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David Pearson 《Membrane Technology》2001,2001(134):4-7
This article describes a filtration process, based on nanofiltration membranes, which is being introduced into North America by PCI Membrane Systems. The technology, called the Fyne Process, canbe used to treat water without the associated high capital costs or heavy labour requirements, and it is being chosen by rural communities whose only source of water is organic-laden surface water from lakes or rivers. 相似文献
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聚丙烯腈超滤基膜的水解改性 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
通过在不同水解程度的PAN基膜上组装聚电解质复合物膜,发现PAN基膜水解程度对聚电解质复合物膜的渗透汽化性能有重要影响.基于此,对PAN超滤基膜的碱性水解条件进行了筛选.通过对不同水解条件下改性前后基膜通量、截留率的测定,确定较为适宜的水解条件:NaOH浓度2 mol/L,水解温度60~70℃,水解时间1 h.润湿角和红外光谱检测证实,改性后基膜表面亲水性和荷电性增强利于后续的聚电解质复合物膜组装.此外,采用不同的碱性水解剂对PAN超滤进行水解,发现碱性越强的水解剂,PAN基膜水解程度越高.实验结果对改进PAN超滤膜亲水性,改变超滤膜的截留率和对荷负电溶质的耐污染性有所参考. 相似文献
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以接枝马来酸酐的改性聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF-g-MAH)为膜材料,采用浸没沉淀相转化方法制备超滤膜.在绘制PVDF-g-MAH-溶剂-水体系的三元相图基础上,研究并讨论铸膜液中溶剂体系、聚合物浓度以及添加剂浓度配比对膜性能和结构的影响,比较了接枝前后超滤膜的亲水性和抗污染性.研究结果表明:在聚合物-溶剂二元体系发生相分离过程中,4种溶剂体系所需非溶剂(水)的量的顺序为:DMAC>NMP>DMF>DMSO;以DMAC溶剂制备的铸膜液,制得的膜表面相对致密,纯水通量小,截留率高;随着聚合物浓度的提高,膜的通量下降,截留率提高;同时SEM照片也显示了随聚合物浓度的增加,超滤膜表层趋于致密,支撑层指状孔孔径缩小,孔数增多;超滤试验结果表明,在截留率相同的前提下,用PVDF制备的超滤膜纯水通量为104.6 L/(m2·h),而PVDF-g-MAH制得的超滤膜纯水通量为230L/(m2·h),同时对比了连续超滤BSA溶液12 h后的膜通量衰减状况,两种膜的通量的衰减率分别为36%和15.4%,表明以改性材料制备的超滤膜的亲水性和抗污染性能均得到提高. 相似文献
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以钛酸四异丙酯为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备Ti O2粒子溶胶,以孔径100 nm的管式Al2O3微滤膜为支撑体制备超滤膜,研究了涂膜溶胶中添加剂比例、涂膜次数和涂膜时间对超滤膜完整性的影响。结果表明,调整添加剂比例、涂膜次数和涂膜时间可以消除超滤膜的缺陷;添加剂比例对Ti O2超滤膜的物相没有影响。溶胶中添加剂比例m(Ti O2)∶m(PVA)∶m(HPC)=8∶2∶2,涂膜两次,每次涂膜时间为10~15s时,可以获得无裂纹、无针孔的超滤膜,Ti O2超滤层厚度约1μm,孔径分布于3~8 nm之间,孔隙率42%。 相似文献
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Immersed ultrafiltration membranes, which use enhanced coagulation, have been developed recently for total organic carbon and colour reduction and the removal of disinfection by-product precursors from drinking water. This process involves a single-tank, coagulation-ultrafiltration process which replaces the coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation and filtration stages of a conventional treatment plant. This article looks at the underlying technology, and in particular it discusses the integration of commercially available ZeeWeed membranes with coagulation/flocculation, either alone or in combination with powdered activated carbon. 相似文献
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The use of ultrafiltration for treatment of landfill leachate was evaluated. A high-strength industrial landfill leachate that has undergone some pretreatment contains residual suspended solids. These solids have molecular diameters greater than 190 Å and diameters between 32 and 55 Å, and foul ultrafiltration membranes. The fouling layer is 99 percent inorganic and does not block the passage of organic carbon across the membrane. It acts simply to create a pressure drop that results in lower flux. This fouling layer can be minimized by increasing shear at the membrane surface (increased stirring rate) and/or lowering the strength of the leachate. Membranes cast from an aromatic polymer exhibit the highest flux when used with leachate. 相似文献
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采用浸没沉淀相转化法制备了TiO2/酚酞聚醚砜复合膜,系统地研究了溶剂种类、TiO2添加量等条件对TiO2/PES-C膜结构与性能的影响.结果表明:以DMAc为溶剂时液-液分层速度较慢,得到的超滤膜在添加TiO2前后透过性能均较好,截留率高.与不含纳米TiO2的PES-C膜相比,含TiO2的TiO2/PES-C复合膜的超滤性能、亲水性和抗蛋白污染性都有了显著的改善.当TiO2添加量小于3%时,膜表面Ti元素的含量随着TiO2添加量的增加而增加,其透过性能和抗污染性能也在提高,纳米TiO2/PES-C复合膜具有不对称的断面结构和致密的皮层,亚孔层具有更好的贯通性;当TiO2添加量超过5%时,表面明显分布有大量小孔,其断面结构则表现为皮层变厚,亚孔层消失,只存在指状大孔结构,同时膜的透过性能有所降低.在膜的抗污染试验中,通过牛血清白蛋白溶液连续运行和接触角测定实验表明,TiO2的加入有助于减缓膜在运行过程中通量的衰减,增强了膜的抗蛋白污染性和亲水性.当TiO2水溶液添加量为3%时,TiO2/PES-C复合膜的通量达到最大,亲水性最好,且具有较好的抗蛋白污染性. 相似文献
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The performance of certain rocks (shungite, vermiculite, montmorillonite) in chemical water treatment is evaluated. Vermiculite packing ensures high efficiency of water decontamination from 137Cs. 相似文献
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半互穿网络法亲水改性超滤膜 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以聚砜(PSF)为膜材料,水为凝胶剂,采用浸没沉淀相转化法制备PSF超滤膜,在制膜过程中添加了亲水性聚合物聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮(PVP)和络合剂FeCl2来改性PSF膜的亲水性,并对其性能进行表征.用红外来表征其络合性能,用接触角测量仪测定其亲水性能.探讨了PSF浓度,络合剂FeCl2用量,PVP用量,PVP分子量对超滤膜性能的影响.结果表明,增加PSF浓度,膜的通量变小;增加络合剂FeCl2的用量,膜的通量由大变小,是没有加络合剂的1.3倍;增加PVP的浓度,膜的亲水性得到了显著的提高.在4%的时候为最大,此时的通量比没加PVP的膜大11倍.而对于不同牌号的PVP,K60的通量最大,K90的最小.对牛血清蛋白(BSA)的截留率都达到了95%以上. 相似文献
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