微硬度、耐蚀性和粗糙度3个指标,得到复合电沉积Ni–ZrO_2的最优工艺为:NiSO_4·6H_2O 280 g/L,NiC_(12)·6H_2O 30~60 g/L,H_3BO_3 30~40 g/L,ZrO_2 30 g/L,SDS 120 mg/L,1,4-丁炔二醇和糖精适量,电流密度3 A/dm2,温度45°C。在最优工艺条件下,Ni–ZrO_2复合镀层的耐蚀性最好,显微硬度为587.3 HV,粗糙度为14.327 4μm,比钢试片高一个数量级左右。 相似文献
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引进了新型无氰氯化钾镀镉工艺,在实验室和生产线上对其工艺性能和镀层性能进行了研究。镀液组成为35~40 g/L氯化镉,140~180 g/L氯化钾,120~160 g/L配位剂,25~35 m L/L辅助剂,1.5~2.5 m L/L光亮剂,p H为6.0~7.0,挂镀JΚ为0.5~1.5 A/dm2,θ为15~35℃;滚镀槽电压4~7 V,θ为15~30℃,滚筒转速3~7 r/min。在JΚ为1 A/dm2下电镀,镉的沉积速率为0.23μm/min,电流效率为72.3%。镀层经过低铬彩色钝化后进行中性盐雾试验96 h无白锈生成,504 h无红锈生成,其耐蚀性高于氰化镀镉。实验表明,该镀液的均镀能力和深镀能力、镀层的氢脆性和耐蚀性、结合力均满足HB 5036-92《镉镀层质量检验》的要求,废水处理后镉离子满足GB21900-2008《电镀污染物排放标准》的要求。 相似文献
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研究了无机、有机、复合光亮剂对高磷化学镀镍镀层外观、表面微观形貌、沉积速度、磷含量、孔隙率及耐蚀性的影响。试验证明:添加无机光亮剂时,镀层光亮,但存在微孔结构,导致孔隙率升高,耐蚀性大幅下降;添加有机光亮剂时,镀层光亮性略有下降,但镀层均匀性好,缺陷少;而复合光亮剂则可以实现较理想的效果,其镀层外观光亮,表面平整细致,沉积速度快,整体性能优良,复合光亮剂组成为:2mg/L Ce(SO4)2、3 mg/LTe(SO4)2、30 mg/L C6H5SO2Na、2 mg/L N,N-二乙基丙炔胺(DEP)。 相似文献
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采用氨羧配位体系无氰镀液对30Cr Mn Si A钢电镀镉。镀液组成和工艺条件为:CdCl2·2.5H2O 40~50 g/L,NH4Cl 180~220 g/L,氨三乙酸60~80 g/L,乙二胺四乙酸20~30 g/L,NiCl2·6H2O 50~300 mg/L(即Ni2+12.3~74.1 mg/L), pH 6.5~7.5,室温,电流密度1 A/dm2,时间15~25 min。通过阴极极化曲线测试、循环伏安分析和霍尔槽试验研究了Ni2+质量浓度对镉电沉积行为和镀液均镀能力的影响,并通过光泽度测定、扫描电镜观察和塔菲尔曲线测量分析了Ni2+质量浓度对Cd镀层外观、表面形貌和耐蚀性的影响。结果表明,镀液中添加适量Ni2+可以在一定程度上改善Cd镀层的外观和耐蚀性,但对其他性能的影响不明显。Ni2+不宜单独用作无氰镀镉的添加剂。 相似文献
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为了拓展铝及铝合金的应用范围,采用二次浸锌+碱性化学镀镍+酸性化学镀镍+化学浸镀仿金的组合工艺,开发了一种新的铝及铝合金化学浸镀仿金工艺,探讨了主要成分和工艺条件对仿金镀层质量的影响,确定工艺条件如下:SnSO48~10 g/L,CuSO41.2~1.5 g/L,配位剂(酒石酸或柠檬酸)10~15 g/L,H2SO410~20 mL/L,XT-08B稳定剂10~12 mL/L,氢氟酸40~50 mL/L,氟化铵1~2 g/L,温度15~35°C,时间10~15 min。所得仿金镀层色泽典雅纯正,结合力好,工艺操作简便,对环境污染小,耐蚀性可与电镀仿金层媲美,具有较好的应用前景。 相似文献
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研究了丁二酸对化学镀Ni-P纳米TiO_2复合镀层性能的影响。镀液组成及工艺条件为:NaH_2PO_2·H_2O 32g/L,NiSO_4·6H_2O 26g/L,一水合柠檬酸20g/L,CH_3COONa·3H_2O 15g/L,十二烷基苯磺酸钠40 mg/L,纳米TiO_2微粒0.6~1.5g/L,丁二酸4~24 mg/L,温度(88±1)°C,pH值4.8±0.2,时间1h。加入适量的丁二酸,能够提高镀液的稳定性,加快沉积速率,提高镀层中磷的质量分数、显微硬度及耐蚀性。丁二酸的最佳质量浓度为2g/L。 相似文献
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The transport properties of ionic liquids (ILs) are crucial properties in view of their applications in electrochem-ical devices. One of the most important advantages of ILs is that their chemical–physical properties and conse-quently their bulk performances can be well tuned by optimizing the chemical structures of their ions. This will require elucidating the structural features of the ions that fundamentally determine the characteristics of the nanostructures and the viscosities of ILs. Here we showed for the first time that the“rigidity”, the order, and the compactness of the three-dimensional ionic networks generated by the anions and the cation head groups determine the formation and the sizes of the nanostructures in the apolar domains of ILs. We also found that the properties of ionic networks are governed by the conformational flexibility and the symmetry of the anion and/or the cation head group. The thermal stability of the nanostructures of ILs was shown to be con-trolled by the sensitivity of the conformational equilibrium of the anion to the change of temperature. We showed that the viscosity of ILs is strongly related to the symmetry and the flexibility of the constitute ions rather than to the size of the nanostructures of ILs. Therefore, the characteristics of the nanostructures and the viscosities of ILs, especially the thermal stability of the nanostructures, can be fine-tuned by tailoring the symmetry and the conformational flexibility of the anion. 相似文献
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Investigation of the effects of fatty acids on the compressive strength of the concrete and the grindability of the cement 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In cement industry, a great energy consumption has been observed during grinding of clinker. To reduce this consumption, some waste products have been used as grinding aids.In this investigation, the effects of sunflower oil (SO), oleic acid (OA), stearic acid (SA), myristic acid (MA) and lauric acid (LA) on the fineness and strength of the cement have been examined. These aids were added into clinker in certain ratios based on the cement clinker weight and the grinding has been done for a definite time at the same condition.All of the fatty acids used increased the fineness as compared with the cement without the grinding additives. SO and OA decreased the strength significantly, LA decreased it to a lesser extent and SA increased it definitely according to the common cement. But MA did not alter the strength of the cement as much as SA. In addition, the covering of the balls influences the grinding of cement clinker unfavourably. 相似文献
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Polyurethaneureas (PUU), which were synthesized from 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), and 3,5-diaminobanzoic acid (DABA), were used as polyelectrolytes in this study. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were used to monitor the effect of the various kinds of PEG on the changes in morphology of PUU electrolytes corresponding to the concentration of lithium perchlorate (LiClO4) dopants. The results of DSC and FT-IR indicate the Li+ ions coordinate with the soft and hard segments. Additionally, the crystallinity of the PEG soft segment and the ordered hydrogen-bonded urea carbonyl groups decreased with increasing salt concentration. Impedance spectroscopy (IS) measurements show that the PUU electrolyte with the high phase separation degree has the high ionic conductivity. The hard-segment Tg and the soft-segment Tm influence the conductivity behavior of polyelectrolytes with increasing measurement temperature. 相似文献
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In spinning basalt fibres, the drafting force is in the same range as in spinning of glass fibres. The effect of the drafting
force can not be considered in the calculation for the strength and rigidity of the bottom of the spinneret.
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Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 5, pp. 47–50, September–October, 2007. 相似文献