2-Boc-6-氧代八氢[2,7]萘啶的合成

以奎宁为原料,经羟基氧化、开环、氨基Boe保护、双键臭氧氧化、醛基还原、羟基甲磺酰化后叠氮取代、叠氮基团的氢化还原及分子内环合等9步反应,合成了一种新的萘啶衍生物,即标题化合物.对其中关键的双键臭氧氧化和分子内环合的反应条件进行了研究,确定了较佳反应条件:双键臭氧氧化反应在-78℃下以臭氧为氧化剂、乙酸乙酯为溶剂;分子内环合反应以甲醇钠为碱、甲醇为溶剂,在65℃条件下反应12h.中间体及目标化合物的结构均经核磁共振氢谱、碳谱、质谱和元素分析进行确定.     

1-(2-羟基-3-甲氧苯基)乙酮的合成

1-(2-羟基-3-甲氧苯基)乙酮是一种重要的有机中间体。以邻香兰素为起始原料,经苄基保护、烃化、氧化、脱保护4步反应合成了标题化合物。该方法具有原料廉价易得、操作简便易控、反应条件温和的优点,总收率为66.3%。     

5α-孕甾-18-羧酸-γ-内酯衍生物的合成及抗肿瘤活性

以3α-羟基-5α-孕甾-20-酮为原料,经羰基还原、甲基卤化、分子内环合、羟基保护、氧化加成、水解6步反应得到3α,20,20-三羟基-5α-孕甾-18-羧酸-γ-内酯衍生物。目标化合物及中间体经~1HNMR、~(13)CNMR、IR以及HR-MS表征。通过细胞增殖抑制实验(MTT法)测定3个代表性化合物对人肺癌细胞(A549)、人卵巢癌细胞(SKOV3)、人胃癌细胞(MKN45)和高转移性人乳腺癌细胞(MDA-MB-435)的体外抑制活性。3α,20,20-三羟基-5α-孕甾-18-羧酸-γ-内酯对这些肿瘤细胞的抑制活性最好,其IC_(50)值分别为23.5(A549)、3.8(SKOV3)、13.1(MKN45)、8.6 (MDA-MB-435)μmol/L。     

3,4-二(4′-氨基-3′,5′-二硝基苯基)氧化呋咱的合成及热性能

以4-甲氧基苯腈为原料,经肟化、重氮化、脱氮、关环、硝化及胺化等六步反应合成3,4-二(4′-氨基-3′,5′-二硝基苯基)氧化呋咱(DANBF),并优化了肟化、氧化呋咱成环及硝化反应的条件,用DSC、TG等对目标化合物的热性能进行了表征。结果表明,氧化呋咱成环反应的最适宜条件为:Na2CO3摩尔量为理论摩尔量的1.35倍,反应温度2～10℃,反应时间5h,收率58.1%,纯度不小于99.0%(HPLC)。芳基取代的氧化呋咱化合物具有较好的热稳定性。     

合成联苯-4-甲酸的新方法

以联苯和草酰氯为原料,通过傅克酰基化反应合成联苯-4-酮酸乙酯,经碱性水解得联苯-4-酮酸,在双氧水作用下,酮酸发生氧化脱羰基反应得目标产物.对酰化条件进行了优化并详细考察了氧化剂种类、双氧水浓度、物料配比、反应温度和时间对氧化脱羰基反应的影响,确定较佳的工艺条件:10％双氧水作氧化剂,n(联苯-4-酮酸)∶n(双氧水)=1∶2,反应时间为3h,反应温度为0～5℃.在此条件下,联苯-4-甲酸的收率为81.9％(以原料联苯计),纯度为99.5％ (HPLC面积归一化法).产物结构经熔点、1HNMR和13CNMR和质谱表征.     

(2,3-二甲氧基-6-甲酰基)苯基-β-D-葡萄糖苷的合成

为了优化和改进糖苷化反应的合成工艺,首先以β-D-葡萄糖为原料,经乙酰化、溴代反应合成了糖供体2,3,4,6-O-四乙酰基-α-D-溴代葡萄糖(Ⅲ);再与2-羟基-3,4-二甲氧基苯甲醛(Ⅳ)经糖苷化反应合成了2,3,4,6-O-四乙酰基-(2,3-二甲氧基-6-甲酰基)苯基-β-D-葡萄糖苷(Ⅴ);最后对化合物Ⅴ进行水解得到了目标化合物(2,3-二甲氧基-6-甲酰基)苯基-β-D-葡萄糖苷(Ⅵ)。结果表明:在合成氧糖苷(Ⅴ)的过程中,采用无水K_2CO_3为缚酸剂,四丁基溴化铵(TBAB)为相转移催化剂,反应收率可达78.9%;化合物Ⅴ水解的最优条件是以甲醇为溶剂、无水K_2CO_3为催化剂。所得到产物经核磁、红外、质谱表征,证明为目标化合物。     

两种异穿心莲内酯-3-酮肟的合成及表征

以穿心莲内酯为起始原料,通过脱羟基、三苯甲烷保护、羟基氧化、脱保护、肟化等反应过程,合成了2个未见文献报道的异穿心莲内酯-3-酮肟类化合物,收率分别为54.3%和59.1%,其结构经~1H NMR、~(13)C NMR、ESI-MS以及元素分析进行表征。     

3-氰基-4-哌啶酮盐酸盐的合成与表征

以β-丙氨酸甲酯盐酸盐和丙烯腈为原料,经氨基的迈克尔加成、Boc(叔丁氧羰基)保护、分子内环合以及脱保护等4步反应制备了3-氰基-4-哌啶酮盐酸盐,总收率73.7%。对关键的杂原子的迈克尔加成和分子内环合的反应条件进行了优化,得到了迈克尔加成反应较佳的工艺条件:甲醇为溶剂,甲醇钠为碱,丙烯腈∶β-丙氨酸甲酯盐酸盐∶甲醇钠为1.25∶1∶1(物质的量比),反应温度为50℃,反应时间为6h;环合反应较佳的工艺条件:以甲苯为溶剂,氢化钠为碱,反应温度为80℃,反应时间为2h。目标产物的结构经核磁共振氢谱、碳谱和质谱确证。     

2-溴-1,4,5-三甲氧基萘的简便合成

目标化合物是合成具有抗癌、抗菌作用化合物的中间体,将通过简单易行的方法合成。以1,5-二羟基萘(Ⅰ)为起始原料,通过与乙酸酐进行酰化反应,得到1,5-二乙酰氧基萘(Ⅱ),再与N-溴代丁二酰亚胺、乙酸进行溴代、氧化反应得到2-溴-5-乙酰氧基-1,4-萘醌(Ⅲ),最后化合物Ⅲ与连二硫酸钠、氢氧化钾和硫酸二甲酯进行还原、水解和甲基化的"一步法"反应得到目标化合物,3步反应总产率为62%,中间体及目标化合物的结构均经IR、~1HNMR、~(13)CNMR和HRMS表征。     

5-咪唑甲基-二氢吡咯-3-甲酸甲酯的合成

以组氨酸为原料,经选择性咪唑环氮的保护、氨基迈克尔加成、甲基化、关环、还原和消除等反应合成了标题化合物.对其中关键步骤氨基迈克尔加成反应和分子内关环反应进行了研究,获得了较优的工艺条件:在迈克尔加成反应中以甲醇钠为碱,甲醇为溶剂;在分子内环化反应中选择以叔丁醇钾为碱,四氢呋喃为溶剂.目标产物的总收率为28.3％,结构经1HNMR和MS进行了确证.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。