Effect of crushed air-cooled blast furnace slag on mechanical properties of concrete

Morphology characteristics of mix aggregates with crushed air-cooled blast furnace slag(SCR) and crushed limestone(LCR) with 5-20 mm and 20-40 mm gradation were represented by numerical parameters including angularity number(AN) and index of aggregate particle shape and texture(IAPST).The effect of mix aggregates containing SCR on compressive strength and splitting tensile strength of concrete was investigated.Fracture characteristics of concrete,interfacial structure between aggregates and matrix were analyzed.The experimental results show that porous and rough SCR increases contact area with matrix in concrete,concave holes and micro-pores on the surface of SCR are filled by mortar and hydrated cement paste,which may increase interlocking and mechanical bond between aggregate and matrix in concrete.SCR can be used to produce a high-strength concrete with better mechanical properties than corresponding concrete made with LCR.The increase of AN and IAPST of aggregate may enhance mechanical properties of concrete.     

沥青混凝土中粗集料形貌特征分析

为分析沥青混凝土中粗集料形貌特征,了解其对沥青混合料性能的影响.利用工业CT对不同级配沥青混凝土断面进行扫描,用图像处理技术和统计学方法从扫描图像中获取粗集料的形貌参数,分析粗集料级配对形貌参数的影响.结果表明:CT扫描结合图像处理技术可准确获取沥青混凝土中粗集料形貌参数;粗集料颗粒的纵横比AR_1和AR_2和棱角性的累积分布概率服从三参数威博尔分布;轮廓分形维数、纵/横向趋向参数、纵向偏角均值以及面积参数对粗集料级配的变化表现敏感;而纵/横向趋向参数、纵向偏角均值、轮廓分形维数、棱角性和面积参数,能够显著表征4.75 mm粒径集料的通过率变化.     

不同骨料级配透水混凝土的性能研究及其孔隙识别

依据体积堆积理论采用5~10、10~15、15~20 mm单粒级的碎石骨料设计和配制孔隙率分别为15%、20%、25%的透水混凝土,利用相关数学模型探究实测孔隙率与透水混凝土性能相关性,通过平面孔隙二值化识别透水混凝土内部孔隙结构特征。结果表明:透水混凝土的实测孔隙率能达到设计孔隙率的90%以上,与表观密度呈现良好的线性关系,与透水系数和抗压强度均呈现良好的幂函数关系。设计孔隙率的变化对骨料粒径较小的透水混凝土的透水性能影响较大,较小的骨料粒径有利于增加透水混凝土的28 d抗压强度,较大的骨料粒径有利于增加透水混凝土的透水系数。设计孔隙率与骨料粒径的增大均能使透水混凝土内部孔隙等效直径增大,降低孔隙曲折度,改变骨料级配,但骨料粒径的影响作用更为明显,二者的作用机理不同。     

基于图像的粗集料形态对沥青面层抗剪性能的影响

由轮廓形状、棱角性和表面纹理量化的矿质集料的形态(形状特征)对沥青混合料的性能具有极为明显的影响.为研究粗集料形态对沥青面层抗剪性能的影响,将粗集料形态视为首要因素,定义了基于图像的粗集料形状参数,采用编制的图像处理程序,获取了五组颗粒形状特征不同的粗集料其形状参数,运用单轴贯入试验分析了粗集料形态参数对SAC_16混合料抗剪强度的影响.结果表明,粗集料各种形态参数对混合料抗剪强度都有不同程度的影响,且扁平比对抗剪强度的影响最大,必须控制粗集料中扁平颗粒的含量.     

骨料对透水混凝土性能的影响

试验研究了骨料品种、骨料粒径对透水混凝土主要性能的影响。试验结果表明：在相同骨料粒径的情况下,由碎石骨料配置的透水混凝土总孔隙率和透水系数明显大于卵石骨料配置的透水混凝土,碎石的强度变化幅度比卵石的变化幅度明显;随着骨料粒径的增大两种骨料配置的透水混凝土的孔隙率、透水系数均有所增大,在同一配合比情况下,随着骨料粒径的增大透水混凝土的强度呈非线性变化,且存在最佳粒径尺寸。     

Fabrication and characterization of porous mullite ceramics from pyrolysis of alumina powders filled silicone resin

Porous mullite ceramics were fabricated from pyrolysis of nanometer alumina powders filled silicone resin. At 1573 K, the mixture of nanometer γ-Al2O3 and silicone resin can be entirely transformed to mullite in air. The effects of shaping pressure on microstructure and mechanical property were investigated. Increasing shaping pressure leads to decrease in open porosity and average pore size, narrower pore size distribution, and improvement in flexural strength. With a shaping pressure of 43 MPa, nanoporous mullite ceramics with an average pore size of 50 nm can be obtained, showing 33% in open porosity and 42 MPa in flexural strength. The microstructure of porous mullite ceramics consists of dense region and loose region.     

橡胶沥青混合料密实度影响因素试验分析

通过马歇尔击实试验对橡胶沥青混合料的胶粉参量、集料特性、击实方法等方面展开研究,分析其最大蜡封干密度、油石比和空隙率,得出影响橡胶沥青混合料密实度的因素及变化规律。试验结果表明:胶粉掺量对混合料密实度影响很小;对于龙嫩公路用混合料级配,通过优化级配来提高密实度的提升空间不大;集料吸水率对空隙率影响明显,吸水率增加1%时,混合料空隙率增大约2%;相同的马歇尔试件100次击实比75次击实空隙率减小了31%,改变击实方法空隙率仅改变了1.6%。     

粗骨料颗粒级配对混凝土强度的影响

分析了粗骨料的最大粒径、颗粒级配对混凝土强度的影响,并从理论上分析了其表面特征和颗粒形状、强度对混凝土性能的影响.经分析得知,粗集料各方面的性能对混凝土的性能有较大的影响,其中以最大粒径和颗粒级配对混凝土性能的影响最为显著,高性能混凝土对粗集料的各方面性能均有较高的要求.     

Design and preparation of high elastic modulus self-compacting concrete for pre-stressed mass concrete structures

Requirements of self-compacting concrete (SCC) applied in pre-stressed mass concrete structures include high fluidity, high elastic modulus, low adiabatic temperature rise and low drying shrinkage, which cannot be satisfied by ordinary SCC. In this study, in order to solve the problem, a few principles of SCC design were proposed and the effects of binder amount, fly ash (FA) substitution, aggregate content and gradation on the workability, temperature rise, drying shrinkage and elastic modulus of SCC were investigated. The results and analysis indicate that the primary factor influencing the fluidity was paste content, and the main methods improving the elastic modulusof SCC were a lower sand ratio and an optimized coarse aggregate gradation. Lower adiabatic temperature rise and drying shrinkage were beneficial for decreasing the cement content. Further, based on the optimization of mixture, a C50 grade SCC (with binder amount of only 480 kg/ m3, fly ash substitution of 40%, sand ratio of 51% and proper coarse aggregate gradation (V _{5-10 mm}: V _{10-16 mm}: V _{16-20 mm}= 30%: 30%:40%)) with superior workability was successfully prepared. The temperature rise and drying shrinkage of the prepared SCC were significantly reduced, and the elastic modulus reached 37.6 GPa at 28 d.     

多孔介质孔隙结构重构及水蒸气传递特性

采用随机生长法分别构造了各向同性、各向异性的孔隙率相同,孔径分布和孔隙表面分形维数不同的多孔介质,探索了在多孔介质孔隙率相同的情况下,微观孔隙结构对孔隙内湿传递过程的影响。结果表明：决定多孔介质内部输运特性的孔隙结构参数,除孔隙率以外,孔径分布和孔隙表面分形维数等参数对多孔介质孔隙中水蒸气扩散过程的影响显著;孔隙率相同,孔径分布和孔隙表面分形维数不同的3种各向同性和3种各向异性多孔介质的水蒸气扩散浓度最大差别分别为30.6%和23.3%;各向同性多孔介质的小孔分布率越大,孔隙表面分形维数越大,说明孔隙的连通性和水蒸气在多孔介质孔隙中的扩散性能越好;各向异性多孔介质（水蒸气扩散的方向垂直于其生长率较大的方向）的大孔分布率越大,孔隙表面分形维数越小,水蒸气在多孔介质孔隙中的传递性能越好。     

Preparation and characterization of novel porous Fe-Si alloys

Porous Fe-Si alloys with different nominal compositions ranging from Fe-10wt% Si to Fe-50wt% Si were fabricated through a reactive synthesis of Fe and Si elemental powder mixtures. The effects of Si contents on the pore structure of porous Fe-Si alloy were investigated in detail. The results showed that the open porosity, gas permeability and maximum pore size of the porous Fe-Si alloys increased with increasing Si contents, indicating that the porosity and pore size can be tailored by changing the Si contents. The pore structure parameter including the open porosity, gas permeability, maximum pore size obeyed the Hagen-Poiseuille formula with the constant G=0.035 m^-1Pa^-1s^-1 for the reactively synthesized porous Fe-Si alloys. The mechanical property of the porous Fe-Si alloys showed applicability in the filtration industries.     

玄武岩沥青混合料路用性能研究

高速公路沥青混凝土上面层集料主要使用玄武岩,而黑龙江省玄武岩矿藏分布广,产量高,为公路沥青路面的修筑提供了更好的条件.采用SMA-16型和AC 16型2种沥青混合料类型进行试验研究,确定黑龙江省地产玄武岩沥青混合料的低温稳定性能指标及水稳定性能力,进而评价其路用性能,以便更科学地选择、使用玄武岩.试验结果显示：对于同种沥青密级配沥青混合料的水稳性好于沥青玛蹄脂碎石混合料,对于沥青混合料的低温抗裂性能表现为SMA-16沥青玛蹄脂混合料好于AC-16密级配沥青混合料.     

The compaction characteristics of hot mixed asphalt mixtures

The quality of compaction is important to the performance of hot mixed asphalt(HMA) pavement. Most premature failures of asphalt pavement are concerned with poor compaction. Compaction characteristic of HMA mixtures were studied. Compaction tests were done with typical widely used HMA mixtures, including dense gradation asphalt mixtures with different nominal maximum aggregate size(AC13,AC20,AC25), and mixtures with different gradation(AC13, SMA13,Sup13 and OGFC13). HMA mixtures were sampled at different compaction temperature and Marshall blow numbers, varying between 60 and 175 ℃ and between 15 and 75 lows, respectively. The compaction characteristics of these mixtures were evaluated. The results showed that the Marshall stability and volumetric properties were significantly affected by the compaction temperature. Mixtures with the same NMAS but different type of gradation need different compaction energy to get the designed density.     

无砂大孔绿化混凝土制备的初步研究

以水泥、单粒级的碎石、掺合料等为原料,制备出满足一定孔隙率和强度要求的无砂大孔绿化混凝土;用FeSO4进行降pH值处理后,将种子和营养士填入混凝土孔隙中,植物能在混凝土孔隙内部发芽和生长.文章初步探索出无砂大孔绿化混凝土孔隙率、强度与水胶比的关系,孔隙率、强度与胶凝材料用量的关系,孔隙率与强度的关系,粗骨料粒级与孔隙率及强度的关系,降低pH值的方法.为进一步深入研究绿化混凝土组成、结构和性能关系及其制备技术奠定了基础.     

逐级填充式沥青混合料粗集料骨架级配设计

沥青混合料的级配是影响沥青路面使用性能的主要因素,而粗集料的骨架是影响级配的首要因素。通过集料逐级填充试验以及粗集料间隙率VCA和骨架强度CBR双控制指标来分析粗集料各粒径之间的相互作用,且采用均匀设计和灰色系统理论分析确定粗集料的关键粒径,推荐粗集料各粒径含量范围。结果表明,逐级填充式沥青混合料粗集料骨架级配与粗集料间隙率VCA和骨架强度CBR之间具有良好的相关性。     

Compressive Strength, Pore Size Distribution and Chloride-ion Penetration of Recycled Aggregate Concrete Incorporating Class-F Fly Ash

The effects of fly ash on the compressive strength, pore size distribution and chloride-ion penetration of recycled aggregate concrete were investigated. Two series of concrete mb：tures were prepared. The concrete mixtures in series I had a water-to-binder ratio and a cement content of 0.55 and 410 kg/ m^3 , respectively. The concrete rnixtures in series II had a water-to-binder ratio and a cement content of 0.45 and 400 kg/ ml respectively. Recycled aggregate was ased as 20% , 50% , and 100% replacements of natural coarse aggregate in the concrete mixtures in both series. In cutdition, fly ash was used as 0% , 25% and 35% by weight replacements of cement. The results show that the compressive strengths of the concrete decreased as the recycled aggregate and the fly ash contents increased. The total porosity and average porosity diameter of the concrete increased us the recycled aggregate content increased. Furtherrruore , an increase in the recycled aggregate content decreased the resistance to chloride ion penetration. Nevertheless, the replacement of cement by 25% fly ush improved the resistance to chloride ion penetration and pore diameters and reduced the total porosity of the recycled aggregate concrete.     

Pore structure of ore granular media by computerized tomography image processing

The pore structure images of ore particles located at different heights of leaching column were scanned with X-ray computerized tomography （CT） scanner, the porosity and pore size distribution were calculated and the geometrical shape and connectivity of pores were analyzed based on image process method, and the three dimensional reconstruction of pore structure images was realized. The results show that the porosity of ore particles bed in leaching column is 42.92%, 41.72%, 39.34% at top, middle and bottom zone, respectively. Obviously it has spatial variability and decreases appreciably along the height of the column. The overall average porosity obtained by image processing is 41.33% while the porosity gotten from general measurement method in laboratory is 42.77% showing the results of both methods are consistent well. The pore structure of ore granular media is characterized as a dynamical space network composed of interconnected pore bodies and pore throats. The ratio of throats with equivalent diameter less than 1.91 mm to the total pores is 29.31%, and that of the large pores with equivalent diameter more than 5.73 mm is 2.90%.     

Effects of fly ash/diatomite admixture with variable particle sizes on the mechanical properties and porosity of concrete

Fly ash and diatomite were mixed uniformly and ground within various time scale and fly ash/diatomite admixtures with variable particle sizes were obtained. Effects of particle size distributions of the admixtures on the mechanical properties and porosity of concrete were studied. The relationship between the size distribution of the admixture and the concrete porosity was obtained based on the regression analysis of the data. The results show that compressive and flexural strengths of the concrete at 3 d and 7 d increase with the decrease of the admixture particle size. With regards to the concrete at 14 d, lowering the particle size of fly ash/diatomite admixture leads to the increasing of the compressive and flexural strength of the concrete, before decreasing afterwards again. At the d50 value of 15.2 μm, the mechanical properties of concrete were greatly improved. In addition, finer particle of the fly ash/diatomite admixture leads to significant micro-aggregate effect and volcanic ash effect and thus obtains denser pore structure, smaller porosity and higher hydration degree of the cementitious material. Especially for the samples curing at the early stage, the improving effect on the pore structure was obvious.     

抗分散透水性混凝土性能研究

对透水混凝土的水泥浆进行改性,得出耐离析、高流动性能的透水混凝土。通过室内研究系统研究了灰骨比、水灰比、骨料级配对透水混凝土强度、密度、孔隙率、渗透性的影响规律。试验结果表明:抗分散剂可有效解决水泥浆下沉及离析的问题;抗分散透水混凝土的灰骨比对混凝土的性能有显著影响,水灰比的影响较小;集料级配对混凝土的强度及孔隙率具有一定的影响。基于上述试验,得出适用于现场施工的透水混凝土配合比,通过现场试验验证了振动沉管法施工透水性混凝土桩的可行性,并验证了透水性混凝土桩具有较高承载力。     

沥青混合料离析与空隙率的相关性分析

以SUP16型沥青混合料为例,对现场施工中不同离析状况的沥青混合料进行了性能分析和试验研究,分析了沥青混合料集料离析和温度离析与空隙率的变化关系,以及空隙率对沥青路面压实度和平整度的影响.结果表明:粗集料集中混合料的空隙率平均值为9.5,吸水率高达2.0,粗集料离析对沥青混合料性能的影响更严重;空隙率的变化受沥青混合料温度的影响很明显.随着温度降低幅度增加.空隙率与设计值的偏离增大.路面的压实质量和平整度变差.