310S耐热不锈钢高温循环氧化性能

研究了310S耐热不锈钢在800、900、1000、1100、1200℃时高温循环氧化性能,采用SEM、XRD、EDS对高温循环氧化生成物进行分析。实验结果表明:1000℃以下时,钢的氧化速率较为缓慢,当温度达到1200℃时其氧化速率急剧增加。310S耐热不锈钢高温循环氧化产物分为3层,外层是FeO·Cr2O3和尖晶石结构的MnCr2O4,中间为Cr2O3,内层为SiO2氧化膜,这种结构是其具有良好耐高温氧化性能的主要原因。     

00Cr25Ni22Mo2N奥氏体不锈钢的高温氧化行为

采用静态增重法研究了00Cr25Ni22Mo2N奥氏体不锈钢在不同温度下的循环氧化动力学曲线.结果表明,00Cr25Ni22Mo2N不锈钢在700℃时的氧化动力学曲线是一条平行于时间轴的直线,这说明其在该温度下氧化反应非常微弱;在800和900℃时的氧化动力学曲线遵循抛物线氧化规律,具有良好的抗氧化性能.利用扫描电镜、能谱分析和X射线衍射对氧化膜的表面形貌、截面形貌和相组成进行研究,发现该钢在3个温度下都生成了致密和黏附性好的保护性氧化膜,700℃生成的氧化膜主要由Cr2O3和Fe2O3组成,氧化膜很薄;800℃生成的氧化膜由Cr2O3、Fe2O3和少量的NiCr2O4、FeCr2O4组成,氧化膜厚度增加;900℃生成的氧化膜由Cr2O3、Fe2O3和NiCr2O4组成,氧化膜厚度进一步增加.认为氧化膜组成和结构是00Cr25Ni22Mo2N不锈钢具有良好抗高温氧化性能的重要原因.     

Dy对NiAl-31Cr-3Mo合金循环氧化性能的影响

研究了稀土元素Dy对NiAl-31Cr-3Mo合金在1300和1400K空气中的循环氧化行为的影响。结果表明：稀土元素Dy的添加显著提高了基体合金的抗循环氧化性能。X射线衍射与SEM分析表明：基体合金表面氧化膜主要由α-Al2O3构成，并含有少量的Cr2O3，而添加稀土元素Dy后，合金表面形成了单一的α-Al2O3氧化膜，在氧化膜与基体合金之间形成一层富Cr相，大大提高了氧化膜的粘附性，从而提高了合金的抗循环氧化性。采用EDAX分析研究了合金表面氧化产物的微观组织及成分，并从合金相组成探讨了稀土元素Dy提高基体NiAl-31Cr-3Mo合金的抗循环氧化性能的机制。     

低铬和中铬含钛铁素体不锈钢高温氧化行为

通过对低铬（409L）和中铬（439）含钛铁素体不锈钢在900 ℃下空气中开展恒温氧化试验,获得了两种钢的氧化动力学曲线,并结合EPMA、SEM和XRD等方法对氧化皮的结构进行了分析。结果表明,409L和439氧化动力学曲线均遵从抛物线规律,但409L抛物线速度常数远高于439;409L氧化80 h后氧化层结构由外侧Fe2O3和内侧(Fe,Cr,Mn)3O4复合尖晶石组成;439氧化80 h后氧化层外侧则由Cr2O3和(Cr,Mn)3O4尖晶石组成,内侧为一层SiO2,基体内还伴有钛的内氧化;较高的铬含量能保证TiO2内氧化颗粒稳定存在,而TiO2内氧化颗粒阻止离子迁移,显著降低氧化速度。     

温度对耐热不锈钢310S氧化膜断面及基体的影响

对奥氏体耐热不锈刚310S在800、1 000、1 200℃下氧化140 h形成的氧化膜断面及基体进行能谱分析。结果发现:随着温度的升高,氧化膜厚度增加;氧化膜都由Mn、Cr和Si的氧化物组成,Mn、Cr的氧化物分布在氧化膜最外层,Si的氧化物分布在内层;同时,当温度升高到1 200℃时,基体发生了严重的Si内氧化,导致奥氏体耐热不锈刚310S抗氧化性降低。     

Nb对铸造双相耐热钢高温氧化的影响

摘要：为探究Nb对双相耐热钢高温抗氧化性能的影响规律，采用扫描电镜、能谱分析和XRD等分析测试手段研究了1000和1100℃下含Nb双相耐热钢高温氧化性能。结果表明，双相耐热钢氧化层结构为氧化外层(MnCr2O4)→氧化内层(Cr2O3)→Si的内氧化层；Nb的加入加速双相耐热钢的表层氧化膜生长，降低了其抗氧化性能；随着Nb含量的增加，表层基体内部形成富Nb相，促进Si的沿晶界氧化而抑制Si的界面氧化，Cr2O3层和Si的内氧化层厚度均增加。在对高温抗氧化性能要求高的情况下，本双相耐热钢中Nb的质量分数应控制在0.8%以下。     

CaO-SiO2-FeO-Cr2O3-MgO-MnO渣系物相组成的热力学计算

摘要：在含铬铁水转炉冶炼过程中,Cr很容易被氧化成Cr2O3进入渣中,并与渣中其他成分反应生成高熔点含铬尖晶石。采用FactSage热力学软件计算了CaO-SiO2-FeO-Cr2O3-MgO-MnO转炉渣系在冶炼温度1300～1700℃下的物相组成,研究了Cr2O3、FeO和碱度对炉渣中尖晶石相含量的影响规律。研究结果表明,温度和渣系成分都会影响炉渣的物相组成。渣系中含有Cr2O3时,物相中均含有MgCr2O4、FeCr2O4和MgFe2O4尖晶石相,尖晶石相的总含量随着Cr2O3和碱度的增加而增加,随着炉温的升高而减少。温度为1300～1500℃时,炉渣中尖晶石含量随着FeO的增加而增加;温度为1500～1700℃时,尖晶石含量随着FeO的增加而略有减少。在温度小于1500℃的转炉冶炼前中期,炉渣物相组成中尖晶石相所占比例较大,易造成化渣不良或者炉渣粘稠,影响转炉冶炼工艺的顺行。     

奥氏体耐热不锈钢309S高温抗氧化性能研究

采用不连续称重法测得了奥氏体耐热不锈钢309S在不同温度下的高温氧化动力学曲线,结果表明309S钢高温氧化动力学曲线遵循抛物线规律.利用扫描电镜、X射线衍射和XPS的方法对氧化膜表面的形貌及化学元素沿氧化膜纵深方向的分布情况进行了研究,发现各温度下的氧化膜均均匀覆盖于基体表面;500℃下氧化膜氧化产物表层主要为Cr2O3和Fe2O3,内层主要为Cr2O3和NiO;1 000℃下氧化膜表层主要成分为Cr2O3、NiO、Fe3O4或Fe2O3,氧化膜内层基本不含NiO,主要为Cr2O3、Fe3O4或Fe2O3.     

GH4720Li合金高温氧化行为研究

采用静态增重法测定了GH4720Li合金在650~900℃的氧化动力学,并利用SEM、EDS和XRD手段分析了不同温度下氧化膜的组成及结构,据此对GH4720Li合金的氧化机制进行了研究。结果表明,GH4720Li合金在900℃以下属完全抗氧化级。750℃以下,GH4720Li合金的氧化速率随温度升高缓慢增加,氧化膜主要由(Cr0.88Ti0.12)2O3和Cr2Ni O4组成;超过750℃,合金的氧化速率显著增加,氧化层主要由(Cr0.88Ti0.12)2O3和Ti O2组成。Ti的含量沿氧化层厚度方向由里向外逐渐增加,而Cr的分布规律正好相反。合金氧化动力学遵循抛物线规律,氧化机制由初始表面生成反应控制转变为扩散机制控制。     

Ti40阻燃钛合金的高温氧化行为

研究了高稳定β型阻燃钛合金Ti40合金在900℃-1050℃温区内氧化时的氧化行为。结果表明：随着温度的升高及时间的延长，试样表面氧化皮由较为平整变化为表面氧化皮严重脱落且基体表面呈现为淡绿色。对该物质进行能谱分析后显示淡绿色物质为TiO2和Cr2O3的混合物。900℃～1000℃的氧化动力学曲线显示，随温度升高氧化增重急剧增加，在温度1000℃～1050℃范围内，试样氧化增重虽仍随时间的增加而增加，但总量有所下降。     

Effects of lanthanum ion-implantation on microstructure of oxide film formed on Co-Cr alloy

Isothermal and cyclic oxidizing behavior of Co-40Cr alloy and its lanthanum ion-implanted samples were studied at 1000 ℃ in the air by thermal-gravimetric analysis （TGA）. Scanning electronic microscopy （SEM） and transmission electronic microscopy （TEM） were used to examine the morphology and structure of oxide film after oxidation. Secondary ion mass spectrum （SIMS） method was used to examine the binding energy change of chromium caused by La-doping and its influence on the formation of Cr2O3 film. laser Raman spectrum was used to examine the stress changes within the oxide film. It was found that lanthanum implantation remarkably reduced isothermal oxidizing rate of Co-40Cr and improved anti-cracking and anti-spalling properties of Cr2O3 oxide film. The reasons for the improvement were mainly that the implanted lanthanum reduced the grain size and internal stress of Cr2O3 oxide and increased high temperature plasticity of the oxide film. Lanthanum mainly existed on the outer surface of Cr2O3 oxide film in the form of fine La2O3 and LaCrO3 spinel particles.     

06Cr25Ni20氧化铁皮演变及机制探讨

工业生产的06Cr25Ni20钢卷经过不同温度、不同时间氧化,通过SEM、XRD检测分析发现:在800～900℃/20h下,生成Cr2O3和MnCr2O4氧化层,随着氧化时间延长,在120 h时形成最外面为MnCr2O4尖晶石结构,中间为Cr2O3,最里面为SiO2的3层氧化皮结构,在140h时,氧化层中间层大量Cr2...     

Effect of solution treatment on structure of oxide scales for 2205 duplex stainless steel

The oxide scales of 2205 duplex stainless steel plates were studied at hot- rolled state and solid- solution state by SEM, XRD and EDS. The oxide scales on the surface of 2205 duplex stainless steel are composed of a variety of oxides, such as Fe2O3, Cr2O3, FeO??Cr2O3 and NiO??Fe2O3 with spinel structure. After the solution treatment, the oxide scales on the surface changed, in the meantime, the oxidation occurred in the stainless steel substrate. The content of Cr, Ni, Mo increased in the oxides contacting with the substrate, in addition, the distribution of Cr and Ni was more evenly in the oxide scales. The content of Si, Mo increased significantly in the contacting part with the substrate. The surface of the steel plate was formed by a certain outside- in hierarchical oxide phase of Fe, Mo, Ni, Cr and Si. The stability and complexity of the oxide film increased, so it was more difficult to be removed by acid pickling.     

High-Temperature Oxidation Resistance of Austenitic Stainless Steel Crl8Nil 1Cu3Al3MnNb

 The kinetic curve of the high-temperature oxidation of austenitic stainless steel Cr18Ni11Cu3Al3MnNb at different temperatures was measured by weighting method. It is showed that the oxidation curves at 700 and 800 ℃ followed the parabolic law, and the steel presented an excellent anti-oxidation. The surface morphology and structure of the oxide film were studied by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction methods. A dense oxide film was attained at 700 and 800 ℃, mainly composed of the hexagonal Al2O3, Fe2O3, and a small amount oxide of Cr at 700 ℃. At 900 ℃ the oxide film started to delaminate, and was composed of (Cr,Fe)2O3 and the spinel CuCrMnO4 and Fe(Cr,Al)2O4.     

高铬铸钢轧辊的组织及其氧化行为

轧辊氧化膜形成及剥落显著影响轧辊的辊耗及钢板的表面质量。为控制轧辊的氧化行为,采用增重法研究离心铸造高铬铸钢轧辊在大气及水蒸气环境中的氧化行为,并采用金相显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)等方法研究了高铬铸钢组织及氧化膜的结构。结果表明,高铬铸钢组织为回火马氏体基体和共晶Cr7C3碳化物;氧化过程中基体优先被氧化,粗大碳化物表面几乎不被氧化;温度及环境对氧化膜生长及相结构都有一定的影响,高温及水蒸气环境加速氧化,并促进γ Fe2O3向γ Fe3O3转化。因此,控制轧辊的氧化,关键是控制轧辊的使用温度。     

Influence of Nanometric Ceria Coating on Oxidation Behavior of Chromium at 900 ℃

Isothermal and cyclic oxidation behaviors of chromium samples with and without nanometric CeO2 coating were studied at 900 ℃ in air. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and high-resolution electron microscopy (HREM) were used to examine the morphology and microstructure of the oxide film. It was found that ceria coating greatly improved the oxidation resistance of Cr both in isothermal and cyclic oxidizing experiments. Acoustic emission (AE) technique was used in situ to monitor the cracking and spalling of oxide film, and AE signals were analyzed in time-domain and number-domain according to related oxide fracture model. Laser Raman spectrometer was also used to study the stress of oxide film formed on Cr with and without ceria. The improvement in oxidation resistance of chromium is believed mainly due to that ceria greatly reduced the growth speed and grain size of Cr2O3. This fine-grained Cr2O3 oxide film might have better high temperature plasticity and could relieve parts of the compressive stress by means of creeping and maintained ridge character and relatively lower level of internal stress. Meanwhile, ceria application reduced the size and number of interfacial defects, remarkably enhanced the adhesive property of Cr2O3 oxide scale formed on Cr substrate.