芯片电镀铜添加剂的研究进展

添加剂是芯片电镀铜过程中实现无空隙填充必不可少的一部分.电镀液成分复杂,各类添加剂如加速剂、抑制剂以及整平剂在电镀过程中的协同作用机制需要进一步研究.为揭示芯片电镀铜添加剂的反应机理,本论文综述了国内外相关的研究工作,对电镀铜添加剂的种类和相互作用进行了分析和总结,并指出了今后的发展方向.     

印制电路板酸性镀铜添加剂的研究

通过阴极极化曲线、电化学阻抗谱测试以及开路电位-时间曲线分析,对由聚二硫丙烷磺酸钠(SP)、聚醚类、季胺类等成分组成的通孔电镀铜添加剂的各组分的电化学性能进行了详细考察;并以内孔法研究了组合添加剂在不同温度下的深镀能力,发现该添加剂具有良好的深镀能力;运用旋转圆盘电极对深孔电镀进行模拟,研究了该组合添加剂的通孔电镀能力.     

GC／MS分析铝板带轧制油中添加剂的成分

用GC／MS技术分析铝板带轧制油中添加剂的组成成分，结合各物质的物理化学性质的方法来解析气质谱图，并对定量分析方法进行了探讨，得出了轧制油中添加剂的主要成分，为铝材轧制润滑正确选择添加剂以及对添加剂成分的控制提供一定的参考依据。     

柠檬酸-EDTA电镀光亮Sn-Pb合金的研究(Ⅰ)工艺研究

研究了以柠檬酸和EDTA为络合剂,QB-1为添加剂的电镀光亮Sn-Pb合金工艺。探讨了络合剂含量、[Sn~(2+)]/[Pb~(2+)]、阴极电流密度及温度对镀层中Pb含量的影响。综合考虑合金镀层组成、镀层的光泽度及镀液的稳定性,确定了电镀光亮sn-Pb合金的最佳镀液组成及工艺条件。     

便携式多功能电镀工艺试验箱及其应用

介绍了一种便携式多功能电镀工艺试验箱，可在现场做赫尔槽工艺实验，镀液样品的大处理试验并验证处理效果，可进行电镀液主盐质量浓度的化验和有害杂质的分析，为电镀液的维护和电镀故障的处理提供科学依据，介绍了常见镀液主要杂质的定性分析方法，列出了本箱可化验的镀液种类和项目，举例说明了对某些分析难点的改进。     

轻研——1型赫尔槽的特点及其应用

一、前言在电镀生产中为了获得良好的镀层,除需要选择适宜的溶液组成,进行合理的工艺安排,维持严格的操作条件外,在技术上还应该采用良好的监测手段.通常电镀溶液中金属盐类的分析是比较简单而容易控制的,但是对大多数溶液来说,微量的光亮剂、杂质等对镀层的影响是很大的.因此仅靠分析基础溶液的成分来管理镀液是不够的,而要依靠一般手段来分析微量的添加剂等又比较困难.     

碱性锌酸盐体系锌-铁-二氧化钛复合电镀工艺的研究

通过在碱性锌铁合金电镀液中加入适量钛白粉，制得锌－铁－二氧化钛复合电镀层。介绍了镀液中各组分的作用及操作条件。研究了镀液中的氧化锌、氯化亚铁、二氧化钛、配合剂和添加剂的含量以及阴极电流密度、温度和搅拌等对复合镀层中铁和二氧化钛含量的影响，优选出最佳镀液组成及操作条件。结果表明，复合电镀过程中，二氧化钛与铁的沉积互相促进，具有协同效应。     

镀锡板生产中电镀工艺发展综述

镀锡板生产的电镀工艺按镀液组成可分为碱性型、卤素型和弗洛斯坦型3种。概述了不同电镀工艺的镀液主成分、作业方式、特点、存在的问题和应用情况,分析了镀锡板生产中电镀工艺的总体发展趋势。     

PCB电镀铜添加剂作用机理研究进展

添加剂是PCB镀铜溶液中的重要组成部分,在电镀过程中发挥着不可替代的作用。添加剂能有效改善电镀过程中的电流分布,提高镀液的均镀能力,控制铜离子从溶液本体到反应界面的运输与电结晶过程,从而影响PCB板面微观凹处和微观凸处的电化学沉积速率。然而添加剂的作用并不是单一组分添加剂所发挥作用的简单叠加,它们之间存在着复杂的协同作用或对抗竞争作用。为了更好地指导电镀铜添加剂配方的研发,提高电镀工艺水平,结合目前国内外相关的文献报道对电镀工艺中添加剂间的相互作用进行分析和概述。其中包括氯离子、加速剂、抑制剂、整平剂之间的相互作用。     

问题解答

问　如何改善甲基磺酸镀液电镀光亮铅 -锡合金的深镀能力和分散能力 ?　 (广东　李永国 )答　甲基磺酸电镀光亮铅 -锡合金的性能是否良好 ,取决于镀液的组成 ,即除主盐外 ,关键是络 (螯 )合剂、光亮添加剂、表面活性剂和防氧化剂等的组成是否适宜 ,由于你所用的是商品 ,成分不详 ,我们无法提供具体意见 ,你可和供应商咨询 ,这里只将影响镀液性能的因素介绍给你供参考。1 )凡能使镀液电导率增加的物质 ,均有利于阴极表面电流的均匀分布 ;2 )当阴极电流效率随电流密度的增加而降低时 ,则有利于沉积金属在阴极上的均匀分布 ;3)能增大阴极极化尤…     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。