食用油脂碘值快速测定方法探究

改进的测定方法依照国标(韦氏法)测定油脂碘值原理与操作方法,在加入韦氏试剂后,加入10 mL 3%醋酸镁溶液作催化剂,反应时间为13 min。结果表明:两种方法测定结果基本一致,相对误差小于2%,说明加入醋酸镁催化剂对测定结果的准确度没有产生不良影响。本改进方法准确可靠,且毒性小,是一种测定油脂碘值的快速韦氏法。     

超临界CO_2状态下氢化维生素E的研究

在超临界CO2状态下,用Pd/C作催化剂,对维生素E进行加氢反应以增加产品稳定性。以产品碘值为考察指标,通过单因素试验与正交试验,确定最佳工艺条件为:催化剂Pd/C(Pd含量为5%)用量0.15%,反应时间90 min,反应温度100℃,反应总压力9 MPa,搅拌速度300 r/min。在此条件下,所得氢化维生素E产品碘值(I)由106.2 g/100 g降至51.2 g/100 g,而维生素E含量变化较小。     

Pd/碳纳米管催化转移氢化大豆油工艺优化及动力学分析

为降低油脂氢化过程中反式脂肪酸的含量,本实验以自制的Pd/碳纳米管（Pd/carbon nanotubes,Pd/CNTs）为催化剂,在催化转移氢化体系中氢化大豆油,通过响应面试验以大豆油碘值为响应值摸索最优工艺条件,同时对催化转移氢化大豆油进行动力学分析。结果表明：最佳工艺条件为氢化温度84 ℃、催化剂添加量0.20%（以体系质量计）、甲酸铵供体浓度0.33 mol/50 mL、氢化时间90 min,产品的三烯酸、二烯酸和单烯酸反应速率常数分别为4.9×10－2、8.7×10－3和8.31×10－4,氢化亚麻酸和亚油酸的选择性高达5.63和10.47,氢化后大豆油碘值为95.3 g/100 g,反式脂肪酸相对含量仅为10.2%。采用催化转移氢化的方式进行油脂氢化,对制备低反式氢化油脂具有一定的研究意义和应用前景,也可为油脂氢化工业的发展提供一定的理论依据。     

油脂加氢镍基纳米催化剂的研究

以纳米碳酸钙为载体,采用沉淀法制备了镍基纳米催化剂,以棕榈油的加氢为探针表征其活性。分析了制备方法、负载量、焙烧温度、还原温度及促进剂对催化剂活性的影响。研究结果显示:以纳米碳酸钙为载体,在镍负载量为30%左右、添加铝(镍与铝原子摩尔比6∶1)或钴(镍与钴原子摩尔比600∶1)为促进剂、焙烧温度350℃、还原温度400℃时,采用沉淀法制备的催化剂活性最高,可使氢化后的棕榈油碘值(I)降到0.5 g/100 g以下(催化剂用量占棕榈油质量的0.07%),表明该催化剂的催化性能可达工业要求水平。此外,采用相对廉价的纳米碳酸钙作载体,镍为主要活性组分,操作步骤简单,催化剂性能稳定,活性较高,经济效益好,具有较好的应用前景。     

纳米镍的制备及氢化大豆油的分析

以液相还原法制备纳米镍催化剂,并通过X-射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、粒径分析及N2吸附脱附等手段对催化剂进行表征。结果表明：纳米镍催化剂比表面积为42.35?m2/g,平均粒径为30.0?nm,孔容为0.029?cm3/g,表面附着表面活性剂使其成球性和分散性较好,有利于催化剂活性的提高。纳米镍氢化一级大豆油的活性是雷尼镍的2.01?倍,当氢化油脂碘值约为90?g?I/100?g时,纳米镍催化剂的亚油酸选择性为0.51,反式脂肪酸异构化的选择性为0.35,氢化油脂的反式脂肪酸相对含量较雷尼镍的低10.79%。     

超临界CO2 条件下大豆粉末磷脂氢化工艺优化

为提高大豆粉末磷脂产品的储藏稳定性,对大豆粉末磷脂在CO2 超临界状态下的氢化工艺进行深入研究。采用Pd/C 作催化剂,无水乙醇与二氯甲烷(1:3,V/V)为溶剂,进行加氢反应。最终确定了最佳工艺条件：催化剂用量4%、反应时间60min、总压力10.5MPa、反应温度70℃、搅拌速度250r/min。所得氢化大豆粉末磷脂的色泽淡黄,碘值27.81g I2/100g,稳定性较好。     

可见光谱法直接测定油脂碘值

油脂与韦氏液发生加成反应后,加入碘化钾溶液,析出的碘以50%冰醋酸的水溶液作参比,在630 nm处测定碘吸光度值Ae,同时作空白,测定其A0,间接找到油脂消耗氯化碘的量,其消耗的量与油脂碘值成正比,由此可以计算出油脂的碘值。结果表明,与韦氏法比较,结果基本相同,相对误差小于2%。     

牛脂脂肪酸加氢改性催化剂及工艺条件研究

选取非选择性催化剂R(JM9955)和自制选择性催化剂M在反应釜中对牛脂脂肪酸进行加氢改性实验,考察温度、压力、催化剂添加量和加氢时间对牛脂脂肪酸加氢改性效果的影响,并以丁苯橡胶乳化剂原料指标要求对加氢改性效果进行比较评价。结果表明:催化剂R作用下,当温度155℃、压力4 MPa、催化剂R添加量0.075%、加氢时间45 min时,加氢改性效果较好,产物的碘值(I)为34.9 g/100 g,十八碳二烯酸值为0.8%;催化剂M作用下,当温度160℃、压力2.5 MPa、催化剂M添加量0.15%、加氢时间45 min时,加氢改性效果最好,加氢产物的碘值(I)为37.5 g/100 g,十八碳二烯酸值为0.257%,达到丁苯橡胶乳化剂原料的工业要求。催化剂M比催化剂R更有利于牛脂脂肪酸的选择性加氢。     

超临界CO2状态下氢化大豆油制备润滑油基础油

采用Pd/C作催化剂,以碘值为考察指标,在超临界CO2状态下对三级大豆油进行氢化制备润滑油基础油,确定最佳工艺条件为:催化剂用量0.06%,反应时间45 min,反应温度50℃,CO2压力5.5 MPa、加入氢气至总压力9 MPa,搅拌速度200r/min.在此条件下,所得氢化大豆油的碘值(Ⅰ)为88.20g/100g,黏度为9.89 Pa·s,过氧化值为5.6 mmol/kg,酸值(KOH)为0.68 mg/g.     

雷尼镍催化木质素超/亚临界乙醇解聚特性研究

以麦草烧碱法制浆黑液碱木质素为原料,考察不同雷尼镍催化剂用量(0~0.10 g)、反应温度(180~300℃)和反应时间(1~8h)条件下,碱木质素的超/亚临界乙醇催化解聚产物特性。实验结果表明:碱木质素在反应温度270℃,反应时间8h,雷尼镍催化剂0.05g解聚的液相产物得率最高达到66.75%,固相转化率达到77.90%。FT-IR分析表明:雷尼镍催化剂添加对碱木质素解聚固相产物结构没有产生明显影响作用;但GC/MS分析发现,雷尼镍催化剂会促使解聚液相产物中酚类化合物相对含量增加。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press