微量钇对压铸AZ91D镁合金组织及力学性能的影响

为了提高压铸AZ91D镁合金的力学性能,采用扫描电镜、XRD分析、拉伸性能测试和化学成分测试等方法研究了添加微量稀土Y对压铸AZ91D镁合金组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明:随着Y含量的增加,原强化相Mg_(17)Al_(12)逐渐减少,新强化相Al_3Y和Al_2Y_3等的形成使得合金的抗拉强度逐渐提高。由于在熔炼过程中Y与熔体中的氧反应,起到净化熔体的作用,合金伸长率随着Y含量的增加而增加。Al_3Y和Al_2Y_3等相的形成消耗了Al元素,造成Mg_(17)Al_(12)相较难形成,导致Mg基体粗大,使合金的屈服强度降低。     

汽车发动机用AZ91合金等离子熔覆表面改性层及性能

对汽车发动机用AZ91合金进行了等离子熔覆表面改性处理,对比分析了Al-Si涂层和Al-Si+Y涂层的显微组织和物相组成,并对改性层的硬度、耐磨性和耐腐蚀性能进行了比较。结果表明:Al-Si熔覆层主要含有α-Mg、Mg_(17)Al_(12)、Mg_2Si和Al_3Mg_2相,Al-Si+Y熔覆层主要含有α-Mg、Mg_(17)Al_(12)、Al_3Mg_2、Mg_2Si和Al_2Y相;Al-Si和Al-Si+Y涂层的硬度都高于AZ91合金基体,Y元素的加入形成了细晶强化和弥散强化使得Al-Si+Y涂层具有较高的硬度;汽车发动机表面的耐磨性能从高至低依次为:Al-Si+Y涂层Al-Si涂层AZ91合金基材;等离子熔覆改性处理后的发动机缸体的耐腐蚀性能有所提高,其中Al-Si+Y涂层的耐腐蚀性能最好。     

挤压铸造准晶增强AZ91D镁基复合材料组织与性能（英文）

为了改善AZ91D镁合金的性能,采用挤压铸造法制备了Mg-Zn-Y准晶中间合金增强AZ91D镁基复合材料,研究了准晶中间合金含量对复合材料组织和性能的影响。结果表明挤压铸造工艺可以有效细化晶粒,复合材料的显微组织主要由α-Mg基体、晶界上分布的β-Mg_(17)Al_(12)相以及Mg_3Zn_6Y准晶颗粒组成,准晶颗粒和α-Mg基体之间形成稳定结合。当准晶中间合金含量为5%时,抗拉强度和断后伸长率达到最大值,分别为194.3 MPa和9.2%。复合材料的强化机制为细晶强化和准晶颗粒强化。     

钇及混合稀土对AZ91镁合金流动性与凝固组织的影响

随着钇(Y)及混合稀土(MM)含量增加,AZ91合金的流动性先增加而后下降.当加入1%左右的Y及MM 时,AZ91合金可以获得最好的流动性,这是由于Y及MM对合金液具有良好的净化作用.对含Y及MM的AZ91合金初生α-Mg相及α Mg17Al12共晶组织形态进行了检测分析,结果表明:Y及MM使AZ91合金的α-Mg初生相枝晶显著细化,并使合金的共晶组织产生离异.     

高密度脉冲电流下Cu-SiC_p/AZ91D复合材料的组织及力学性能分析

研究了高密度脉冲电流(EP)下Cu-SiC_p/AZ91D复合材料凝固组织的细化机理。分析了EP对Cu-SiC_p/AZ91D复合材料组织演化及力学性能的影响。结果表明:施加EP后深灰色基体与浅灰色枝晶形成的网状组织变得浓密,晶粒细化显著。Mg_2Si相沿β-Mg_(17)Al_(12)枝晶下方生长,Mg_2Si周围组织由浅灰色α-Mg和Al_4C_3混合组成,同时伴随少量Cu在枝晶上方,β-Mg_(17)Al_(12)枝晶减少。添加Cu-SiC_p颗粒后AZ91D镁中β-Mg_(17)Al_(12)的衍射峰消失,Mg_2Si相的衍射峰得到增强。施加EP可以有效抑制SiC_p偏聚,使SiC_p能与熔体一起处于均匀混合状态。添加Cu-SiC_p后,材料的力学性能得到明显提升,但伸长率却降低。Cu-SiC_p/AZ91D具有更致密的断口组织,EP作用下,Cu-SiC_p/AZ91D断口韧窝更加细小。添加SiC颗粒后基底硬度发生较小幅度的提升;施加EP后,硬度得到明显的提升。     

高密度脉冲电流下Cu-SiC_p/AZ91D复合材料的组织及力学性能分析

研究了高密度脉冲电流(EP)下Cu-SiC_p/AZ91D复合材料凝固组织的细化机理。分析了EP对Cu-SiC_p/AZ91D复合材料组织演化及力学性能的影响。结果表明:施加EP后深灰色基体与浅灰色枝晶形成的网状组织变得浓密,晶粒细化显著。Mg_2Si相沿β-Mg_(17)Al_(12)枝晶下方生长,Mg_2Si周围组织由浅灰色α-Mg和Al_4C_3混合组成,同时伴随少量Cu在枝晶上方,β-Mg_(17)Al_(12)枝晶减少。添加Cu-SiC_p颗粒后AZ91D镁中β-Mg_(17)Al_(12)的衍射峰消失,Mg_2Si相的衍射峰得到增强。施加EP可以有效抑制SiC_p偏聚,使SiC_p能与熔体一起处于均匀混合状态。添加Cu-SiC_p后,材料的力学性能得到明显提升,但伸长率却降低。Cu-SiC_p/AZ91D具有更致密的断口组织,EP作用下,Cu-SiC_p/AZ91D断口韧窝更加细小。添加SiC颗粒后基底硬度发生较小幅度的提升;施加EP后,硬度得到明显的提升。     

微重力磁场对Cu-SiC_p/AZ91D复合材料组织及性能的影响

在常规和电磁模拟微重力条件下制备Cu-SiC_p/AZ91D复合材料,分析了复合材料的组织结构及相组成,并对其组织形成机理和抗摩擦磨损性能进行研究。结果表明,常规条件下制备的Cu-SiC_p/AZ91D复合材料主要由α-Mg、β-Mg_(17)Al_(12)和Mg_2Si相组成,组织晶粒较AZ91D细小,其组织均匀性差;在电磁模拟微重力条件下,Cu-SiC_p/AZ91D复合材料组织转变为α-Mg和Mg_2Si相,组织均匀性显著改善,同时晶粒得到进一步细化,硬度(HV_(4.9))增大至80.46。试验表明,模拟微重力条件制备的Cu-SiC_p/AZ91D复合材料具有更低的摩擦因数和磨损率。     

Y和Gd对消失模铸造AZ91D镁合金组织和性能的影响

为改善消失模铸造AZ91D镁合金的显微组织和力学性能,在合金中加入稀土元素Y和Gd。结果表明:Y和Gd在消失模铸造AZ91D镁合金中生成块状的Al2Y和Al2Gd相,细化基体组织,并使β-Mg17Al12相形貌由网状转变为断续状和颗粒状。Y和Gd的加入提高了消失模铸造AZ91D镁合金中α-Mg的初晶析出温度,降低其共晶温度。适量的Y和Gd能显著提高消失模铸造AZ91D镁合金的力学性能,当Y和Gd的含量分别为0.6%和0.9%时,抗拉强度、伸长率和硬度达到最大,分别为161.68MPa、2.80%、HB64.7,比不加Y和Gd的AZ91D镁合金分别提高了18.8%、54.7%、19.2%。     

Y对AZ91D镁合金阻尼性能的影响

通过DMA等手段研究了Y元素对AZ91D镁合金阻尼性能的影响,并通过扫描电镜、X射线衍射、透射电镜等手段研究了不同Y含量下AZ91D合金的显微组织,在此基础上分析了显微组织与阻尼性能的关系.结果显示:Y元素能明显细化AZ91D合金的组织,随着Y含量的增加.β相逐渐变得细小、弥散,且合金中会出现弥散分布的A12Y相,根据G-L位错模型理论,固溶在α-Mg基体中的Y原子对合金中的位错线构成弱钉扎,A12Y等含Y合金相对合金中位错线构成强钉扎,且组织细化后合金中位错线相互缠结,导致AZ91D合金阻尼性能下降明显.     

Sn对AZ80组织和力学性能的影响（英文）

通过OM、XRD、SEM和拉伸性能测试研究了添加Sn元素对AZ80组织和拉伸性能的影响。AZ80-x Sn(x=1,3,5质量分数,%)合金呈现出典型等轴树枝晶形貌,主要有初生相α-Mg,离异共晶相Mg_2Sn和Mg_(17)Al_(12),层片状的二次析出相Mg_(17)Al_(12)。结果表明,添加Sn(≤3%)元素能够明显的细化晶粒尺寸以及有效的抑制了层片状Mg_(17)Al_(12)相得析出;当Sn含量为5%时,层片状的Mg_(17)Al_(12)基本消失。添加Sn元素(1%≤Sn含量≤3%)能够提高AZ80合金室温拉伸性能。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.