沙蚕毒素和杀螟丹的神经毒性--直接封阻昆虫体内烟碱受体/通道

烟碱乙酰胆碱受体(nAChR)是由神经递质泵控制开合的离子通道，它由同系5个亚基组成，穿过突触膜。从nAChR亚基的结构推断它是亲水的胞外区域结构，胆碱能兴奋剂或竞争性封阻剂与受体结合的位点和4个跨膜疏水链段位于此结构中。此外，这5个亚基的另一个跨膜区域结构形成离子通道孔腔．非竞争性封阻剂(NCBs，离子通道封阻剂)     

二氧化钛纳米管的制备、改性及应用

二氧化钛纳米管因其特殊的形貌和高度有序的特性成为了目前研究的热点之一.本文系统回顾了近年来有关二氧化钛纳米管的相关研究,着重阐述了二氧化钛纳米管的制备方法,主要包括模板法、阳极氧化法、水热法;在此基础上,详细论述了掺杂、复合等对二氧化钛纳米管进行改性的方法;并简要介绍了二氧化钛纳米管及其复合材料在环境、能源等领域的应用.最后,展望了二氧化钛纳米管的主要研究方向是对形成机理、管形貌调控、表面改性等方面做进一步研究,以期为后续的研究提供参考.     

植物环肽及其在化妆品领域的应用潜力

植物环肽是由肽键或二硫键环化而成的一类环状化合物，在稳定性、特定蛋白因子识别力、透皮吸收性以及生物活性等方面较直链肽有显著提升，这使其在化妆品行业有着广泛的应用潜力。论述围绕植物环肽的结构分类、提取分离以及生物活性展开，着重介绍了亚麻籽环肽在改善皮肤方面的功效，以期为植物环肽在化妆品领域的应用提供理论参考。     

二氧化钛纳米管制备及其光催化降解有机物应用研究进展

介绍了近年国内外二氧化钛纳米管的几种制备方法,有水热合成法、模板法和阳极氧化法,叙述了二氧化钛纳米管光催化氧化技术在有机污染物降解方面的研究进展。认为今后的研究和发展方向为:优化二氧化钛纳米管光催化反应光谱可利用的范围,提高二氧化钛纳米管的催化活性,探索二氧化钛纳米管光催化氧化降解有机污染物中的优化条件,加强专门针对降解有机污染物的二氧化钛纳米管的研究,进一步的研究反应机理,加强对二氧化钛纳米管在各个领域应用的探索,并转化为实际工程应用。     

阳极氧化法制备TiO_2纳米管微观形貌调控进展

简要介绍了TiO_2纳米管的制备方法,以及采用阳极氧化法制备TiO_2纳米管的原理。综述了近年来国内外在阳极氧化法制备TiO_2纳米管方面的研究进展,并系统阐述了不同制备条件对TiO_2纳米管物理特性的影响,包括阳极氧化时间、氧化温度、氧化电压、电解液中的F-浓度、电解液的p H值、极性有机溶剂种类、煅烧温度等因素对TiO_2纳米管物理形貌及光催化特性影响。对TiO2纳米管在环境治理及新能源开发方面的应用前景进行了展望,认为通过调控阳极氧化工艺参数,制备出具有适宜结构的TiO_2纳米管是提高其光催化效果的关键,可进一步拓展TiO_2半导体材料在光催化领域内的应用。     

纳米管固定化生物分子及其应用

综述了纳米管固定化生物分子的几种主要方法,如交联法、吸附法、包埋法等,并简要地介绍了纳米管固定化生物分子在生物传感、生物催化和生物分离等领域的应用。     

二氧化钛纳米管制备方法及其应用研究进展

讨论了水热合成法和阳极氧化法2种二氧化钛纳米管制备方法,并比较了该2种方法制备的纳米管的区别。针对纳米管特点,对其在光催化、储能、氢敏材料、太阳能染料电池等领域的研究及潜在应用进行了综述,最后对二氧化钛纳米管研究方向提出了建议。     

TiO2纳米管电极光电催化氧化工艺对罗丹明B的脱色

在平面转盘光电液膜反应器的基础上,以纳米管TiO2代替溶胶凝胶法制备的TiO2纳米颗粒结构,以提高对染料废水的脱色效果。在0.5%HF体系和20 V电压下,采用阳极氧化法制得纳米管TiO2膜电极,根据光电响应试验的结果,选取120 min作为氧化时间。以RhB为目标污染物,应用转盘光电液膜反应器,在UV照射下进行脱色研究。结果表明在光催化和光电催化过程中,纳米管TiO2膜电极对RhB的脱色率分别达89%和94%,比溶胶凝胶电极分别提高了66%和10%。最佳脱色条件:转速为80 r/min,偏压为0.8 V。且在处理高浓度的RhB溶液时,纳米管电极的优势更加明显。     

TiO_2电极制备、表征及光电催化研究

文章采用阳极氧化法制备了TiO2纳米管电极、TiO2膜电极,对其进行了SEM、XRD表征的比较。研究了电化学过程、光解、TiO2纳米管的光催化、TiO2纳米管电极的光电催化对五氯苯酚的降解,研究表明光电催化降解速度最快。此外,TiO2纳米管电极和TiO2膜电极对五氯苯酚的光电催化降解也进行了研究。结果表明,TiO2纳米管电极对五氯苯酚光电催化效果明显好于TiO2膜电极,2h二者的降解率分别为81.5%,69%。     

膜乳化法制备高分子微球的研究进展

简要综述了用膜乳化法制备高分子微球的机理、过程参数及其应用方面的最新进展.着重介绍了膜参数、连续相流速、膜跨压差、乳化剂及温度粘度对乳化过程的影响.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。