改进的图像重建迭代算法

针对不完全数据图像重建问题,该文从积分方程角度提出一种改进的图像重建迭代算法(Im-proved Iterative Reprojection Reconstruction,IIRR),并证明其在范数下收敛。该算法的图像重建收敛速度和重建图像误差依赖于引入的参数因子、已知的投影数据与图像的先验信息。重建图像可以表示为由已知投影数据所构成图像的级数形式。数值模拟结果表明,IIRR算法在不完全数据的情况下具有较好的图像重建能力。     

由投影重建图像的对称块迭代算法

由投影重建图像的迭代算法有抑制噪声等优点,但其投影矩阵的计算量大、影响重建速度。该文利用投影线存在的几何对称结构,引入图像重建的对称块迭代算法(简写为SB-IRT),简化了投影矩阵系数的计算,调整了迭代算法的顺序相关性。对于模拟和实测数据进行了图像重建试验,结果表明:与常规算法比较,该文提出的对称块迭代算法重建速度快,重建图像精度高。     

基于神经网络的少数投影CT图像重建算法

基于连续型 Hopfield神经网络 (HNN)提出了一种新的少数投影 CT图像重建算法。首先将图像重建问题转化为最大熵准则下的优化问题 ,然后构造相应的连续型 HNN模型 ,网络的稳定解就是重建问题的优化解。数值模拟结果表明 ,与联合代数重建技术 (SART)相比 ,利用从投影角间距为 4 5°的 4个不同的投影视角方向获取的投影数据 ,该算法具有较高的重建精度和良好的抗噪声性能。     

一种基于压缩传感和SART的图像重建迭代算法

滤波反投影算法已被广泛应用到CT图像重建领域,但由于算法需要大量的投影数据,会延长扫描时间和累积高剂量的辐射。为了降低辐射的剂量,文中提出一种基于压缩传感和联合代数重建方法 (SART)的迭代算法,将图像的梯度稀疏性与SART图像重建相结合,减小梯度图像的l1范数直至算法迭代结束。实验结果表明,文中算法能利用少量的投影数据准确地重建出图像,减少了由于投影数据不充分而造成的条状伪影。     

基于有限角图像重建的两种迭代算法研究

针对有限角度投影数据的CT图像重建问题,本文介绍了两种迭代算法,其中主要介绍了基于最小化图像总变差的优化准则的迭代重建算法--TV算法,以及简单介绍了改进后的ART算法,该算法的基本思想是运用已知角度的投影数据来补全未知角度的投影数据,再用ART算法进行图像重建.最后用模拟的有限角度投影数据分别对这两种迭代算法进行了图...     

基于高斯机的少数投影CT图像重建

基于高斯机(GM)提出了一种新的少数投影CT图像重建算法。首先将图像重建问题转化为最大熵准则下的优化问题,然后构造相应的GM模型,并采用双曲调度进行模拟退火,网络的稳定解就是重建问题的优化解。数值模拟结果表明,与联合代数重建技术(SART)相比,从投影角间距为45°的4个不同的投影视角方向获取投影数据时,该算法具有较高的重建精度(平均相对误差为0.03%)和良好的抗噪声性能。     

压缩视频超分辨率重建技术

超分辨率图像重建就是由低分辨率图像序列来估计高分辨率图像,而压缩视频的重建正成为当前研究的热点。本文首先分析了压缩视频重建的基础,建立了高、低分辨率图像间的关系,给出了量化噪声和运动矢量的模型;接着对目前最具有代表性的最大后验概率(MAP)算法、凸集投影(POCS)算法和迭代反向投影(IBP)算法进行了详细的阐述,并分别给出了实验结果;然后分析了运算的复杂度,介绍了几种实时化方法;最后针对目前存在的问题进行了展望,指出降质模型、运动估计、重建算法和实时应用将是今后研究的重点。     

缺失投影数据的估计研究

在CT图像重建中,由于CT设备本身的结构和重建算法的局限性以及病人自主或者非自主的运动破坏了投影数据的一致性和完整性。当投影数据采集或投影角度不完全时,通常采用代数重建算法(ART)及其改进算法进行重建。但由于ART算法运行速度较慢,耗时较多。本文从恢复缺失的投影角度出发,通过比较不同的插值方法,采用双线性插值法对不完全角度下的或缺失的投影数据进行估计,得到了一定的成效,并对其投影图像进行恢复,从而缩短了运行时间。     

一种基于MAP的图像超分辨率重建算法

引入一种基于关键点滤波(Critical-Point Filters,CPF)的图像配准方法,并在最大后验概率(Maximum a Posteriori,MAP)框架下提出一种改进的集投影法(Projections onto ConvexSets,MAP/POCS)混合算法。算法把POCS的残差约束集合加入到基于CPF图像配准的MAP正则算法中,在每次迭代重建中对重建图像的像素点进行约束,充分利用这三种算法的优点。实验结果表明,相比于传统的重建方法,该算法能够更有效地表达视频中的非平移运动,超分辨图像主观质量有明显改善。     

基于FBP的迭代算法研究

在用传统的滤波反投影算法（FBP）重建图像时,往往不可避免地出现许多伪影。为了减少伪影,论述了一种基于FBP的迭代算法,此处投影采用平行光束。算法分为三个过程,第一个过程采用FBP算法重建图像,第二个过程将重建后的图像再次投影并与第一次的投影做外差并将此差值做反投影获得改进量,第三个过程将改进量与第一次重建的图像相加获得修正后的图像,重复该过程。多次迭代后图像膺像明显减少,图像质量增强。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks