渤海S油田大斜度井定位封堵技术实验研究

针对S油田D区块非均质性强、长期注水冲刷引起水窜等问题,开展定位封窜高阻力泡沫组合调剖的室内实验研究.评价泡沫段塞长度、注入时机以及作用距离对调剖效果的影响.结果表明:为保证泡沫段塞的连续性推进,优选单一段塞长度在0.2～0.4 PV;泡沫/活性水/泡沫交替注入能够更好地扩大泡沫的波及体积,提升调剖效果;注入时机对组合调剖阶段的采收率效果影响明显,但对最终采收率基本没有影响;改变调剖体系的注入位置,可以有效提高最终采收率,调剖体系单独定位至前缘线(油藏深部)时驱油效果较好,施工风险低.     

强化分散体系提高采收率影响因素研究

根据渤海地区稠油油田储层地质和流体特征以及现阶段开发现状,以BZ25-1S油田储层和流体为实验对象,开展了原油黏度、药剂浓度和驱替方式对驱油效果影响实验研究。结果表明,随原油黏度增加,水驱或调驱增油降水效果变差;与水驱相比较,"调剖+水驱"可以较大幅度扩大波及体积和提高采收率。与单独调剖相比较,采取"调剖剂+强化分散体系"注入段塞组合,不仅可以扩大波及体积,而且能够提高洗油效率,采收率增幅进一步提高。     

文25东块微球乳液调驱室内模拟研究

针对中原油田文25东块含水率高及采收率低的问题,进行了微球乳液调驱的室内模拟研究。考察了段塞注入量、段塞组合方式、注入速率及注入浓度对采收率提高值的影响。最终确定了最佳注入方案,浓度为0.3%表面活性剂与0.5%聚合物微球乳液以1:1交替注入,段塞注入量为0.5 PV,注入速率为0.5 mL/min。     

强化分散体系提高稠油油藏采收率影响因素实验研究

针对LD5-2油田储层特征及流体性质,以强化分散体系提高采收率幅度为研究指标,通过室内实验模拟,得出稠油强化分散提高采收率的影响因素。结果表明,稠油油藏单靠增加药剂浓度增油效果十分有限,而在注入强化分散体系前采取调剖措施后,强化分散体系可使采收率明显增加;油井吞吐注入速度或注液压差大小应当与储层物性和流体性质相适应,本次实验最佳注入速度和注入液压差约为0.3 m L/min和0.25 MPa;采取"堵水剂+强化分散体系"措施组合方式可以取得更好增油降水效果。     

S区块一类油层聚驱后强碱区块深度调剖技术研究与应用

聚驱后一类油层采出程度高、优势渗流通道大面积发育、剩余油分布零散、挖潜难度大。本文以S区块聚驱后井网加密三元复合驱试验区为例,为提高油层动用程度、降低优势渗流通道吸液比例,结合注采井动、静态资料,确定了聚驱后深度调剖选井、选层原则;通过室内实验,筛选出耐碱颗粒调剖剂和多元络合凝胶型调剖剂,并确定了段塞组合方式;现场实施后,调剖井平均单井注入压力上升2.3MPa,注入剖面得到改善,连通油井综合含水下降1.3个百分点。     

大庆油田聚驱调剖井选取及效果分析

随着三次采油规模的不断扩大,注聚剖面调整实聚驱开发的主要工作。调剖是为提高油田采收率,改变油层动用状况而开展的措施,其主要目的是堵塞油层大空隙层,提高中低渗透层的吸水能力,使注入剖面得到合理的调整,通过对南七-杏一区西部聚驱注聚不同时期的井区开发调剖措施,可以有效控制井区低效无效循环,达到增油降水的效果,本文主要从单井调剖层的选择,调剖效果分析等方面阐述,说明调剖技术的应用。     

二类油层聚驱前置段塞大小合理性分析

聚驱实践结果表明,注聚初期注入高浓度前置段塞,可以有效地起到聚驱前调整吸水剖面、扩大波及体积的作用,从而进一步提高聚合物驱采收率。本文通过开展二类油层聚驱前置段塞合理性分析,针对井组内油、水井油层沉积特征、发育特点、连通状况及连通层段渗透率情况,研究二类油层聚驱前置段塞大小的合理性,充分发挥聚合物的调驱作用,达到最大程度提高采收率的目的。     

二类油层不同聚合物体系驱油效果研究

为了在降低二类油层聚驱成本、提高聚驱效率、改善开发效果上取得新突破,需要深入研究二类油层聚驱效果。本文通过实验确定了不同油层可注入的最大聚合物体积;研究了不同聚合物体系提高采收率幅度,给出了不同油层条件下最佳注聚体系,为二类油层聚合物驱开发方案编制、指标预测及注采跟踪调整提供依据,最终提高二类油层聚驱采收率。     

稠油区深部调剖技术的应用

本文针对稠油油藏在注水开发过程中自然递减幅度大、含水上升较快的问题,提出利用水膨体堵剂、分段塞注入工艺在此类油藏中实施大剂量深部调剖。通过对坨28断块西南稠油区实施深部调剖试验的做法进行总结、对调剖效果进行分析,我们认为该项技术对控制稠油油藏的自然递减、提高最终采收率具有可行性。     

聚驱后小井距高浓度聚驱油层动用状况分析

一类油层在常规聚驱后渗透率级差增大,高水淹比例增加幅度大,易出现单层突进,增加了剖面控制难度,为探索聚驱后提高采收率方法,在北东块开展小井距高浓度试验,试验优选了注入方案并结合综合措施调整,在纵向上控制了小层突破,使剖面动用更加均衡,针对不同时期渗透率、厚度分析得出油层动用比例在84%以上,实现了聚驱后含水再次下降了5.7个百分点,阶段提高采收率6.2个百分点的好效果     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。