一种基于公平接入的按需动态TDMA协议

针对移动自组织网络(MANET)动态时分多址接入(TDMA)协议的公平性问题,提出了一种基于公平接入的按需动态TDMA协议。节点以一定概率对业务时隙发起申请,根据邻居节点的回复完成时隙占用,通过感知业务量对占用的业务时隙数量进行动态调整。节点获取时隙资源的能力与节点编号以及时隙申请的先后顺序无关。对时隙申请概率以及一个时帧周期内的业务时隙个数进行了分析,给出了最优的参数选择。仿真结果表明相较于其它动态TDMA协议,该协议可以在保证网络吞吐量的同时提高节点接入信道的公平性。     

分簇无线传感器网络动态时隙分配MAC协议

为降低大规模无线传感器网络的平均能耗,提出了一种基于动态分配的调度型无线传感器网络MAC协议（SDC-MAC）。该协议簇间使用FDMA方式分配无线信道,簇内通过TDMA方式给各个节点分配可变长的时隙。随着簇结构的变化,簇头通过时隙分配通知,对簇内节点的时隙分配进行动态调整,簇成员节点则根据控制信息进行休眠和唤醒。仿真结果显示,该算法有效地降低了网络的平均能耗,当网络流量高时还可降低平均数据包时延。     

基于TDMA支持实时应用的多跳时隙预留协议

提出一种基于时分多址接入(TDMA)的多跳时隙预留的协议(TMSR)以支持Ad Hoc网络中的实时应用,协议中节点为实时数据包的多跳转发预留信道时隙,通过超帧把数据包从源节点传输到远端的目的节点。通过NS2对提出的协议性能进行评估,重点分析了静态和移动环境下该协议的平均端到端时延和平均吞吐量,同时,在单跳仿真场景中,对TMSR协议与ETDMA进行对比,仿真结果表明随着数据流量的增加,TMSR提供了比E-TDMA更好的数据包吞吐量和时延性能。在多跳仿真场景中,采用TMSR协议的节点间的平均端到端的时延满足了实时应用的端到端多跳时延要求。     

一种高效可靠的无人机自组网多跳TDMA协议

设计无人机自组网媒体接入控制(Medium Access Control,MAC)协议时,需要考虑其控制开销和数据传输的可靠性。鉴于此,结合现有无线自组网多跳时分多址接入(Time Division Multiple Access,TDMA)协议和无人机自组网特点,提出了一种高效可靠的无人机自组网多跳TDMA协议。首先采用高效负载均衡的时隙请求信息上传机制,选择一个负载较小的节点转发节点时隙请求信息;然后根据相互通信的父节点删除重复节点的时隙请求信息,减少相同节点的时隙请求信息转发次数;最后通过实时更新节点时隙请求信息机制,提高节点时隙请求信息传输的可靠性。仿真结果表明,该协议在数据传输成功率、平均时延、控制开销方面优于现有协议,可较好地应用在无人机自组网中。     

太赫兹无线局域网MAC协议优化设计

针对现有太赫兹无线网络MAC(Medium Access Control)协议中存在的无线局域网场景下原有波束赋形方案不适用、关联请求时段在新入网节点数量受限情况下时隙利用率低,以及网络流量较大时扇区号靠后的节点一直无法获得时隙导致时延陡增的情况,提出了一种适用于无线局域网的高效低时延太赫兹MAC协议(High Efficiency and Low Latency Terahertz MAC,HELL-MAC)。该协议利用中心控制节点与普通节点间的信息交互减少了不必要的波束赋形过程,采用机会性复用关联S-CAP(Sub-channel Access Period)机制提高了时隙利用率,采用公平时隙分配机制提高了时隙分配的公平性,从而减少了波束赋形时间,降低了平均端到端时延,提高了信道利用率。     

基于优先级比较的动态TDMA信道接入技术研究

提出了一种新的基于优先级比较判定的动态TDMA信道接入协议,该协议使用邻节点对竞争节点的优先级进行比较判定,实现了节点对时隙的成功占用和空间复用,提高了信道的使用效率。通过分析比较了动态TDMA、ADAPT两种协议的性能,并使用OPNET软件进行了仿真验证。     

一种无线组网中的TDMA时隙调整协议

提出了一种适于无线组网环境下传输战术消息的无中心动态分布式时隙分配协议。协议将时隙分为固定微时隙和分配微时隙,节点间通过调整分配微时隙的数量来适应节点消息量的变化,提高了信道利用率。通过分析和仿真表明该协议能够为系统提供较高的吞吐量,通过调整可以满足局部节点消息量增加时的时延要求,能够更好地适应无线组网环境传输实时消息的特点。     

基于节点剩余能量及流量自适应的混合MAC协议

基于节点剩余能量和网络流量变化,文中提出了RA-ZMAC协议,在Z-MAC协议中加入了能量控制和流量自适应机制.当网络流量低时,时隙的一部分时间中节点将进入睡眠状态以节省能耗,随着流量增大,睡眠时间减少.当网络流量继续增大,节点工作到TDMA方式,实现了基于竞争到基于调度的信道接入的平滑转换.RA-ZMAC协议根据节点剩余能量和流量情况改变竞争窗口和退避时间,当节点流量大时增大竞争窗口;节点剩余能量越多,退避时间越短.     

一种改进的数据链协作MAC协议

针对基于TDMA（时分多址）的数据链网络协议在恶劣环境下时延大、业务突发性强等缺点,提出了一种改进的数据链协作MAC协议。在原有的协议中引入协作通信的思想,节点根据协作机制,利用自身时隙进行协作转发,并进一步加入中继优先权因子改进协作机制,中继节点根据节点的繁忙程度与信道条件来判定是否协作传输。通过对网络时延性能的研究与仿真,结果表明,改进后的协作协议性能优于传统的数据链协议。     

一种双通道数据链端机的多址接入方法设计

多址接入协议提供了一种信道共享的调度机制,确保多个通信节点间公平、高效地共享相同的无线信道资源,决定了节点业务量和网络吞吐量,是数据链路层设计的重中之重。本文设计了一种利用双通道技术,将 SPMA 和 TDMA 多址接入技术有效的结合起来的方法,既保证网络运行的可靠性,又保证特殊业务对时延的要求,研究结果具有一定的工程应用价值。     

一种高效低时延的宽带电力线通信网多跳MAC协议

针对IEEE1901.1宽带电力线通信媒体接入控制(Medium Access Control,MAC)协议涉及到信标时隙利用不充分和控制开销过大等问题,提出了一种高效低时延的宽带电力线通信网多跳MAC协议(Efficient and Low Delay Multi-hop MAC,ELDM-MAC).采用基于节点层级...     

TDMA时隙分配对业务时延性能的影响分析

 在TDMA通信系统中,时隙分配是影响业务时延性能的重要因素,包括时隙数量分配(带宽分配)、时隙分配周期(TDMA帧长)和时隙位置分配三方面.本文针对可变速率和固定速率两类业务,基于随机服务系统理论和交通流理论建立了业务时延模型,得到了平均时延的解析式,分析了时隙数量、时隙位置和TDMA帧长度对业务时延影响的规律和特点.结果表明时隙位置分配越均匀,越能改善业务的平均时延和时延抖动性能;而在传统的时隙连续分配方式下,增加时隙数量分配对时延性能提高非常有限.在DVB-RCS卫星系统等具有较长帧设计的TDMA系统中,采用时隙均匀分配方式能够有效提高业务时延性能.计算机仿真验证了建模分析的正确性.     

A Scalable CSMA and Self-Organizing TDMA MAC for IEEE 802.11 p/1609.x in VANETs

vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) have been a key topic for research community and industry alike. The wireless access in vehicular environment standard employs the IEEE 802.11p/1609.4 for the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer implementation for VANETs. However, the carrier sense multiple access (CSMA) based mechanism cannot provide reliable broadcast services, and the multi-channel operation defined in IEEE 1609.4 divides the available access time into fixed alternating control channel intervals (CCH) and service channel (SCH) intervals, which may lead to the low utilization of the scarce resources. In this paper, a novel multichannel MAC protocol called CS-TDMA considering the channel access scheduling and channel switching concurrently is proposed. The protocol combines CSMA with the time division multiple access (TDMA) to improve the broadcast performance in VANETs. Meanwhile, the dwelling ratio between CCH and SCH changes dynamically according to the traffic density, resulting in the improvement of resource utilization efficiency. Simulation results are presented to verify the effectiveness of our mechanism and comparisons are made with three existing MAC protocols, IEEE MAC, SOFT MAC and VeMAC. The simulation results demonstrate the superiority of CS-TDMA in the reduction of transmission delay and packet collision rate and improvement of network throughput.     

Cluster Based Routing Protocol for Mobile Nodes in Wireless Sensor Network

Mobility of sensor nodes in wireless sensor network (WSN) has posed new challenges particularly in packet delivery ratio and energy consumption. Some real applications impose combined environments of fixed and mobile sensor nodes in the same network, while others demand a complete mobile sensors environment. Packet loss that occurs due to mobility of the sensor nodes is one of the main challenges which comes in parallel with energy consumption. In this paper, we use cross layer design between medium access control (MAC) and network layers to overcome these challenges. Thus, a cluster based routing protocol for mobile sensor nodes (CBR-Mobile) is proposed. The CBR-Mobile is mobility and traffic adaptive protocol. The timeslots assigned to the mobile sensor nodes that had moved out of the cluster or have not data to send will be reassigned to incoming sensor nodes within the cluster region. The protocol introduces two simple databases to achieve the mobility and traffic adaptively. The proposed protocol sends data to cluster heads in an efficient manner based on received signal strength. In CBR-Mobile protocol, cluster based routing collaborates with hybrid MAC protocol to support mobility of sensor nodes. Schedule timeslots are used to send the data message while the contention timeslots are used to send join registration messages. The performance of proposed CBR-Mobile protocol is evaluated using MATLAB and was observed that the proposed protocol improves the packet delivery ratio, energy consumption, delay and fairness in mobility environment compared to LEACH-Mobile and AODV protocols.     

ETPS-MAC: Energy Traffic Priority Scheduling-based QoS-aware MAC protocol for hierarchical WSNs

The evolution of the wireless sensor network (WSN) in recent years has reached its greatest heights and applications are increasing day by day, one such application is Smart Monitoring Systems (SMSs) which is in vision of implementation in every urban and rural areas. The implementation of WSN architecture in SMS needs an intelligent scheduling mechanism that efficiently handles the dynamic traffic load without sacrificing the energy efficiency of network. This paper presents a centralized TDMA scheduling based medium access control (MAC) protocol, called Energy Traffic Priority Scheduling MAC (ETPS-MAC) that accommodates variable traffic load while maintaining Quality-of-Service (QoS) assurance in hierarchical WSNs. The ETPS-MAC protocol employs priority scheduling algorithm which considers two factors for assigning priority, the energy factor and the traffic load factor to avoid packet buffering and maintains minimum data packet delay in case of high traffic load. Moreover, a novel rank-based clustering mechanism in FPS-QMAC protocol prolongs the network lifetime by minimizing the distance between the cluster head (CH) and the base station (BS). Both analytical and simulation models demonstrate the superiority of the ETPS-MAC protocol in terms of energy consumption, transmission delay, data throughput and message complexity when compared with the existing TDMA based MAC protocols.     

VSAT communications networks-an overview

The very-small-aperture-terminal (VSAT) fixed satellite communication network is a star network in which many dispersed micro terminals attempt to send data in a packet form through a random access/time-division multiple-access (RA/TDMA) satellite channel with transmission delay. The basic concept of the VSAT and its service potential are discussed. Two classes of traffic are addressed, namely business-oriented low-rate-data traffic and bulk data traffic of corporate networks. Satellite access, throughput, and delay are considered. The size of the network population that can be served in an RA/TDMA environment is calculated. User protocols are examined. A typical VSAT business scenario is described     

A Dynamic Adaptation Mechanism for Traffic Conditions in Wireless Sensor Network

As overall network traffic pursue to expand, a lot of low-power medium access control protocols have been proposed to deal with burst traffic in wireless sensor network. Although most of them provide low throughput but do not well optimize the energy consumption. In this paper, we propose a new hybrid carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) and time division multiple access (TDMA) protocol that arranges nodes into two categories of priority according to their traffic rate and data transmission delay. Nodes that have continuous data should send its data during the contention free period, those one will be classified as low priority and its data will be scheduling using TDMA. Others nodes who have a random data should transmit it immediately during the contention access period (CAP) using a fuzzy logic algorithm, based on their queue length and implemented in the CSMA/CA algorithm. Therefore, the proposed scheme dynamically changes the CAP length to ensure that nodes can complete its transaction during the same super-frame. Simulation results are done using the network simulator tools (NS-2) and have improved good efficiency regarding the IEEE 802.15.4 standard. The mechanism has improved the energy consumption, minimised the packet loss probability, increased the throughput variation in the network and also minimised the average end to end delay.     

基于TDMA的分布式全双工链路调度算法研究

为了解决无线Ad hoc网络在负载较重时网络性能差等问题,提出了一种将TDMA（Time Division Media Access）与CCFD（Co-time Co-frequency Full Duplex）相结合的分布式全双工MAC（Media Access Control）协议.数据传输前节点首先在链路共存准则的基础上进行抑制检查,随后主链路按一定的优先级筛选二级链路并发起调度请求,调度所需的四次握手过程在业务时隙头部完成.本协议在不影响传统TDMA半双工通信的条件下,增加同一时隙中可以共存的链路数,改善网络的吞吐量和时延性能.     

无线传感器网络环境下基于事件 驱动应用的节能TDMA协议

媒质接入控制是无线传感器网络设计的关键问题之一.由于媒质接入控制协议直接控制着节点无线通信模块的活动,而无线通信模块是传感器节点能量消耗的主要来源,因此MAC协议节能效率的好坏将严重影响网络的性能.基于TDMA的MAC协议具有固有的节能特性,即通过合理的TDMA调度避免传输碰撞以及减少节点空闲监听的时间.本文提出了ED-TDMA协议,一种面向事件驱动的传感器网络应用的TDMA协议.该协议根据当前源节点的数目动态地改变TDMA帧的长度,提高了信道利用率;同时采用位图方式的TDMA调度,极大地减少了TDMA调度的开销,节约了能量.此外,通过引入簇内覆盖的思想,使得簇内的活动节点数目为一常数,同时减少了工作节点的数目,从而延长网络的生命周期,并在一定程度上提高了系统的可伸缩性.实验结果显示,ED-TDMA协议更适用于网络负载较低、节点密度高的无线传感器网络.     

最小化长传播时延对无线网络多址接入协议的影响(英文)

A multiple access protocol is proposed to greatly improve multiple access performance of wireless networks with long propagation delay. All the nodes with packets to send can make rapid successful reservation in access reservation mini-slots, which is adaptively adjusted according to current traffic load and idle channel resources. A Central Control Node (CCN) coordinates channel reservation and allocates on-demand channel resources to the successfully accessed nodes on two channels. Each node can employ on...