多元合金化新型低合金白口铸铁的组织与性能研究

设计了新型低合金白口铁的显微组织和化学成分，研究了稀土复合处理与热处理对其组织和性能的影响，试验结果表明，它具有良好的综合机械性能。此外，还地ＰＨ＝６的弱酸性砂浆冲蚀磨损机理进行了初步的探讨。     

钛微合金化高强钢的组织性能及强化机制

 为了掌握钛微合金化高强钢的组织性能、第二相粒子特性和析出规律以及强化机制,采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜、拉伸试验机等设备并结合热力学计算,对高强度汽车车厢板进行了系统研究。研究结果表明,试验钢的显微组织类型主要为多边形铁素体+针状铁素体+少量索氏体,平均有效晶粒尺寸约为3.5 μm。钢中存在大量的球形TiC和少量的不规则形状Ti4C2S2及方形TiN析出物,析出顺序为TiN→Ti4C2S2→TiC。第二相析出物以TiC的沉淀强化效果最为显著,TiN和Ti4C2S2的沉淀强化效果十分微弱。试验钢中所有强化方式对试验钢的强度贡献大小顺序为细晶强化＞沉淀强化＞位错强化＞固溶强化＞晶格点阵强化,其中细晶强化和沉淀强化的强化效果最为显著,对屈服强度的贡献超过50%。     

N对V-微合金化钢15MnVq的组织和性能的影响

通过100 kg真空感应炉,分别添加V-N合金和V-Fe合金熔炼成15MnVNq钢(%-0.15C、1.71Mn、0.11V、0.019 ON)和15MnVq钢(%:0.15C、1.72Mn、0.11V、0.003 3N),并轧制成14 mm钢板.试验结果表明,15MnVq钢中加入0.019%的N促进V(C,N)析出和明显细化钢的组织,钢的屈服和抗拉强度分别由393 MPa和578 MPa提高至510 MPa和660 MPa,-20℃冲击功AKV由21.9 J提高到101.8 J;同时加N后明显降低了15MnVq钢的时效敏感性.     

Sb-Ba复合随流孕育对大断面球铁低温冲击性能的影响北大核心CSCD

采用随流孕育的方式向铁液中分别加入普通孕育剂75SiFe和含Sb和Ba孕育剂进行孕育处理,浇注尺寸规格为180 mm×180 mm×200 mm的大断面球墨铸铁试块。运用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、拉力试验机、冲击试验机等检测方法,研究Sb-Ba复合随流孕育对大断面低温球墨铸铁组织和性能的影响。结果表明,与用普通孕育剂75SiFe相比,运用含Sb和Ba复合孕育剂对铁液进行随流孕育能显著改善大断面低温球墨铸铁微观组织和力学性能。该工艺可提高试样的石墨球化级别、改善石墨形态、增加石墨球数量、细化石墨球,可有效避免孕育衰退,使铸件组织和力学性能达到较佳匹配。冲击试验表明,低温韧性得到了明显提高,其(-40℃)冲击功平均值不低于为12 J。     

机械合金化CuRECr合金的显微组织结构及性能分析

利用机械合金化和真空烧结技术制备CuRECr25和CuRECr50合金，讨论了机械合金化不同球磨时间、球料比等工艺参数对合金显微组织结构、物理机械性能，含氧量、含氮量等的影响，并且与CuCr25、CuCr50合金进行了物理机械性能比较。研究结果表明：CuRECr合金组织均匀、细微，具有强度、硬度高等特点，为改进CuCr系电真空接触材料开辟了新途径。     

卷取温度对微合金化含磷钢薄钢板组织和性能的影响

以低碳微合金化含磷钢为研究对象,通过分析热轧态和冷轧退火态的显微组织和力学性能以及退火再结晶动力学行为,研究了卷取温度(600、650、700℃)对微合金化含磷钢组织和性能的影响.研究结果表明,热轧卷取温度对微合金化含磷钢的显微组织和力学性能有显著的影响,随着热轧卷取温度从700℃降低到600℃,试验钢退火再结晶受到明显延迟,再结晶激活能明显提高;卷取温度对热轧态和退火态铁素体晶粒尺寸影响较小,但热轧态强度随着卷取温度降低而提高;随着卷取温度的降低,冷轧退火态的强度提高,且力学性能对退火温度的敏感性增加.     

添加Co,La元素对90W-Ni-Fe合金性能和组织的影响

采用扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线能谱仪（EDS）等，研究在氢气保护、真空烧结条件下添加不同含量的Co、La合金元素对90W-Ni—Fe合金显微组织及性能的影响。结果表明：加入适量的Co、La元素，可以改善粘结相与钨颗粒间的润湿性，La以固溶强化的方式强化钨颗粒及粘结相，从而提高了合金性能。当Co、La元素含量为1．1％（质量分数）时，合金中出现了La的富集与氧的偏析，导致合金性能降低；当添加0．7％的Co、La时，试样强度及伸长率出现极大值，分别为930MPa和24．0％；添加0．5％的Co、La时，试样相对密度出现99．30％的极大值。     

钼微合金化低碳钢的显微组织与力学性能

借助物理模拟系统采用四种不同的多道次变形及控制冷却工艺,研究了成分为0.12C-0.78Si-1.42Mn-0.74Al-0.32Mo钢的显微组织和力学性能.结果显示：使用物理模拟系统进行高温区的多道次热连轧,并结合控制冷却处理,能够得到不同的复相组织（铁素体/贝氏体组织,贝氏体/马氏体组织）.依贝氏体含量和形态的不同,铁素体/贝氏体复相组织钢的屈服强度为388~558 MPa,抗拉强度为681~838 MPa,总延伸率为15%~27%;贝氏体/马氏体复相组织钢的屈服强度为746 MPa,抗拉强度为960 MPa,总延伸率为19%.     

铌钛复合微合金化对含磷冷轧结构钢板组织性能的影响

以低碳含磷钢为研究对象,通过分析不同卷取温度（600、650、700℃）时热轧态和冷轧退火态的显微组织、力学性能及退火再结晶动力学行为,对比研究了微铌（0．02％）处理和铌钛复合微合金化（0．02％Nb＋0．012％Ti）对钢的组织和性能的影响。研究结果表明,与微铌处理钢相比,铌钛复合微合金化钢在600℃卷取时析出物数量更多,在更高温度卷取时熟化速度更快,650℃卷取时即熟化到一定程度。低温（600℃）卷取时,铌钛复合微合金化钢的退火再结晶更难,800℃×30s连续退火可以保证完全再结晶。将温度继续升高至800℃以上,会导致强度下降,在一定程度上影响板卷之间的性能稳定性。     

球化剂稀土含量对大断面球铁石墨组织及低温冲击韧性的影响

选用3种具有不同Ce含量的球化剂FeSiMg6RE2、FeSiMg8RE3和FeSiMg8RE5对铁液进行盖包法处理,球化处理后浇注成180mm×180mm×200mm的球铁试块。通过室温拉伸、光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱分析仪(EDS)和低温冲击试验机等分析手段,研究了稀土元素Ce对大断面低温球铁的石墨组织、力学性能和低温冲击韧性的影响。结果表明:用稀土含量低的球化剂FeSiMg6RE2进行处理,试样的石墨组织细小均匀,石墨形态好,低温冲击韧性高,冲击功平均值约为14.5J;用稀土含量高的球化剂FeSiMg8RE3和FeSiMg8RE5分别进行处理,试样中出现了大面积碎块状石墨等变异组织,低温冲击韧性差,冲击功平均值分别约为6.5和5.1J。能谱分析结果表明:高稀土含量球化剂处理的球铁试样,石墨组织晶界上发生了稀土元素Ce的富集,其质量分数分别约为0.36%和0.42%,这是造成铸件中碎块状石墨等变异组织产生的根本原因,严重恶化了铸件的力学性能。     

Effect of Ce-Mg-Si and Y-Mg-Si nodulizers on the microstructures and mechanical properties of heavy section ductile iron

Effect of Ce-Mg-Si （light RE） and Y-Mg-Si （heavy RE） nodulizers on the microstructures and mechanical properties of heavy section ductile iron was investigated to develop the material of spent-nuclear-fuel containers. Two as-casts were treated by the same quality percentage of light RE and heavy RE, respectively. Four positions were chosen to stand for different solidification cool-ing rates of specimens. The tensile strength, elongation and impact toughness of specimens treated by heavy RE were all higher than those of the specimens treated by light RE. With the decrease of cooling rate, the mechanical properties of two specimens decreased, and the fracture morphology changed from ductile fracture to brittle fracture. The improving effect of mechanical properties between heavy RE and light RE was obvious due to the better anti-degradation property of heavy RE. While the solidification process lasted for more than 250 min, the improving effect was not obvious due to serious spheroidalization decaying.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of copper alloyed austempered grey cast iron

Austempered grey cast iron (AGI) has emerged as a major engineering material in recent years because of its attractive mechanical properties. The main aim of this investigation is to assess the mechanical properties of copper alloyed AGI. Alloyed grey cast iron specimens are subjected to austempering heat treatment at six different temperatures for four different time periods. The resulting microstructures have been evaluated and characterised by means of light microscope and scanning electron microscope and X-Ray diffraction analysis. The microstructural features of AGI such as austenite content and its carbon content have been also found to influence the hardness, tensile properties and elongation. Both duration of the austempering time and the austempering temperature affect the mechanical properties of AGI. The hardness, tensile strength and ductility initially increase, and thereafter it decreases on longer periods of austempering. On the other hand hardness, tensile strength decreases as increasing austempering temperature, while ductility increases. The best combination of hardness 380BHN and strength 332?MPa; observed at 927°C of austenitising and 260°C of austempering temperature for 60?min.     

石墨球对系列冲击温度下球墨铸铁断口作用机制

 为了明确低温用球墨铸铁材料断裂微观机理,针对石墨球对系列温度球墨铸铁冲击断口演变过程的作用机制进行研究。采用SEM、激光共聚焦显微镜等手段系统分析了不同温度下石墨球对球墨铸铁冲击断裂过程的影响。定量断口分析结果表明,与冲击功随温度的变化一致,断口表面粗糙度Sa和空穴扩张比Rc/R0(韧窝与石墨球半径之比)均随温度的下降呈明显降低趋势。随着冲击试验温度的降低,由韧性断裂逐渐过渡到脆性断裂,这种断裂机制的变化导致断面粗糙度指数剧烈下降,空穴扩张比值趋近于1。冲击过程中裂纹总是在石墨 基体界面处发生开裂并沿着石墨 基体界面不断扩展,因此实际生产过程中应该注重改善石墨球与基体界面处组织状态。     

变质处理对耐磨耐蚀铸铁组织及性能的影响

 为了提高材料在水泥混凝土搅拌和输送工况下的使用性能,以新研制的耐磨耐蚀铸铁为对象,采用复合变质处理的方法研究了变质剂加入量对该试验合金铸铁组织、力学性能和耐腐蚀磨损性能的影响。研究结果表明,复合变质处理可以细化耐磨耐蚀铸铁基体组织、消除柱状枝晶,改善碳化物形态、尺寸及分布,使碳化物由变质前的粗大棒条状变为均匀分布的短棒状和颗粒状,消除了粗大片状碳化物对材料基体的危害,使耐磨耐蚀铸铁的性能得到改善。变质剂加入量增加,耐磨耐蚀铸铁的冲击韧度和耐磨耐蚀性能均有较大提高。与变质前相比,加入0.25%和0.50%复合变质剂处理的试验合金铸铁,其冲击韧度和相对耐腐蚀磨损性能分别提高了22.9%、58.3%和16%、23%,基体硬度略有降低,达到了预期效果。     

球墨铸铁曲轴部分奥氏体化工艺

为提高曲轴铸件的综合力学性能,通过连续步进式加热方式对铸态球铁曲轴进行部分奥氏体化正火处理,在球铁基体内获得以珠光体为基体、石墨球周边呈分散状破碎铁素体的组织.研究了正火处理工艺参数对基体中铁素体的形貌、含量及铸件力学性能的影响,发现正火温度对铁素体的含量和破碎状态有显著影响,随铁素体含量的增加,试样的抗拉强度下降,韧性、塑性提高,而且铁素体含量对铸件显微组织形貌有明显影响.实验结果表明,该球铁曲轴的优化热处理工艺为：820℃正火保温65 min.在此工艺条件下可以得到破碎铁素体球铁组织,该组织具有较好的综合力学性能.     

钒对水冷金属型离心铸造球墨铸铁管退火工艺的影响

在实际生产的条件下,讨论了钒异常对水冷金属型离心铸造球墨铸铁管退火工艺的影响,实验结果表明：为稳定获得铁素体基体的球墨铸铁管应控制钒含量到规定范围,并根据试验结果,提出了钒异常时退火工艺改进措施。     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-alloyed ductile iron upon casting and austempering

In the current study, Al was added to ductile iron (DI) in the range of 0·68–2·70 wt-% and its influence on the mechanical properties and on the microstructure at different section thicknesses was investigated. It was observed that increasing Al addition up to 2·70 wt-% improves the hardness and strength in the as-cast condition. However, this effect was completely reversed after austempering, where the mechanical properties decreased gradually with increasing Al content. In conclusion, Al reduced the strength of DI after austenitising at 900°C. Higher austempering temperatures may be required to achieve the desired properties depending on the Al content of the as-cast DI.     

Cementites decomposition of a pearlitic ductile cast iron during graphitization annealing heat treatment

Cementites decomposition of a pearlitic ductile cast iron during graphitization annealing heat treatment was investigated.Fractographies and microstructures of heat treated samples were observed using a scanning electron microscope and mechanical properties were measured by a universal tensile test machine.The results indicated that during isothermal annealing at 750°C,the tensile strength of pearlitic ductile cast iron was increased to a peak value at 0.5h,and decreased gradually thereafter but the elongation was enhanced with the increase of annealing time.Moreover,the diffusion coefficient of carbon atoms could be approximately calculated as 0.56μm2/s that could be regarded as the shortrange diffusion.As the holding time was short(0.5h),diffusion of carbon atoms was incomplete and mainly occurred around the graphites where the morphology of cementites changed from fragmentized shape to granular shape.In addition,the ductile cast iron with tensile strength of 740MPa and elongation of 7% could be achieved after graphitization annealing heat treatment for 0.5h.Two principal factors should be taken into account.First,the decomposition of a small amount of cementites was beneficial for increasing the ductility up to elongation of 7%.Second,the diffusion of carbon atoms from cementites to graphites could improve the binding force between graphites and matrix,enhancing the tensile strength to 740 MPa.