起泡剂对辉锑矿和毒砂无捕收剂浮选的影响

在无捕收剂情况下，当矿浆ＰＨ为５．４，氧化还原电位Ｅｈ为６９０ｍＶ时，添加适量起泡剂，辉锑矿和毒砂表现出良好的分选性。１５种起泡剂对比试验表明，以丁基醚醇为最优。氧化剂对起铴剂的性能有一定影响。     

浮选过程中捕收剂和起泡剂的综合作用

在煤泥生产过程中，通常在煤泥水中加入一定量的浮选药剂，促进和改善浮选过程。现就如何合理配合使用捕收剂和起泡剂提高煤泥浮选效果进行探讨.     

起泡剂和捕收剂分布对浮选性能的影响

起泡剂在一系列浮选槽的精矿中的分布率以及捕收剂在有价矿粒上的吸附是很重要的,因为它们决定着泡沫结构和浮选性能.需要明确这一问题,以便确立更好的药剂添加策略.测量工业浮选回路试样中的起泡剂浓度的方法,包括动力学表面张力测量,均已证明是不太确切的,因为使用的是低浓度且受疏水矿粒影响.本研究中制定了一个实验室规模测量未吸附药剂浓度的方法.对一个工业硫化矿石进行了批量浮选试验,通过测量剩余在从精矿和尾矿所取的过滤后的液体试样中的浓度,从而测出了捕收剂（SIBX）和起泡剂（Dowfroth 200）在固体矿粒上的吸附量.用紫外分光光度法和TOC分析法进行了分析测试,结果发现,当存在有SIBX时2min后溶液中20%的起泡剂消失了,63%的SIBX吸附在固体矿粒上,这些结果还表明,增加SIBX的初始浓度和延长调整时间得到了较高的精矿品位.     

浮选起泡剂的基本性质及其对浮选的影响

泡沫浮选过程需要使用起泡剂.一般用选择性和起泡能力来描述起泡剂的性质.根据实验室试验来选择起泡剂,并在扩大试验中进行验证.近几年来很多试验工作研究了起泡剂的基本性质.这些研究结果有助于描述起泡剂特性的标准方法的制定.其性质包括起泡剂减小气泡尺寸的能力和提高泡沫的稳定性.在本研究中,评价了5种起泡剂在煤浮选中的起泡能力及其与起泡剂基本性质之间的关系.精矿中水的回收率与无选择性机械夹带的固体量密切相关.还评价了有和没有固体存在时起泡剂促使水向泡沫捕集区转移的能力.     

浮选起泡剂对气泡大小和泡沫稳定性的影响

为了研究起泡剂对气泡大小的影响，采用单孔气泡发生器，多孔气泡发生器和浮选槽进行了试验。试验发现只有使用多孔气泡发生器（或在浮槽中）测定时，气泡大小主要依赖于起泡剂的浓度，起泡剂浓度低时（C＜CCC），气泡大得多，这说明此时气泡兼并是决定气泡大小的主要机理，起泡剂浓度超过临界兼并浓度（CCC）时，气泡兼并可以被阻止。起泡剂起泡性能试验指出，在动力学条件下泡沫的稳定性决定于气泡兼并作用。     

起泡剂性能测试方法及影响泡沫稳定性的因素

泡沫是一种复杂的体系,泡沫的稳定性是泡沫的一个重要性质。为了更好的评价起泡剂的起泡性能使其在工业生产中更好地应用,本文综述了测试起泡剂起泡性能的方法,并讨论了各种方法的优劣。讨论了影响泡沫稳定性的各种因素,同时展望了评价泡沫性能的方法和研究泡沫稳定性的发展前景。     

纤维素醚调整剂对MIBC起泡剂泡沫性能影响研究

浮选泡沫的性质对矿物的浮选效果具有重要影响。本文以甲基异丁基甲醇(MIBC)为起泡剂,研究羟丙甲基纤维素(HPMC)、羧甲基纤维素(CMC)和3-氯-2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵纤维素醚三种泡沫调整剂对起泡剂MIBC泡沫的稳定性、表面张力、气泡尺寸和数量等特性的影响。结果表明,随着泡沫调整剂浓度的增加,表面张力降低,泡沫稳定性增强,HPMC对泡沫稳定性的增强效果最好。通过自建图像法测量系统、采用Image-Pro-Plus软件测定、分析气泡数量和尺寸,试验结果显示,泡沫调整剂的加入减少了气泡的数量、减小了泡沫尺寸、增大颗粒与气泡的碰撞概率。透射电镜表明,在纤维状纤维素醚分子链上吸附了MIBC颗粒。黄铁矿纯矿物的浮选实验结果表明,泡沫调整剂的加入提高了黄铁矿纯矿物的回收率。     

一种评价煤炭浮选志泡剂泡沫稳定性的新方法

用充气法对多种起泡剂的性能进行了测试，分析研究了同一起泡剂不同浓度下的泡沫高度与半衰期之间的关系，从而提出了一种评价浮选起泡剂泡沫稳定性的新方法。     

有填埋物浸出液作为浮选中的起泡剂和捕收剂

填埋物浸出液是水流入填埋的市政固体废料时，废料降解和浸出时产生的高度污染的废水。随产地的时间的不同，它们的组成变化很大。它们含有生物降解化合物、无机盐和污染物。通常，在废弃物管理工业中，在向环境排放前需要处理它们，以降低生化氧需要量、化学氧需要量和氨氮含量。试验表明，填埋物浸出液可部分或全部代替浮选中的起泡剂和捕收剂。可以认为，填埋物浸出液中含有的挥发脂肪酸具有起泡作用和捕收作用。较新鲜的浸出液比陈放的浸出液要好，因为，细菌作用使陈放过的浸出液中的挥发性脂肪酸含量减少。用隔膜过滤法可富集其中的有机化合物，大幅度降低这种药剂的运输费用和体积。填埋气体冷凝物也是挥发脂肪酸提纯和富集的来源。滤液经浮选后生化氧需要量大大降低，因为矿物表面和泡沫的吸附，除去了挥发的脂肪酸。浸出液中的氨氮化合物留在水相中，形成了需要处置的尾矿水成份。适当浓度的氨氮化合物有利于尾矿植被。本文叙述了用填埋物浸出液及其微孔浓缩物的浮选结果。讨论了浮选尾矿栽培植物的潜在优点。     

抑制剂和起泡剂对捕收剂与矿物作用的交互影响

很多非金属矿物的浮选都是在使用烃基长度为C14～C18的表面活性物质(例如脂肪酸和脂肪胺类捕收剂)、起泡剂和有机抑制剂的条件下进行的.但是,关于起泡剂和有机抑制剂的性质对矿石浮选指标的交互影响,目前实际上还没有可供参考的资料.本文以某些钾盐矿石的浮选工艺为例,研究了起泡剂对阳离子捕收剂脂肪胺在钾盐和黏土质碳酸盐脉石矿物上的吸附作用的影响、以及对有机抑制剂的作用效果的影响.已经查明,就降低黏土质碳酸盐脉石矿物对矿物可浮性的不利影响来说,在加入起泡剂以后捕收剂的胶体性质的变化,对于有机抑制剂的作用效果有着很大的影响.研究结果表明,在选择起泡剂和抑制剂时,将它们配合使用能获得最佳的浮选指标.实验室试验研究结果已得到半工业试验验证.并已制定了浮选处理钾盐矿石的半工业试验工艺流程和药剂制度.     

Influence of coal particles on froth stability and flotation performance

Solid particles have significant effect on flotation froth. In this research, the effects of coal particles of different size and hydrophobicity on froth stability and flotation performance were studied. The froth stability was measured in both the froth formation and froth decay processes by maximum froth height, froth half-life time and water recovery. The results show that fine particles of moderate hydrophobicity contributed most to maximum froth height in the froth formation process and were most favorable for flotation. Fine hydrophilic particles stabilized the froth in the froth formation process but the froth half-life time was very short due to the high water solid ratio. High hydrophobic particles of both fine and coarse size fractions greatly increased the froth half-life time in the froth decay process. But the froths were very rigid and the maximum froth heights were very low. The presence of fine hydrophobic particles was very unfavorable for the recovery of coarse particles.     

Dynamic froth stability in froth flotation

A new measure for froth stability is introduced in this work, based on a dynamic stability test for non-overflowing froth columns. The dynamic stability factor represents the lifetime of a bubble in the froth, and is defined as the ratio of the total volume of froth at equilibrium to the volumetric gas rate introduced into the system. Experiments have been carried out at laboratory scale to measure the dynamic stability factor under different operating conditions. Air flowrate and frother concentration were the key operating variables. It was found that the equilibrium height and the dynamic stability factor depend significantly upon both the air flowrate and the frother concentration. Also, the dynamic stability factor and the fraction of air overflowing as unbroken bubbles in batch flotation tests were related and can be used to establish a stability criteria. These measurements will also allow a clearer quantitative link to be formed between froth stability with froth structure and flotation performance.     

无机盐阳离子对粉煤灰浮选泡沫稳定性的影响研究

粉煤灰中矿物组成的自然属性使得浮选脱炭体系的泡沫稳定性较差,从而影响了未燃炭的有效脱除。通过添加无机盐阳离子的方式来改变粉煤灰浮选矿浆体系的液相性质,研究了不同离子种类和含量对两相泡沫和粉煤灰浮选三相泡沫稳定性的影响,并进行了浮选验证。研究结果表明：无机盐阳离子的添加提高了泡沫的稳定性,阳离子价态越高,这种稳定作用就越明显。利用泡沫稳定性调节中的离子效应,对采自湖北黄石的粉煤灰样品进行了浮选脱炭的验证试验,结果表明：Fe3+对泡沫的稳定作用有效提高了粉煤灰的浮选脱炭效果,与空白浮选体系相比,在Fe3+浓度为3 mmol/L的条件下,浮选低炭灰烧失量由8.85%降低至5.57%,炭脱除率由41.94%提升至74.55%;与添加Fe3+的浮选体系相比,Mg2+和Na+对浮选指标的提高作用依次减弱。     

Correlation of air recovery with froth stability and separation efficiency in coal flotation

Recent research progress in hard rock mineral flotation shows that froth stability can be represented by air recovery, which is defined as the fraction of air entering a flotation cell that overflows the weir in unburst bubbles, and that air recovery has strong correlation with the separation performance of mineral flotation. Yet no experimental work on air recovery has been devoted to coal flotation. This paper studies air recovery in coal flotation and examines the links between air recovery, froth stability and coal flotation performance. A series of experiments were conducted using a laboratory-scale mechanical flotation cell at various methyl isobutyl carbinol (MIBC) concentrations and aeration rates. It was found that air recovery has a strong correlation with dynamic froth stability determined by measuring the maximum froth height in a non-overflowing froth column. At a fixed aeration rate (hydrodynamic condition) and various MIBC concentrations, a strong correlation between air recovery and coal flotation performance was also observed.     

降低浮选泡沫稳定性的探索试验

针对浮选生产中浮选泡沫过于稳定而困扰生产的问题,研究采用分步释放浮选试验结果来判断泡沫的稳定性,以煤粒粘附百分比来定量分析判断泡沫的稳定性。试验结果表明,当煤油作为捕收剂时,浮选泡沫稳定性小于轻柴油。林西选煤厂浮选入料的单元浮选试验表明:煤油、轻柴油或者两者以不同比例掺混,其浮选效果无显著性差别,从而为生产中降低浮选泡沫稳定性提供了参考。     

煤泥浮选泡沫图像分割与特征提取

针对在煤泥浮选泡沫图像中的煤泥气泡互相粘连、边界模糊的情况,根据分水岭变换模拟浸水原理,提出一种新的、有效的分割算法,同时应用数学形态学中的腐蚀和膨胀算法,解决了经典分水岭算法不能处理的过分割和欠分割问题,使得粘连的煤泥气泡得到了有效的分割.然后计算出各个煤泥气泡的横截面积、周长、形状等物理特征参数,这些参数是实现自动控制浮选过程的重要依据.     

铝土矿浮选三相泡沫稳定性研究

针对铝土矿浮选精矿三相泡沫体系,研究了表面疏水的一水硬铝石对铝土矿三相泡沫稳定性的影响规律。研究表明,影响三相泡沫稳定性的因素主要有颗粒大小、固体浓度和颗粒的疏水性。     

Complexing collecting agent for selective flotation of chalcopyrite

Under analysis is interaction between 1-phenyl-2,3-dimethylaminopyrazolone-5 (AMD) and copper in solution and on the surface of chalcopyrite. It is found that AMD experiences chemical adsorption on the surface of chalcopyrite as a compound with copper. Effect exerted on adsorption of AMD agent on copper sulfide by ammonium rhodanate (NH₄CNS), introduced as an additional ligand, or its mixture with acetic acid is defined. Based on the analytical research and the analytical chemistry data, the type of adsorption on the surface of chalcopyrite is determined. The flotation tests on monomineral fraction of chalcopyrite and pyrite, and copper sulfide ore prove selectivity of AMD in separation of chalcopyrite and pyrite.     

基于改进的SuperGlue模型的浮选泡沫稳定度检测方法研究

在浮选过程中,浮选泡沫保持一定的稳定度对保证浮选指标的稳定至关重要。由于浮选泡沫本身的复杂性和现有检测方法的局限性,目前还无法对工业现场泡沫的稳定度进行定量检测和评估。为此,开发了一种基于改进的SuperGlue模型的浮选泡沫图像特征匹配算法,用于对浮选泡沫的稳定度进行测量。该算法采用改进的SuperPoint模型网络对泡沫图像进行特征点提取,将原有的VGG网络进行了改进,利用特征匹配模型对所得到的两组特征点进行匹配,再进行误匹配精筛选,设置置信度阈值进一步提升匹配精度。对比了在匹配算法中应用比较多的GMS算法,本文算法的有效特征点匹配对数提升了19.58%,匹配精度达99.85%。与传统灰度差值法对比,本文的泡沫稳定度测量方法对不同状态的泡沫可辨识性提升明显,极大地提高了图像检测灵敏度,可以满足生产对泡沫稳定度测量的要求。     

Prediction of coal response to froth flotation based on coal analysis using regression and artificial neural network

In this paper, the combustible value (i.e. 100-Ash) and combustible recovery of coal flotation concentrate were predicted by regression and artificial neural network based on proximate and group macerals analysis. The regression method shows that the relationships between (a) ln (ash), volatile matter and moisture (b) ln (ash), ln (liptinite), fusinite and vitrinite with combustible value can achieve the correlation coefficients (R²) of 0.8 and 0.79, respectively. In addition, the input sets of (c) ash, volatile matter and moisture (d) ash, liptinite and fusinite can predict the combustible recovery with the correlation coefficients of 0.84 and 0.63, respectively. Feed-forward artificial neural network with 6-8-12-11-2-1 arrangement for moisture, ash and volatile matter input set was capable to estimate both combustible value and combustible recovery with correlation of 0.95. It was shown that the proposed neural network model could accurately reproduce all the effects of proximate and group macerals analysis on coal flotation system.