RE2Fe14B/α-Fe(RE=Nd,Dy,Pr)纳米复合永磁材料的研究

随着稀土含量的增加,快淬薄带矫顽力提高,剩磁降低,当稀土总量为10at%和快淬速度为12 m/s时,快淬薄带的矫顽力可达955 kA/m.当稀土总量为9.5at%时,快淬薄带晶化后的磁性能几乎不受快淬速度的影响.Dy替代部分Nd,提高了快淬薄带的非晶形成能力和热稳定性;经过晶化处理后,快淬薄带的矫顽力明显提高,剩磁略有下降,居里温度提高.Pr替代部分Nd,也提高了快淬薄带的非晶形成能力和热稳定性:经过晶化处理后,快淬薄带的剩磁和矫顽力都有所增加.     

快淬速度对Nd10Fe81Co3B6薄带微结构及磁性能的影响

研究了快淬速度对熔体快淬法制备Nd10Fe81Co3B6薄带微结构及磁性能的影响。结果表明,随着快淬速度的增加,薄带中非晶相含量增加。快淬薄带在800 ℃晶化处理10 min后,15 m/s淬速的薄带基本由粒径大于50 nm的Nd2(Fe,Co)14B与粒径小于25 nm的Fe7Co3相组成,两相交换耦合作用较弱,而50 m/s淬速的薄带中仍含有大量的非晶相,使得薄带的剩磁减小,但矫顽力没有明显降低;35 m/s淬速的薄带退火后晶化完好,两相交换耦合作用最好,矫顽力达到249 928 A/m,剩磁达到84.3 A·m2/kg。不同快淬速度薄带中主相Nd2(Fe,Co)14B的居里温度基本相同,约为630 K。     

Ti和C对（Nd0.4Pr0.6）9Fe76B15快淬带晶化过程及磁性能的影响

采用熔体快淬法制备了成分为（Nd0.4Pr0.6）9Fe76B15和（Nd0.4Pr0.6）9Fe72Ti4B15-yCy（y=0-4）的合金薄带,研究了Ti和C含量对快淬带非晶形成、晶化过程及磁性能的影响。结果表明：Ti和C的添加极大地促进了快淬带的非晶形成能力。随C含量增加,非晶形成能力增强,当y=4时,只需要7m/s辊速就可以得到完全非晶,最佳热处理后磁性能达到：Br=0.88T,Hci=618kA/m,（BH）max=109.8kJ/m3。研究还表明,添加Ti元素可以避免（Nd0.4Pr0.6）9Fe76B15非晶晶化过程中（Nd,Pr）2Fe23B3亚稳相和（Nd,Pr）1.1Fe4B4相的生成,从而大大提高矫顽力。（Nd0.4Pr0.6）9Fe76B15合金的晶化过程为：Amorphous phase（A）→（Nd,Pr）2Fe23B3→（Nd,Pr）2Fe14B＋α-Fe→（Nd,Pr）2Fe14B＋（Nd,Pr）1.1Fe4B4＋α-Fe。而（Nd0.4Pr0.6）9Fe72Ti4B15合金的晶化过程为：Amorhous phase（A）→α-Fe＋A′→（Nd,Pr）2Fe14B＋α-Fe＋Fe3B。     

快淬速度及热处理对Nd26Pr3FebalCo4Ga0.42B0.92快淬薄带微观结构和磁性的影响

研究了快淬速度（v=15、20、25、30和35 m/s）和热处理对熔体快淬法制备的成分为Nd26Pr3FebalCo4Ga0.42B0.92的快淬薄带的微观结构和磁性能的影响。v<25m/s 时,薄带自由面具有明显的取向,c轴垂直于薄带表面;随着快淬速度的提升,取向度明显降低。提高快淬速度可以细化晶粒,提升至v>25 m/s以上时非晶含量明显提升,当v<25 m/s时初始磁化曲线表现为一步磁化过程,退磁曲线的方形度较好;当v>25 m/s时向两步磁化转变,退磁曲线出现明显塌腰;在v=25 m/s时取得最佳磁性能,分别为Br=0.91T,μ0Hcj=1.70 T,（BH）max=108.22 kJ/m3。对快淬薄带进行适当的晶化退火处理后,快淬带中的非晶含量显著减少,v≤25 m/s的快淬薄带的磁性能有所改善;v>25 m/s时退磁曲线塌腰消失,矫顽力大幅提升,方形度明显改善;在v=35 m/s制备的快淬薄带取得最高矫顽力,μ0Hcj = 2.10 T;v=30 m/s时取得最佳磁性能,分别为Br=0.91T,μ0Hcj=1.82 T,（BH）max=141.61 kJ/m3。快淬薄带形貌沿厚度方向变化,热处理前其贴辊面一侧以非晶及细晶为主,自由面晶粒较大;热处理后贴辊面一侧的非晶含量显著减少。     

加Pr取代一部分Nd的Nd-Fe-Co-Cu-Nb-B系交换弹簧磁体s

Nd-Fe-Co-Cu-Nb-B系合金快淬薄带有可能获得很好的磁特性,如果进一步用Pr取代合金中的一部分Nd,由于所形成的Pr2Fe14B型结晶相具有很高的各向异性磁场,因而可得到很大的矫顽力。因此,日本明冶大学的理工学院为了制作高性能的α-Fe／（Nd,Pr）2Fe14B系交换弹簧磁体,采用Pr置换一部分Nd的不同成分的Nd-Pr-Fe-Co-Cu-Nb-B系合金熔体通过单辊旋淬法制得的薄带,研究了旋淬时冷却辊周速和非晶薄带的热处理等条件对于薄带磁体的磁性能和物理性能的影响。 本试验所用的原料为钕、镨、铁、钴、铜、铌纯金属和硼类金属。用于喷制旋淬薄带用的熔体成分为（Nd1－xPrx）9Fe75.5Co8Cu0.5Nb1B6,Pr量x＝0.0、0.3、0.5、0.7、1.0。旋淬薄带是在高纯氢气氛中将合金熔体喷于辊速为10～15m／s的单辊表面,所得非晶薄带在高纯氩气氛中于625～700℃经过0～10min的晶化处理。薄带试样经过4.8MA／m脉冲充磁后,用振动试样磁强计测定磁特性、居里温度和温度特性。用粉末X射线衍射法分析了薄带试样的结晶结构,用示差热分析仪测定非晶带的晶化温度。研究结果证明：用辊速12.5m／s的单辊旋淬制得的富Pr非晶Nd2.7Pr6.3Fe75.5Co8Cu0.5Nb1B6合金带,经675℃最佳晶化热处理后所得纳米晶（平均粒径37nm）交换弹簧磁体的（BH）max为156.16kJ／m3,其Jr和HCJ的温度系数分别为α（Jr）＝－0.036％／℃（可逆）,α（HCJ）＝－0.46％／C（不可逆）。加Pr使矫顽力有所提高,但并未达到预期值。     

快淬速度对Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe纳米复合永磁材料结构和磁性能的影响

利用熔体快淬法制备了(Nd0.9Dy0.1)9(Fe0.9Co0.1)85.5B5.5快淬薄带,研究了快淬速度对晶化过程、晶化后薄带的结构及磁性能的影响.研究发现,快淬速度不同,薄带的非晶程度不同,晶化过程存在很大差异;在快淬速度为12m/s时,快淬薄带中已存在一定的晶态相,晶化后的晶粒细小均匀,磁性能较高;而当快淬速度达到18m/s和25m/s时,合金晶化后的晶粒粗大且不均匀,磁性能较低.     

冷却速度对快淬Fe-Si-B-Cu合金结构和磁性能的影响

采用单辊旋淬法,以不同的轮辊转速(50、40、30和25 m/s)制备高Fe含量Fe_(82.65)Cu_(1.35)Si_2B_(14)非晶合金薄带,研究了冷却速度对快淬合金结构和性能的影响.结果表明:随冷却速度的降低,淬态Fe_(82.65)Cu_(1.35)Si_2B_(14)合金的条带厚度逐渐增大,合金由完全的非晶态结构转变为非晶与纳米晶的混合结构;同时,随冷却速度的降低,一次晶化温度下降,材料的饱和磁感应强度逐渐增加,在轮辊转速为25 m/s时,淬态合金的饱和磁感应强度达到1.4 T.     

Dy元素对纳米复合(Nd,Pr)_(10.5-x)Dy_xFe_(83.5)B_6合金磁性能与显微结构的影响（英文）EI北大核心CSCD

采用快淬法制备了镨基(Nd,Pr)10.5-x Dyx Fe83.5B6(x=0.0,0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0,2.5)系列粘结磁体,研究了Dy元素添加对快淬合金显微组织结构、磁性能及快淬薄带热稳定性的影响。与Nd2Fe14B相比,硬磁相Dy2Fe14B具有较高的磁晶各向异性场HA和较低的饱和磁极化强度Js,因此,Dy元素添加能显著提高合金的内禀矫顽力Hcj,但会降低合金的剩磁Br。Dy元素替代Nd/Pr元素,增强了快淬薄带的热稳定性,提高了晶化退火温度。较高的晶化退火温度,使快淬薄带中已经形成的微晶更容易长大,形成一些粗大晶粒,降低了粘结磁体的磁性能。1.0%是较佳的Dy元素添加量,(Nd,Pr)9.5Dy1Fe83.5B6合金快淬粘结磁体的最大磁能积(BH)max为71.6 k J/m3,剩磁Br为0.638 T,内禀矫顽力Hcj为611 k A/m。     

Dy元素对纳米复合(Nd,Pr)_(10.5-x)Dy_xFe_(83.5)B_6合金磁性能与显微结构的影响（英文）

采用快淬法制备了镨基(Nd,Pr)10.5-x Dyx Fe83.5B6(x=0.0,0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0,2.5)系列粘结磁体,研究了Dy元素添加对快淬合金显微组织结构、磁性能及快淬薄带热稳定性的影响。与Nd2Fe14B相比,硬磁相Dy2Fe14B具有较高的磁晶各向异性场HA和较低的饱和磁极化强度Js,因此,Dy元素添加能显著提高合金的内禀矫顽力Hcj,但会降低合金的剩磁Br。Dy元素替代Nd/Pr元素,增强了快淬薄带的热稳定性,提高了晶化退火温度。较高的晶化退火温度,使快淬薄带中已经形成的微晶更容易长大,形成一些粗大晶粒,降低了粘结磁体的磁性能。1.0%是较佳的Dy元素添加量,(Nd,Pr)9.5Dy1Fe83.5B6合金快淬粘结磁体的最大磁能积(BH)max为71.6 k J/m3,剩磁Br为0.638 T,内禀矫顽力Hcj为611 k A/m。     

Nd60Fe30M10（M=Al，Si，Ga）系非晶永磁的性能与组织结构

采用真空快淬设备以辊速5m／s、10m／s、15m／s、20m／s、30m／s制备了Nd60Fe30M10（M=Al,Si,Ga）系的“非晶带”,研究了制备速度对“非晶带”永磁性能和结构的影响。实验结果表明：Nd60Fe30Si10和Nd60Fe30Ga10同经典合金Nd40Fe30Al10一样,也显示出非晶永磁性能,并且比相同条件下制备的Nd60Fe30Al10“非晶带”的永磁性能更好;三种“非晶带”的矫顽力随辊速的降低而提高。对Nd60Fe30Al10“非晶带”的TEM分析表明,以30m／s辊速制备的“非晶带”,有2～5nm的析出物弥散分布在非晶基体上;而以5m／s辊速制备的“非晶带”,有10nm左右和150-200nm的析出物分布在非晶基体上。析出物的生成,促进了矫顽力的提高。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.