活体生物计算模型的研究进展及展望(英文)

活体生物计算模型是基于生物体内各种生化分子以特定的形式互相协作、处理信息的能力而出现的一种新的计算模型．由于其计算组成部件是直接镶嵌在生物活体里面,并且显示具有一定的计算能力,这可以使人们深人研究生物体信息处理能力以及获得对这种能力的有效控制．该文介绍了近几年几类体内生物计算模型,用于求解NP完全问题、基因逻辑电路、分子自动机研究状况,并对未来的发展方向进行了展望．     

最小支配集问题的活体分子计算模型

生物体内分子网络巾信息的传输、储存、放大、整合等大量仟务可以看成是一种生物分子计算过程.文中提出了一种活体分子计算模型,借助RNA干扰技术和乳糖操纵子调控模型,在细胞内构建了一个基因网络,用于求解图的最小支配集.该模型展示了利用牛物体自身的信息处理能力进行计算的能力,在生物体内建立具有一定智能的分子机器,这将在计算科学、生物学、医学上有着深远的应用前景.     

普适计算综述

1 引言普适计算(Pervasive Computing)概念最早源自Xerox PARC(Palo Alto Research Center)计算机科学实验室首席科学家Mark Weiser在1988年提出的“Ubiquitous Computing(缩写为Ubicomp或UC)”思想,现在文献中又常以“Pervasive Computing”出现。其基本思想是为用户提供服务的普适计算技术将从用户意识中彻底消失,即用户和周围环境(无数大大小小的计算设备)在潜意识上进行交互,用户不会有意识地弄     

量子计算与量子计算机

量子计算的强大运算能力使得量子计算机具有广阔的应用前景。该文简要介绍了量子计算的发展现状和基本原理,列举了典型的量子算法,阐明了量子计算机的优越性,最后预测了量子计算及量子计算机的应用方向。     

Case Studies on Cache Performance and Optimization of Programs with Unit Strides

Cache performance in modern computers is important for program efficiency. A cache is thrashing if a significant amount of time is spent moving data between the memory and the cache. This paper presents two cache thrashing examples, one in scientific computing and one in image processing, both of which involve several one-dimensional arrays that are accessed sequentially, i.e., with unit strides. Accessing arrays in unit strides was considered very efficient on cache-based computer systems. However, the existence of cache thrashing is demonstrated by significant increases in computing speed in the equivalent programs tuned for cache locality. This shows that accessing several arrays sequentially may cause cache thrashing. Thus, to improve cache performance, it is important that the compiler or the programmer takes all arrays inside a loop into consideration. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

一种DNA计算机与电子计算机之间的通信模型

提出了一种DNA计算机和电子计算机之间通信的层次模型.首先,为了使电子计算机能够对DNA计算进行控制,研究并设计了适合于DNA计算的反应器;然后给出了DNA计算机与电子计算机之间通信的层次模型;最后描述了选择操作在该层次模型上的求解方法以表明其可行性.本文工作为发展DNA计算机和电子计算机相集成的杂合计算机提供了一种通信模型和方法.     

云计算背景下计算机安全问题及对策

随着计算机行业的不断的发展,计算机行业已经走过了许多个阶段,云计算作为一种基于互联网的计算的模式,是计算机发展的一个新阶段。云计算为大型计算环境的构架提出了一个全新的视角以及实现方式,为计算机的发展开辟了一个新领域。云计算为实现软件的按需求服务和软件的基础资源化提供了一定的可能性,同时也为计算机信息安全提供了新的挑战。     

Physical modeling of biomolecular computers: Models,limitations, and experimental validation

A principal challenge facing the development and scaling of biomolecular computers is the design of physically well-motivated, experimentally validated simulation tools. In particular, accurate simulations of computational behavior are needed to establish the feasibility of new architectures, and to guide process implementation, by aiding strand design. Key issues accompanying simulator development include model selection, determination of appropriate level of chemical detail, and experimental validation. In this work, each of these issues is discussed in detail, as presented at the workshop on simulation tools for biomolecular computers (SIMBMC), held at the 2003 Congress on Evolutionary Computation. The three major physical models commonly applied to model biomolecular processes, namely molecular mechanics, chemical kinetics, and statistical thermodynamics, are compared and contrasted, with a focus on the potential of each to simulate various aspects of biomolecular computers. The fundamental and practical limitations of each approach are considered, along with a discussion of appropriate chemical detail, at the biopolymer, process, and system levels. The relationship between system analysis and design is addressed, and formalized via the DNA Strand Design problem (DSD). Finally, the need for experimental validation of both underlying parameter sets and overall predictions is discussed, along with illustrative examples.Authors contributed equally to the present work.     

Development,evaluation and benchmarking of simulation software for biomolecule-based computing

Simulators for biomolecular computing, (both in vitro and in silico), have come to play an important role in experimentation, analysis, and evaluation of the efficiency and scalability of DNA and biomolecule based computing. Simulation in silico of DNA computing is useful to support DNA-computing algorithm design and to reduce the cost and effort of lab experiments. Although many simulations have now been developed, there exists no standard for simulation software in this area. Reliability, performance benchmarks, user interfaces, and accessibility are arguably the most important criteria for development and wide spread use of simulation software for BMC. The requirements and evaluation of such software packages for DNA computing software are discussed, particularly questions about software development, appropriate user environments, standardization of benchmark data sets, and centrally available common repositories for software and/or data.     

How ciliates manipulate their own DNA – A splendid example of natural computing

DNA computing is a novel and vivid researcharea which is genuinely interdisciplinary –computer scientists and molecular scientistscollaborate to investigate the use of DNAmolecules for the purpose of computing. DNAcomputing in vivo is the investigation ofcomputations taking place naturally in a livingcell, with the goal of understandingcomputational properties of DNA molecules intheir native environment. Gene assembly inciliates (single cell organisms) is perhaps themost involved process of DNA manipulation yetknown in living organisms. The computationalnature of this process has attracted muchattention in recent years. The resultsobtained so far demonstrate that this processof gene assembly is a splendid example ofcomputing taking place in nature, i.e., NaturalComputing. Indeed, DNA computing in vivomay be far more widespread in nature than wecurrently recognize. This paper is a tutorialon (computational nature of the) gene assemblyin ciliates, which is intended for a broadaudience of researchers interested in NaturalComputing. In particular, no knowledge ofmolecular biology is assumed on the part of themotivated reader.     

一套二进制向量-矩阵乘法运算的光计算系统

对计算机前沿领域的光计算进行了讨论研究,介绍了光计算的核心运算器——光学向量-矩阵乘法器的工作原理,从实验角度出发,设计出了一套性能稳定的可实现二进制向量-矩阵乘法运算的光计算系统,并分析了此套系统的光学原理和性能特点。此系统具有矩阵乘法运算、数码显示、电压输出等功能,是一套实用性很强的教学科研演示产品,对光学乘法器以及光计算的研究具有一定的指导意义。     

二维模拟场计算机建模与应用

扩展模拟计算机（uEAC）是一个新兴的非传统计算技术的研究内容.它由模拟电场和多值逻辑组成,两者共同构成计算单元,进行数据计算和信息处理.本文分析了二维uEAC系统结构,对其电场的有限元数学模型进行了推导.在此基础上,开发了基于ANSYS的uEAC仿真器,进一步结合粒子群优化方法来进行其应用优化设计.通过对经典二值异或和三值异或问题的求解,验证了uEAC在解决线性不可分的模式分类问题上的有效性,为uEAC更多的应用提供了开发工具和试验依据.     

浅谈计算机关键技术和移动技术的发展

未来的计算机技术将向超高速、超小型、平行处理、智能化的方向发展。超高速计算机将采用平行处理技术,使计算机系统同时执行多条指令或同时对多个数据进行处理,这是改进计算机结构、提高计算机运行速度的关键技术。随着因特网的迅猛发展和广泛应用,移动计算正是为提高工作效率和随时能够交换和处理信息所提出,业已成为产业发展的重要方向。     

计算思维与大学计算机基础教育改革实践分析

随着计算机技术的迅猛发展,在素质教育活动中展开计算机基础教学已经成为趋势所在。而计算思维作为计算机基础教育活动的核心素养,近年来,教育界中已经提出要将计算思维作为大学计算机基础教育和课程改革的重点,注重培养大学生的计算思维能力和创新能力。基于此本文主要从大学计算机基础教育活动入手,明确当前大学计算机基础教育活动的现状,探索实现对计算思维能力培养的主要措施,旨在能够推动大学计算机基础改革实践,提出计算思维能力的培养建议。     

多媒体技术在计算机教学中的应用

随着计算机技术的迅速发展和广泛应用,多媒体技术以其独特的优势,成为现代教学中重要的辅助手段,该文将结合实际工作经验,从以下几个方面来介绍它在计算机课堂教学中的应用。     

分析计算机应用教学中若干普遍性问题的思考

随着信息化时代的不断发展,计算机逐渐在人们的生活中普及。随着我国科技水平的快速发展,计算机在生活中、学习中都是不可缺少的存在。在我校电大课程里计算机应用课程已经成为了一门任何专业必修的公共基础课,但也正因如此,许多的问题逐渐出现。本文结合现实实践工作所触及到的一些问题来谈谈对现代计算机应用教学的一些想法。     

Computer usage in developing countries: Case study Kuwait

This study is an examination of the position of computing technology in the developing country of Kuwait. The status of computer usage is described. These findings are assessed relative to technology trends, evolutionary computing stages, and/ or results reported in more developed countries; problems and concerns of computer users are identified; and factors potentially related to more successful computer utilization are explored. The following aspects of computer usage are analyzed: computing resources (hardware, software, staff, expenditure), application development methodologies, applications and evaluation. The study provides insight into the results of the transfer of computing technology to a developing country where computer usage is relatively widespread.     

关于办公自动化之中计算机信息传输技术的运用探讨

随着计算机技术的不断发展,给我们的工作、生活带来了巨大便利,大大提高了工作效率.计算机信息传输技术是一种典型的信息技术,让办公自动化程度更加深刻.本文通过一些实践运用经验对计算机信息传输技术在办公自动化中运用的相关问题与解决办法进行探讨,让计算机信息技术更好地为现代化社会服务.     

论计算机应用技术对企业信息化的影响

近年来,计算机应用技术的蓬勃发展和日益普及,不仅极大的便捷了公众生活,更为工作水平的改善带来了新的契机,促使诸多企业纷纷踏上信息化改革征程,以期提高效率、降低成本、增加效益,可见计算机应用技术对企业信息化的影响不容忽视.对此,分析了计算机应用技术对其的影响,并就其实践应用进行了探讨.     

利用脱氧核酶调控基因表达的DNA计算模型研究(英文)

用于逻辑调控基因表达分子自动机的研究是DNA计算的重要研究领域．文中将脱氧核酶技术应用于DNA计算研究当中,利用脱氧核酶的特性,特别是可以作为反义药物的特点,作为构建分子自动机的主要材料,设计了调控基因H—ras表达的DNA计算模型,而且模型也可适用于其它过表达基因的调控．结合DNA计算具备的高度并行性和智能性的优点,该模型为DNA计算在基因表达调控方面的应用做了进一步探索．