具有开关电容的隔离型交错并联Boost变换器

提出一种具有开关电容的隔离型交错并联Boost变换器。由于开关电容的存在,此变换器的变压器可交替工作在反激与正激模态,从而将部分输出能量存储在开关电容中,因此,这种变换器的功率等级有了一定提高,磁芯的体积可有效减小。开关电容内在的倍压能力提高了电路的电压增益,因此降低了变压器的匝比和副边二极管的电压应力。开关电容的充放电平衡使得输出各相之间的电流自动均衡。开关管的非对称连接方式,使得并联运行的2个支路只需要一个有源钳位电路就可吸收2个变压器原边的漏感能量,因此,主开关管和钳位管都实现了零电压开通和零电压关断。由于二极管的电流下降率受到变压器漏感的限制,因此反向恢复问题得到抑制。一台1 kW 48 V/380 V的实验样机的实验结果验证了理论分析的有效性。     

一种桥型副边LC谐振变换器及其建模和设计

提出了一种零电流开关(ZCS)的谐振变换器,变压器副边采用倍压结构,由谐振电容和变压器漏感组成的LC谐振可实现电路中能量的传递。电路采用调频工作,开关频率小于谐振频率,使得开关管和二极管都能获得ZCS。原边开关管电压应力取决于原边电路结构,副边二极管只承受输出电压。详细分析了各工作模式,基于基波分析法推导了电路的电压增益与频率比m、漏感系数h以及品质因数Q的关系,表明了变压器副边绕组可以比传统设计减半。针对在车载逆变器样机的应用,对该电路提出了一种高效的设计方案。最后,建立了一个21~28V输入/额定功率600W的逆变样机,实验波形及较高的变换效率验证了电路的正确性及设计方案的可行性。     

一种适用于高压输出的软开关多谐振直流变流器

将倍压整流技术和LLC多谐振变流器结合起来,构造出倍压整流LLC多谐振变流器.该变流器的变压器结构简单,副边只需要一个绕组;输出电容电压应力是输出电压的一半,无需额外的均压电路;只需要两个整流二极管,二极管的电压应力等于输出电压,电流应力等于输出电流,所以该变流器非常适合用于高压输出中小功率的DC/DC电源.另外,该变流器的所有功率半导体器件都工作于软开关状态,所以适用于高频高功率密度的场合.详细分析了该变流器的工作原理,软开关过程,输出电容的自动均压机理,并给出了关键的参数设计方法,采用该变流器技术的500V输出直流电源的实验结果验证了以上分析的正确性,满载效率达92.3%.     

一种谐振型推挽式直流变换器

通过在变压器副边串联LC谐振器件,在谐振频率高于2倍开关频率时,电路能实现功率MOSFET的零电压开通和零电流关断,以及副边续流二极管的零电流关断。描述了电路软开关实现的具体过程。针对副边LC谐振过程中特有的n周期谐振现象,探索了其形成机理,推导了n周期谐振下输出电压、负载电阻及谐振电容电压之间的解析公式关系,归纳得到了变换器输出电压与输出电阻、输出电流之间的特性曲线,进而阐述了电路的应用范围及设计特点。最后制作了一台实验室样机,样机最多可工作在4周期谐振模式下,对不同负载、不同周期谐振工作状态的电路波形进行测试,验证了电路工作原理。     

逆变器前端倍压LC谐振推挽式直流变换器

提出了一种零电流开关(ZCS)的推挽式直流变换器。变压器的副边采用倍压电路结构,利用倍压电路中的电容和变压器漏感实现LC谐振来传递能量。电路采用调频工作,开关频率小于谐振频率,使得开关管和二极管都能获得ZCS,二极管只承受输出电压。各工作模式被详细分析。推导了电路的电压增益与频率比m、励磁电感/漏感比h以及品质因数Q的关系,表明了变压器副边绕组可以比传统设计减半。针对在一个车载逆变器样机的应用,指出了该推挽电路的设计方法。对一个600 W逆变器样机测试表明,整机最高效率达到91.5%。实验波形也验证了工作原理分析正确。     

一种用耦合电感实现零电压零电流开关的移相全桥变换器

在高压大功率场合,通常用IGBT作为开关器件。由于其关断的电流拖尾现象,IGBT零电流关断能有效减小开关损耗。提出一种新型移相全桥零电压零电流开关(ZVZCS)方案,通过1个双绕组的耦合电感和2个二极管实现滞后臂开关管在宽负载范围的零电流关断(ZCS)。所增加的二极管可以实现软开关,耦合电感的漏感并不会对增加的二极管产生附加的电压应力。为减小耦合电感的励磁电流对ZCS的影响,通过在所增加的2个二极管上各并联一个小电容,在不增大耦合电感尺寸的条件下增加复位电压的作用时间,保证滞后臂开关管的ZCS。在理论分析的基础上进行了计算机仿真,并设计了一台开关频率为68 k Hz、输出为100 V/10 A的样机进行实验验证。仿真和实验结果证明了所提方案的有效性。     

一种适用于光伏并网发电系统的高增益ZVT交错并联Boost变换器

本文提出了一种新型的有源交错并联ZVT软开关电路，该电路是在普通交错并联Boost变换器的基础上增加耦合电感绕组和有源箝位辅助单元形成。耦合电感绕组的引入扩展了变换器的电压增益和减小了开关管的电压应力，因此减小了开关管导通损耗。耦合电感的漏感限制了输出二极管关断电流的下降率，抑止了二极管的反向恢复，大大减小了反向恢复电流引起的损耗。有源辅助开关和吸收电容组成的辅助电路吸收并无损的转移了漏感能量，消除了主开关管上的电压尖峰。在整个开关周期内，主管和辅助管都是零电压开关，大大减小了开关损耗。最后，设计了一台40V输入、380V输出的1kW试验样机。仿真和试验结果表明，所有的功率器件均为软开关工作，本电路特别适用于光伏发电系统中低电压输入、高电压输出的前段变换。     

高效率准谐振Buck变换器设计与研究

电感电流临界连续工作模式(BCM)Buck变换器,在电感电流下降到零时,输出滤波电感和开关管并联电容谐振即准谐振(Quasi Resonant)(QR)。在开关管两端电压谐振到零的时候开通开关管,则可以实现零电压零电流开通(ZVS/ZCS)。本文通过详细分析输出电感与开关管并联电容的谐振过程,得出开关管两端电压为零的时间,并且通过设计延时电路,以保证输入电压变化时依然能够实现零电压和零电流开通(ZVS/ZCS)。在开关管关断时由于开关管两端并联了谐振电容,可近似认为是零电压关断。而且Buck变换器工作于BCM模式时输出滤波电感体积小,动态响应速度变快,二极管自然关断,没有反向恢复损耗。最后设计了一台3kW的原理样机,最高效率可以达到98.7%。     

一种双CLT谐振软开关直流变换器设计与实现

提出了一种双CLT谐振软开关直流变换器。通过采用双变压器结构,变换器的电压增益曲线不仅具有两个谐振频率点,还具有一个独特的谐振零点,极大地拓宽了输出电压范围,使得输出电压在零至额定值范围内灵活可调。变换器可以在全负载范围内实现开关管零电压开通、二极管准零电流开通和零电流关断;在半载至额定负载范围内实现开关管准零电流关断,在轻载时限制关断损耗,变换器的关断损耗得到有效抑制。同时,在双CLT结构中,两个变压器的一次侧漏感可以作为谐振电感的一部分,削弱了漏感给电路带来的不利影响。最后,设计了一台1k W的样机,其最高效率可达95.3%,实验结果证明了理论分析的可靠性。     

副边双谐振软开关全桥直流变压器研究

提出了一种副边双谐振软开关全桥直流变压器(SDR-FB DCX)。其原边利用励磁电感储存能量在全负载范围内实现了开关管的零电压开关,同时副边采用谐振电路,实现了整流二极管的零电流关断,从而减小开通损耗和反向恢复损耗,提高了SDR-FB DCX的效率。SDR-FB DCX消除了整流二极管的电压尖峰与振荡,将整流二极管电压箝位于输出电压,减小了整流二极管的电压应力。详细分析了SDR-FB DCX的工作模态及稳态特性,分析结果表明其输入/输出电压增益比表现为直流变压器的工作特性,电压增益比与负载、开关频率和占空比无关。给出了SDR-FB DCX软开关的实现条件。最后通过搭建一台1 kW、400 V/48 V的实验样机,验证了理论分析的正确性。     

基于IPOS双LLC谐振变换器的恒压恒流充电研究

针对充电拓扑存在开关工作频率范围过宽的问题,提出了一种适用于蓄电池充电的IPOS双LLC谐振变换器,并针对其恒压恒流输出特性展开了研究。所提变换器包含两组LLC谐振腔,通过辅助开关管S的开闭改变其中一组谐振电容参数,从而实现变换器的恒压和恒流输出转换。恒压恒流模式下所提变换器均定频工作：在恒压模式(S闭合),两组谐振腔工作在LC串联谐振点处;在恒流模式(S断开),一组谐振腔工作在LLC谐振点处实现恒流输出而另一组仍恒压输出。所提变换器实现软开关的同时实现了原边开关管和副边整流二极管的复用,并详细介绍了其工作原理、电压电流增益、设计方法和控制方案。最后,通过实验和仿真验证了所提变换器的可行性。     

LLC resonant DC–DC converter with series‐connected primary windings of transformer

This paper proposes a zero‐voltage switching (ZVS) LLC resonant step up DC–DC converter with series‐connected primary windings of the transformer. The series resonant inverter in the proposed topology has two power switches (MOSFETs), two resonant capacitors, two resonant inductors, and only one transformer with center‐tapped primary windings. The power switches are connected in the form of a half‐bridge network. Resonant capacitors and inductors along with the primary windings of the transformer form two series resonant circuits. The series resonant circuits are fed alternately by operating the power switches with an interleaved half switching cycle. The secondary winding of transformer is connected to a bridge rectifier circuit to rectify the output voltage. The converter operates within a narrow frequency range below the resonance frequency to achieve ZVS, and its output power is regulated by pulse frequency modulation. The converter has lower conduction and switching losses and therefore higher efficiency. The experimental results of a 500‐W prototype of proposed converter are presented. The results confirm the good operation and performance of the converter. © 2014 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Analysis and Implementation of an Interleaved ZVS Converter with High Input Voltage

An interleaved half‐bridge converter is presented for high input voltage application. The features of the proposed converter are zero voltage switching (ZVS) turn‐on for all active switches, ripple current reduction at output side, load current sharing and load voltage regulation. Two half‐bridge converters connected in series and two split capacitors are used to limit the voltage stress of each power switch at one‐half of input DC bus voltage. Thus, active switches with low voltage stress can be used at high input voltage application. On the other hand, the output sides of two half‐bridge converters are connected in parallel to share the load current and reduce the current stresses of the secondary windings and the rectifier diodes. Since two half‐bridge converters are operated with interleaved pulse‐width modulation (PWM), the output ripple current can partially cancel each other such that the resultant ripple current at output side is reduced and the size of output inductors can be reduced. In each half‐bridge converter, asymmetrical PWM scheme is used to regulate the output voltage. Based on the resonant behavior by the output capacitance of MOSFETs and the leakage inductance (or external inductance) of transformers, active switches can be turned on at ZVS during the transition interval. Thus, the switching losses of power MOSFETs are reduced. The proposed converter can be applied for high input voltage applications such as three‐phase 380‐V utility system. Finally, experiments based on a laboratory prototype with 960‐W rated power are provided to demonstrate the performance of proposed converter. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Zero-current Switching Series Resonant High-voltage DC-DC Converter with Series-connected Primary Windings of Center-tapped Transformer

Abstract—This article proposes a novel zero-current switching series resonant inverter-fed voltage multiplier based high-voltage DC-DC converter. The series resonant inverter in the proposed topology has two power switches (insulated-gate bipolar transistors), two resonant capacitors, and only one high-voltage transformer with center-tapped primary windings. The power switches are connected in the form of a half-bridge network. The leakage inductances of the transformer's primary windings together with resonant capacitors form two series resonant circuits. The series resonant circuits are fed alternately by operating power switches with an interleaved half-switching cycle. The secondary winding of the high-voltage transformer is connected to a voltage multiplier circuit to rectify and boost the voltage. The converter operates in discontinuous conduction mode, and its output voltage is regulated by pulse-frequency modulation. Therefore, all the power switches turn ON and OFF at the zero-current switching condition. The main features of the proposed converter are lower power loss, less cost, and smaller size compared to previously proposed series resonant high-voltage DC-DC converters. The experimental results of a 130-W prototype of the proposed converter are presented both for dynamic and steady-state operation. The results confirm the excellent operation and performance of the converter.     

Soft switching DC/DC converter with high voltage gain and less current ripple

A new soft switching three‐level converter with two DC/DC circuits in the primary side and current double rectifiers in the secondary side is presented to realize the zero‐voltage switching operation, reduce the transformer secondary winding turns and the output current ripple, and lessen the voltage rating of rectifier diodes. Two DC/DC pulse‐width modulation circuits sharing same power switches with interleaved half switching cycle are adopted in the proposed converter to reduce the current rating of transformer primary windings. Two inductors and four diodes are adopted in the secondary side to achieve current double rectifier, reduce output ripple current, and decrease the transformer secondary winding turns. Based on the pulse‐width modulation scheme, the power switchers can be turned on at zero‐voltage switching operation. Laboratory experiments with a 1.44 kW prototype are provided to verify the theoretical analysis. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Analysis and Experimental Validation of an Interleaved LLC Resonant Converter with Reduced Component Count

This paper presents an interleaved LLC resonant half-bridge DC-DC converter with lesser component count. Unlike most of the conventional interleaved LLC resonant converters, the proposed converter uses only one power transformer having two primary windings and one secondary winding. The primary windings of the transformer are fed in parallel via dual resonant tanks by operating the power switches of half-bridge network with interleaved half-switching cycle. Due to parallel feeding, core magnetization current divides equally between primary windings. Consequently, the effective value of magnetization inductance seen at each primary winding becomes twofold of the measured value. An equivalent circuit of converter is derived to validate this phenomenon. The gain characteristics of the equivalent circuit indicate that the maximum gain of converter occurs at relatively lower switching frequency than the conventional two power transformers-based interleaved LLC converters. Consequently, the proposed converter will have same operational characteristics at half magnetizing inductance. The validity of developed equivalent circuit and operational principle and performance of converter are confirmed by both simulation and experimental results of a 1000-W prototype. The experimental results show that for an input voltage of 400 V, converter has maximum efficiency of 96.24% at output power of 1000 W.     

一种多模式变频宽输出LLC变换器

针对新能源领域对开关变换器具有宽电压增益范围的要求,提出一种多模式变频宽输出LLC变换器.该变换器原边为全桥结构,副边整流器为两级倍压结构,通过控制副边开关管的导通与截止,具有3种不同的电路模式,其增益比为1:2:4.各种模式对应不同的输出电压等级,采用变频控制方式,变换器可以实现50～430 V的宽输出电压范围.多种...     

Hybrid DC–DC converter with high efficiency,wide ZVS range,and less output inductance

In this paper, a new soft switching direct current (DC)–DC converter with low circulating current, wide zero voltage switching range, and reduced output inductor is presented for electric vehicle or plug‐in hybrid electric vehicle battery charger application. The proposed high‐frequency link DC–DC converter includes two resonant circuits and one full‐bridge phase‐shift pulse‐width modulation circuit with shared power switches in leading and lagging legs. Series resonant converters are operated at fixed switching frequency to extend the zero voltage switching range of power switches. Passive snubber circuit using one clamp capacitor and two rectifier diodes at the secondary side is adopted to reduce the primary current of full‐bridge converter to zero during the freewheeling interval. Hence, the circulating current on the primary side is eliminated in the proposed converter. In the same time, the voltage across the output inductor is also decreased so that the output inductance can be reduced compared with the output inductance in conventional full‐bridge converter. Finally, experiments are presented for a 1.33‐kW prototype circuit converting 380 V input to an output voltage of 300–420 V/3.5 A for battery charger applications. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

复合式全桥三电平LLC谐振变换器

该文提出了一种适合于燃料电池供电系统新颖的复合式全桥三电平LLC谐振变换器。它是在复合式全桥三电平变换器的基础上加入了LLC谐振网路以实现开关管ZVS和整流二极管ZCS。该变换器集合了复合式全桥三电平变换器和LLC谐振变换器的优点：适合于在宽输入电压范围的应用场合；三点平桥臂的开关管电压应力只有输入电压的一半；整流二极管实现ZCS，其电压应力仅为输出电压；可以在全负载范围内实现ZVS。该文通过一个200－400V输入，360V/4A输出的原理样机验证了它的工作原理，并给出实验结果。     

副边电压应力最小化的LLC谐振型变换器拓扑

提出一种副边电压应力最小化的LLC谐振变流器拓扑,该拓扑除了具有传统LLC谐振变流器拓扑原边开关容易实现全范围的ZVS、副边二极管容易实现ZCS、谐振电感和变压器容易实现磁集成、宽范围等优点外还具有副边二极管的电压应力以及副边电容的电压应力均为输出电压的一半的优点。所以该拓扑非常适合应用于高压输出的直流电源中。文中详细分析了该变流器的演化过程、工作原理和关键参数的设计方法。最后以一个1100W的实验样机验证了该拓扑的可靠性和实用性。样机的满载效率达到96％以上。