吸附法脱除模拟油中有机氯

采用直接吸附法对油品中有机氯化物的脱除进行研究。以ZSM-5分子筛和γ-Al_2O_3为载体,以CuO和MgO为活性组分,利用等体积浸渍法制得MgO/ZSM-5、CuO/ZSM-5、CuO/γ-Al_2O_3和MgO/γ-Al_2O_3共4种吸附剂,采用X射线衍射(XRD)、低温氮气吸附-脱附(BET)等方法对吸附剂进行了表征分析,考察了吸附剂对模拟油中有机氯化物的脱除效果,同时考察了脱氯实验的反应条件对有机氯化物脱除效果的影响,得到了最佳吸附条件。实验结果表明:吸附剂Mg O/ZSM-5和Cu O/ZSM-5脱氯效果较好,其吸附效果的最佳条件为活性组分负载量为12%、吸附温度为30℃、剂油比为1∶15、吸附时间为60min,脱氯率分别为62.63%和56.28%。最后通过对单一有机氯化物模拟油的吸附研究,得出吸附剂对不同浓度的有机氯化物脱除效果不同,这为石脑油中不同有机氯化物的脱除提供了经验和依据。     

偏氟乙烯中一氟甲烷杂质的处理及研究

采用动态吸附法处理偏氟乙烯中的一氟甲烷杂质。吸附试验表明,当吸附剂为活性炭、气体流速为0.6 m³/h、吸附温度为25℃、流过时间为15 min时,偏氟乙烯中的一氟甲烷杂质能被完全吸附。活性炭的饱和吸附时间为5 h,单位饱和吸附量为0.101 g/g吸附剂。脱附试验表明,当脱附温度为200℃、脱附时间为3 h时,一氟甲烷的脱附率达到100%。重复性试验表明,活性炭具有较好的重复性能,其重复吸附5次后吸附率仍在99%以上。     

吸附-热再生法回收废水中醋酸的研究

针对浓度为3%的醋酸废水,选用YK-15椰壳炭为吸附剂,采用吸附和分步热再生法从废水中分离醋酸,达到了废水处理和醋酸回收的双重目的.系统地考察了动态吸附和分步热再生的工艺条件,结果表明,在温度为30℃,废水流速为7.3×10-5 m·s-1的适宜条件下,YK-15椰壳炭对醋酸的动态吸附容量为161.0 mg·g-1,穿透点处废水的处理能力为4.7 g(废水)·g-1(活性炭).对吸附剂进行分步热再生的适宜条件是,第一步控制温度为110～130℃,脱除吸附柱内35%～40%的残余水,以浓缩醋酸.第二步继续升温至320℃,脱附并回收醋酸,醋酸的脱附率可达96%以上,收率为87%,回收醋酸的浓度为30%左右.吸附–脱附的循环实验表明,活性炭的吸附和脱附性能稳定,数据重现性好.     

活性炭法吸附硝酸分解磷矿过程中碘的研究

硝酸分解磷矿过程中,碘主要分布于酸解尾气中,探究从酸解尾气中富集分离碘。通过对比氢氧化钠溶液吸收和活性炭吸附两种方法,选择活性炭法,探究了活性炭填充高度、尾气流速、填料管温度、亚硫酸浓度和温度、脱附时间对碘富集分离的影响。结果表明,碘的富集率随活性炭填充高度、填料管温度的增大而增大,随尾气流速的增大而先增大后减小;吸附碘活性炭的脱附率随亚硫酸浓度、温度以及脱附时间的增大而增大。在尾气流速1.5 mL/s、活性炭填充高度16 cm、填料管温度25℃条件下吸附,并在1%SO_2的亚硫酸溶液45℃脱附1 h,综合富集率达90.10%。     

活性炭吸附法分离纯化ADN

采用静态吸附试验,研究了3种活性炭(AC、BC、CC)的静态吸附与解吸,筛选出一种较好的活性炭AC;通过动态吸附和解吸实验,对二硝酰胺铵(ADN)的吸附、解吸工艺条件进行了优化。结果表明,AC的吸附能力与解吸能力均优于活性炭BC与CC,是分离纯化ADN的理想吸附剂;当上样溶液质量浓度为30 155.32mg/L、流速为5mL/min时,活性炭AC对ADN的吸附量较大。以80℃热水为洗脱溶剂,洗脱至第10个柱体积时,总洗脱率达95.64%。     

Treatment of the wastewater containing 4B acid with hypercrosslinked polymeric adsorbent

用3种超高交联吸附树脂对4B酸水溶液进行吸附实验,筛选出吸附效果最好的NDA-99树脂.通过静态吸附、动态吸附和脱附实验,探讨了pH、浓度、温度和流速等对树脂吸附4B酸的影响及合适的再生条件.结果表明,该树脂对水溶液中4B酸的吸附主要为物理吸附,降低温度有利于吸附.动态吸附实验表明:在288K下,进液流速为3 BV/h的条件下动态饱和吸附量为158.35 mg/g;以质量分数为8％的NaOH溶液为脱附剂,脱附流速为1 BV/h,脱附温度为343 K时,1.5 BV的NaOH溶液对饱和树脂的脱附率高达97.5％.     

多孔材料对柴油脱色及脱碱性氮性能的对比研究

以焦化柴油和催化柴油加氢精制混合柴油作为原料,在一定条件下,考察了不同类型固体吸附剂对柴油脱色脱碱性氮的效果。静态实验结果表明,活性炭吸附剂的脱色效果最好,ASTM D1500色度达到0.2;硅酸铝吸附剂的脱碱性氮效果最好,脱除率达到90%。动态实验结果表明,活性炭吸附剂的胶质饱和吸附量最高,达到5.58%,但碱性氮饱和吸附量仅有0.45%。硅酸铝吸附剂的脱碱性氮效果最好,碱性氮吸附容量为0.91%,碱性氮饱和吸附量达到1.24%。与新鲜剂相比,采用高温焙烧再生,活性炭吸附剂能够完全恢复脱色脱胶质能力;采用极性溶剂再生,硅酸铝吸附剂能够完全恢复脱碱性氮能力。     

活性炭纤维用于苦卤脱色的研究

采用活性炭纤维（ACF）对海盐苦卤进行吸附脱色实验.通过动态吸附实验,探讨了活性炭用量、溶液流速、温度、浓度、pH对脱色率的影响.确定活性炭纤维对苦卤溶液脱色的最佳工艺条件为：温度20 ℃,苦卤溶液浓度（以溶液中X-计）为2 mol/L,溶液pH＝6,动态吸附流速为6 mL/min.在此条件下,苦卤脱色率大于98%.活性炭纤维对海盐苦卤的饱和吸附量比颗粒活性炭大10倍.吸附后的活性炭纤维加热到120 ℃并抽真空进行脱附,可循环使用18次以上.     

改性SAPO-34分子筛对模型油中二氯乙烷的脱除

采用吸附法对模型油中二氯乙烷的脱除进行研究。以SAPO-34分子筛为载体,以Ni2+、Cu2+、Mg2+、Zn2+为活性组分,利用等体积浸渍法制得不同金属离子改性的SAPO-34分子筛吸附剂。采用低温氮气吸附-脱附(BET)、X射线衍射(XRD)和氨吸附及程序升温脱附(NH3-TPD)对吸附剂进行了表征,考察了5种吸附剂对二氯乙烷的吸附脱氯效果及金属负载量对脱氯效果的影响,得到了最优吸附剂,同时考察了脱氯实验的吸附条件对脱氯效果的影响,得到了最佳吸附条件,最后研究了吸附剂的再生能力。结果表明:Ni/SAPO-34分子筛的吸附脱氯效果较好,并且有很好的再生能力,其吸附效果的最佳条件为镍金属离子的负载量为4%,吸附温度为20℃,剂油比为1∶30,吸附时间为50min。这一研究为真实油中有机氯化物的脱除提供了经验和依据。     

茶皂素提取条件的优化及纯化研究

以油茶茶籽粕为原料，采用乙醇水溶液提取茶皂素。在茶籽粉和乙醇料液比1 : 9(g : mL)，乙醇体积分数60%，提取温度60 ℃和提取时间3 h的最佳条件下茶皂素的提取得率达14.9%。用NKA-9型大孔吸附树脂吸附纯化茶皂素粗品，树脂静态吸附与解吸结果表明：树脂静态吸附茶皂素粗提液0.5 h基本饱和，体积分数80%乙醇解吸率为91.1%；动态吸附与解吸时，上样流速8 mL/min较佳，吸附率为66.04%，体积分数80%乙醇洗脱，洗脱流速5.0 mL/min，洗脱体积50 mL时，可使流出液中茶皂素质量浓度在1.25~1.57 g/L之间，茶皂素纯度为95%。     

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水的治理技术

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)是十分重要的化工中间体,其下游产品较多。江苏某化工厂开发生产乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品三十多个,年生产规模三万多吨,是国内以乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)为中间体生产精细化学品的综合骨干企业。针对乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水特点,该厂结合企业实际,开展了产品优化,结构调整,清洁生产,资源循环利用,节水降耗等工作,从源头削减了污染物的生产。同时投资二千多万元新建预处理装置三套,6000m3/d废水生化处理装置一套,使全厂乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品的废水得到了有效的治理。     

几种乙炔加压设备性能的比较

阐述并比较了几种加压设备在乙炔加压清净过程中的性能和特点。     

三种煤样燃烧热的测定

本文通过三个厂家提供的三种煤样燃烧热的测定,由测定结果综合得出3号煤样燃烧最完全、燃烧热也最大,是三个煤样中最好的一种。     

Semi-empirical equation of state of metals. Equation of state of aluminum

A semi-empirical equation of state for metals is described. Its capabilities are demonstrated by the example of the equation of state for aluminum. New experimental data are presented on the location of the isentrope of aluminum for unloading from the state at p = 229.71 GPa on the shock adiabat to an aerogel (SiO₂) of density 0.08 g/cm³. __________ Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 61–75, March–April, 2008.     

小议汽车涂装工艺设计对涂装成本的影响

论述了涂装工艺设计对涂装设备投资、涂装生产成本的影响。     

水泥水化热测定方法综述

水泥水化热是中、低热水泥和核电工程用水泥的一项关键的技术指标。全球范围内测定水泥水化热的方法有溶解法、直接法/半绝热法、等温传导量热法三种。本文总结了中、美、欧相关方法标准,对其测试原理、仪器设备、试验过程等方面进行了比对,并对其在领域的应用做了简单的概括。     

Measurement of the gradient of viscosity with composition of mixtures of non-ideal gases

A perturbation viscometer is a differential capillary viscometer that measures the logarithmic viscosity gradient of the viscosity-composition curve for gas mixtures. Measurements are made at different gas mixture compositions. Integration of the logarithmic viscosity gradients measured over the full composition range gives the mixture viscosity relative to the viscosity of one of the pure components of the gas mixture. This method is attractive because, for measurements of equal precision, integration of the gradients is potentially an order of magnitude more precise than measurement of the viscosities directly. It can also work at high and low temperatures and perhaps high pressures.The perturbation viscometer has been used to make measurements on ideal gas mixtures at ambient and elevated temperatures. The situation is more complicated when the gas mixtures are non-ideal. Extra effects due to density differences, molar volume change on mixing and differential thermal expansion may be measured in addition to the desired viscosity change producing systematic errors in the results. Thus, a more sophisticated apparatus is required. The standard perturbation viscometer has been modified to separate out the extra effects to permit measurement of the true change in viscosity. In addition, the theoretical operation of the modified apparatus has been revised to account for the design changes to permit calculation of the viscosity-composition profiles from the results.The apparatus has been tested using helium-HFC-125 mixtures and two new viscosity-composition profiles are presented for these mixtures at 23 and . Internal consistency tests have been used to confirm that the data produced are of high quality with an estimated uncertainty in the viscosity ratio data at of 0.9% and at of 1.5%.     

Calorimetric and Computational Study of Enthalpy of Formation of Diperoxide of Cyclohexanone

A thermochemical rather simple experimental technique is applied to determine the enthalpy of formation of Diperoxide of ciclohexanone. The study is complemented with suitable theoretical calculations at the semiempirical and ab initio levels. A particular satisfactory agreement between both ways is found for the ab initio calculation at the 6–311G basis This set level. Some possible extensions of the present procedure are pointed out.     

塔设备改造选型的分析

就当前扩产增容中塔设备设计和改造时板式塔和填料塔的选型问题加以分析。在评述目前国内常用的几种塔板和新型填料之后，着重介绍一种新型塔板（导向梯形浮阀塔板）和一种新型填料（波环填料——乾隆帕克）。     

Effect of degree of deacetylation of chitin on the properties of chitin crystallites

In the present article, chitin from crab shell was systematically deacetylated using a NaOH treatment with control of the reaction time. The degree of deacetylation, monitored using solid-state NMR, revealed that the reaction was pseudo-first order. Based on this, swollen and NaOH-saturated particles are proposed as the reaction system. The weight loss of the partially saponified and neutralized samples after HCl hydrolysis increased linearly with the degree of deacetylation. The crystallinity of the samples was found to increase after acid hydrolysis. According to conductimetric titration, the surface charge density of the crystallites, after acid hydrolysis, was found to increase with base treatment time. The effect of surface charge on the formation of a chiral nematic phase, due to the rodlike nature of the crystallites, was explored. These results show that because the contribution of charged particles to the ionic strength was significant the double layer compression was affected, especially since the surface charge density was close to the Manning limit. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 65:373–380, 1997