类Fenton-固绿褪色光度法测定矿泉水瓶中微量双酚A

基于双酚A对类Fenton反应产生的羟基自由基氧化固绿水溶液具有抑制作用原理,建立了褪色光度法测定矿泉水瓶中微量双酚A的新方法。考察盐酸、硫酸铁铵、固绿和H_2O_2的用量以及反应温度和反应时间等因素对溶液吸光值的影响。实验结果表明,该方法操作简单、便于快速分析,方法的线性范围为3.0×10~(-4)~9.0×10~(-3)g/L,相关系数0.9954,检出限为2.8×10~(-4)g/L。该方法用于不同品牌矿泉水瓶中微量双酚A的测定时,测定结果的RSD为2.9%~3.2%,回收率在93%~104%之间。     

罗丹明B分光光度法测定双酚A含量

在硫酸介质中,双酚A对Fenton反应产生的羟基自由基氧化罗丹明B的反应有抑制作用,据此建立了分光光度法测定双酚A的新方法。探讨硫酸用量、罗丹明B浓度、过氧化氢浓度、反应时间和反应温度等因素对体系的影响。在最佳实验条件下,方法的线性回归方程为(ΔA)578nm=0.009+6 843.1ρ,相关系数为0.998 4,线性范围为1.2×10~(-6)~1.0×10~(-4) mg/mL,检出限为8.2×10~(-7) mg/mL。该方法应用于实际样品的测定,测定结果的相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.6%~3.2%,回收率为91.0%~104.0%。     

催化动力学光度法测定合金钢中的痕量铌

在硫酸介质中,痕量铌对溴酸钾氧化结晶紫的褪色反应有良好的催化作用,作者由此建立了测定痕量铌的催化动力学光度法。通过绘制吸收曲线,选定实验的测定波长为545 nm。运用单因素实验方法,选择了最佳的实验条件:1.0 mol/L的硫酸用量为2.0 mL,0.10 mol/L的溴酸钾用量为2.5 mL,0.50 g/L结晶紫用量为0.5 mL,反应时间为4 min,反应温度为100℃。该方法的线性范围在0~50μg/L之间,工作曲线的线性方程为ΔA=0.926CNb-3.64×10-3(相关系数r=0.999 3),检出限达到6.1×10-10g/mL。将该方法应用于合金钢样品中痕量铌的测定,结果令人满意。     

结晶紫褪色光度法测定四溴双酚A的含量

在硫酸介质中,四溴双酚A对Fenton反应产生的羟基自由基氧化结晶紫的反应具有抑制作用,据此建立了分光光度法测定四溴双酚A含量的新方法。探讨不同酸介质、硫酸用量、结晶紫浓度、H2O2浓度、反应时间和反应温度等因素对反应体系的影响。在选定实验条件下,方法的线性回归方程为:ΔA=0.0027+22732c,相关系数r2=0.9931,线性范围:0.004⁰.032μg/mL,检出限为3.7×10-7μg/mL。将方法应用于实际样品的测定,加标实验回收率为86%0.032μg/mL,检出限为3.7×10-7μg/mL。将方法应用于实际样品的测定,加标实验回收率为86%¹08%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为4.3%108%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为4.3%⁵.1%。该方法简便快速,结果令人满意。     

微乳液增敏动力学光度法测定水样中的痕量铜

基于铜(Ⅱ)对过氧化氢氧化溴甲酚紫退色反应的强烈催化作用,建立了在非离子型微乳液存在下一种测定痕量铜(Ⅱ)的新方法。通过L9(34)正交实验设计得到测定痕量铜的最佳条件,在优化的实验条件下,在0.05 mol/L的氨水溶液中,以588 nm为测定波长,本方法测定在0~1.6 ng/mL范围内吸光度ΔA与Cu2+浓度呈线性关系,线性回归方程为:ΔA=-0.004 8+0.024 6c(ng/mL),相关系数为R=0.9979,检出限为1.08×10-8g/L。应用该方法对水样中的痕量铜进行测定,加标回收率为96%~105%。结果表明,该方法具有较高的灵敏度、准确度与精密度,测定过程迅速、简便,水样中常见离子无干扰。     

溴量法测定白藜芦醇的研究

白藜芦醇属多酚类化合物,含有酚羟基和碳碳双键,可以和溴分子发生亲电取代和亲电加成反应,建立了溴量法测定白藜芦醇的化学分析方法。实验测得,室温下,1分子的白藜芦醇可以和4分子的溴反应。在一定范围内,溴试剂用量和HCl用量不影响白藜芦醇与溴的反应系数。将此法应用于葡萄皮和葡萄干乙醇提取液中白藜芦醇含量的测定,浓度为0.070 g/L的提取液,10次测定的标准偏差为6.7×10-4,加标回收率为97.5%;浓度为0.175 g/L的提取液,10次测定的标准偏差为9.4×10-4,加标回收率为98.0%。由此可见,溴量法测定白藜芦醇可靠、准确,适合于测定天然植物提取液中白藜芦醇的含量。     

孔雀石绿分光光度法测定双酚A

在酸性介质中,双酚A对羟基自由基氧化孔雀石绿的反应具有抑制作用,据此建立了测定双酚A含量的分光光度法。在最佳实验条件下,体系的吸光度变化值与双酚A浓度呈线性关系,其线性范围为8.14×10–8~7.02×10–7 mol/L。线性回归方程为ΔA=0.0184+0.452c(×10–6mol/L),线性相关系数为0.9862,检出限为2.44×10–8 mol/L。应用本法测定5种塑料制品中双酚A的含量,回收率在96%~106%之间,RSD在1.5%~3.8%之间。     

本体Claisen转位合成二烯丙基双酚A

双酚A二烯丙醚通过本体Claisen转位反应合成具有四官能团的二烯丙基双酚A,确定了该本体Claisen转位反应为零级反应,在190℃和200℃下反应速率常数分别为3.50×10-4(L·mol-1)-1·s-1,3.80×10-4(L·mol-1)-1·s-1,190℃和200℃下理论反应时间分别为156 min和144 min.反应活化能和反应频率因子分别是1.46×104 J/mol和7.82×10-6.该反应为放热反应,且转位反应过程热释放量大于36 J/g,最佳反应温度区间为180～210℃.     

在线固相萃取-高效液相色谱同时检测水中的双酚A和四溴双酚A

建立了在线固相萃取-高效液相色谱同时检测水中的双酚A和四溴双酚A的简便、快速、灵敏且环境友好的新方法。该方法仅需0.5 min萃取时间和2 mL水样即可实现较高的灵敏度,且过程自动实现,无需手动前处理。TBBPA的线性范围为0.02～5μg/L,检出限为0.013μg/L;BPA的线性范围0.05～5μg/L,检出限为0.019μg/L。将该方法用于实际水样中双酚A和四溴双酚A的测定,结果满意。     

溴量法测定银杏黄酮的研究

银杏黄酮属于多酚类化合物,含有酚羟基,可以和溴分子发生亲电取代反应,据此建立了一种测定银杏黄酮的化学分析方法——溴量法。在实验条件下,研究表明,1分子银杏黄酮可以与5分子溴反应;在一定范围内,盐酸用量、反应时间和溴试剂用量对银杏黄酮与溴的反应系数影响不显著。在对银杏叶提取液浓度1.674 g/L的10次测定的标准偏差为6.48×10-5,加标回收率为98.8%。由此可见,溴量法测定银杏黄酮准确、可靠,可以用于植物提取液中黄酮的分析测定。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。