两个α,β-不饱和酮药物的合成与活性研究

本论文以2-甲氧基苯甲醛、4-甲氧基苯甲醛分别与4-三氟甲基苯甲醛、N-甲基-4-哌啶酮通过Claisen-Schmidt缩合反应得到两个不对称的α,β-不饱和酮化合物3-(4-三氟甲基苯亚甲基)-5-(2-甲氧基苯亚甲基)-N-甲基-4-哌啶酮(A)和3-(4-三氟甲基苯亚甲基)-5-(4-甲氧基苯亚甲基)-N-甲基-4-哌啶酮(B),并通过1H NMR、FTIR、元素分析等进行了充分的结构表征。MTT法评价其对人白血病细胞K562、人单核巨噬细胞THP-1等肿瘤细胞系的抗肿瘤活性及对人正常肝细胞LO2的细胞毒性。研究显示,A和B对K562、THP-1均具有较好的抑制活性。     

哌啶酮桥联的双α,β-不饱和酮药物的合成与活性研究

以2-噻吩甲醛、2-呋喃甲醛分别与4-叔丁基苯甲醛、N-甲基-4-哌啶酮通过Claisen-Schmidt缩合得到两个不对称的α,β-不饱和酮药物3-(4-叔丁基苯亚甲基)-5-(2-呋喃亚甲基)-N-甲基-4-哌啶酮(A)和3-(4-叔丁基苯亚甲基)-5-(2-噻吩亚甲基)-N-甲基-4-哌啶酮(B),并通过1H NMR、FRIR、元素分析等进行了结构表征。MTT法评价其对人白血病细胞(K562)、人单核巨噬细胞(THP-1)等的抗肿瘤活性及对人正常肝细胞(LO2)的细胞毒性。研究显示,A和B对THP-1显示较好的抑制活性和较低的细胞毒性。     

新型7-甲基-5,6,7,8-四氢-3H-吡啶并[4',3'∶4,5]噻吩并[2,3-d]嘧啶酮类Schiff碱的合成及抗肿瘤活性研究

以1-甲基-4-哌啶酮为原料,经过Gewald、成环、缩合等反应合成了14个新型7-甲基-5,6,7,8-四氢-3H-吡啶并[4′,3′∶4,5]噻吩并[2,3-d]嘧啶酮类Schiff碱,其结构经~1HNMR和MS进行确证。初步的生物活性结果表明,目标化合物对荷尔蒙依赖型乳腺癌细胞MCF-7和三阴性乳腺癌细胞MDA-MB-231均有抑制活性,半数抑制浓度(IC_(50))值均达到微摩尔级,其中部分化合物的抗肿瘤活性甚至强于阳性药物5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU)和他莫昔芬。尤其是3-(二茂铁亚胺基)-7-甲基-5,6,7,8-四氢-3H-吡啶并[4′,3′∶4,5]噻吩并[2,3-d]嘧啶-4-酮对MCF-7和MDA-MB-231这两种乳腺癌细胞均展现出了最强的抑制活性,其IC_(50)分别为10.5、7.1μmol/L;此外,目标化合物对正常的MCF-10A细胞没有毒性,而5-氟尿嘧啶和他莫昔芬有毒性。     

双吡啶α,β-不饱和酮抗肿瘤药物的细胞摄取研究

以4-吡啶甲醛与环己酮或N-甲基-4-哌啶酮通过Claisen-Schmidt缩合得到两个吡啶取代的α,β-不饱和酮药物,并通过1HNMR、FT-IR、元素分析等表征其结构。CCK-8法评价其对A549、MCF-7、He PG2、SGC-7901、OVCA-433等肿瘤细胞系的抗肿瘤活性及对正常细胞HUVEC的细胞毒性。研究显示,2,6-二(4-吡啶亚甲基)-1-环己酮对胃癌SGC7901和肝癌He PG2,药物3,5-二(4-吡啶亚甲基)-4-哌啶酮对A549、SGC7901、He PG2均有较好的抑制活性,其中IC5010μmol/L,但对正常细胞HUVEC的细胞毒性较小。此外,通过共聚焦显微成像技术,实时检测了He PG2细胞对两种药物体外的摄取情况,随着药物浓度的升高和作用时间的不断延长,荧光强度也不断增强,说明细胞对药物的摄取量与时间和浓度呈正相关关系。     

羟基哌啶酮抗肿瘤药物的结构及抗肿瘤活性研究

通过X-ray单晶衍射表征药物(3E,5E)-N-苄基-3,5-二(4-羟基苯亚甲基)-4-哌啶酮盐酸盐(A)的结构。A(C_(26)H_(24)ClNO_3,Mr=433.91)结晶在triclinic晶系,P-1空间群,a=9.8813(4),b=11.1292(4),c=12.9552(5)?,α=98.058(3)°,β=108.134(4)°,γ=107.353(3)°,U=1248.93(8)?~3,Z=2。CCK-8法评价其对A549、SGC-7901、HePG2、Hela、K562等肿瘤细胞系的抗肿瘤活性及对正常细胞HUVEC的细胞毒性。结果显示,A对SGC7901、K562和Hela的活性较好,其中对K562的抑制活性最好,IC50=7.86μM。并且对正常细胞HUVEC的细胞毒性较小。     

5-溴-1-甲基吲哚-2,3-二酮的合成

N-甲基-N-对溴苯基-α-甲硫基乙酰胺与高碘酸钠反应得到N-甲基-N-对溴苯基-α-甲亚磺酰基乙酰胺,收率93%,再在对甲苯磺酸作用下发生分子内的Pummerer反应,得到5-溴-1-甲基-3-甲硫基-吲哚-2-酮,收率78%,进一步与二乙酰氧基碘苯反应,得到标题化合物,收率63%,通过IR1、3CNMR1、HNMR等波谱方法证明了产物的结构。     

4-(3′-氯苯氨基)-6-甲氧基喹唑啉类衍生物的合成、表征及抗癌活性研究

以N′-(5-(3-氯丙氧基))-2-氰基-4-甲氧苯基-N,N-二甲基甲脒为原料,经过成环、醚化,合成了4个4-(3′-氯苯氨基)-6-甲氧基喹唑啉类化合物：N-(3′-氯苯基)-6-甲氧基-7-(3-(4-硝基苯氧基)丙氧基)喹唑啉-4-胺、N-(3′-氯苯基)-6-甲氧基-7-(3-(3-硝基苯氧基)丙氧基)喹唑啉-4-胺、4-(3-(4-(3′-氯苯胺基)-6-甲氧基喹唑啉-7-基氧基)丙氧基)-3-甲氧基苯甲醛、3-(3-(4-(3′-氯苯胺基)-6-甲氧基喹唑啉-7-基氧基)丙氧基)-4-甲氧基苯甲醛,收率分别为51.3%、60.3%、85.4%、79.4%。产物的结构经红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱、核磁共振碳谱、质谱和元素分析表征。采用MTT法进行化合物抑制Bcap-37细胞的体外活性测试,结果表明：合成的化合物具有不同程度的抑制Bcap-37细胞的活性, 其中化合物Ιa在10 μmol?L-1浓度下对Bcap-37细胞的抑制率为83.4%。     

噻唑并[3,2-b][1,2,4]三唑酮衍生物的合成及抗癌活性研究

以3,4,5-三甲氧基苯甲酸为原料,经过Claisen缩合等反应设计合成一系列新的噻唑并[3,2-b][1,2,4]三唑-6-酮稠杂环衍生物并测定其体外抗肿瘤活性。目标化合物经~1HNMR、~(13)CNMR和高分辨质谱等表征后,在He La、HCT116、BEL-7402及L-02细胞中用MTT法测定其抑制细胞增殖的程度,并初步判断化合物的体外抗癌活性。结果表明,与临床常用药顺铂(DDP)相比,多数化合物具有抑制肿瘤细胞增殖活性。其中,5-(4-苄氧基苯亚甲基)-2-(3,4,5-三甲氧基苯基)噻唑并[3,2-b][1,2,4]三唑-6(5H)-酮、5-(4-乙酰氧基苯亚甲基)-2-(3,4,5-三甲氧基苯基)噻唑并[3,2-b][1,2,4]三唑-6(5H)-酮、5-(α-呋喃亚甲基)-2-(3,4,5-三甲氧基苯基)噻唑并[3,2-b][1,2,4]三唑-6(5H)-酮和5-(α-噻吩亚甲基)-2-(3,4,5-三甲氧基苯基)噻唑并[3,2-b][1,2,4]三唑-6(5H)-酮对HCT116等3种癌细胞的抑制率高于正常细胞L-02,且对癌细胞有选择性抑制作用,而对正常细胞无毒性,具有良好的后续研究价值。5-(4-氟苯亚甲基)-2-(3,4,5-三羟苯基)噻唑并[3,2-b][1,2,4]三唑-6(5H)-酮对BEL-7402等细胞的抑制率有大幅度提高,但对L-02正常细胞的毒性更大。     

N-杂环异海松酰基磺酰胺的制备及其抗肿瘤活性

为了寻求以天然资源为原料的抗肿瘤药物,以异海松酸为原料,设计并合成了6个N-[4-(异海松酰胺基)苯基]-杂环磺酰胺类化合物(Ⅴa～Ⅴf),采用FTIR、1HNMR、13CNMR和MS对其结构进行了表征.生物活性测试结果表明,部分化合物对人体宫颈癌细胞(Hela)、乳腺癌细胞(MDA-MB-231)、前列腺癌细胞(PC-3)和肝癌细胞(Hep G-2)具有良好的抑制活性.在浓度为100μmol/L时,N-[4-(异海松酰胺基)苯基]-2-氯-5-吡啶磺酰胺(Ⅴd)和N-[4-(异海松酰胺基)苯基]-3-溴-2-氯吡啶-5-磺酰胺(Ⅴe)对4种人体肿瘤细胞都具有良好的抑制活性,对上述人体肿瘤细胞的增殖抑制率均大于95％和94％;N-[4-(异海松酰胺基)苯基]-3-氯喹啉磺酰胺(Ⅴc)对上述肿瘤细胞的增殖具有较好的抑制活性.化合物Ⅴd和Ⅴe对4种肿瘤细胞的半抑制浓度(IC50)均低于临床上应用较广的抗癌剂5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU),其抑制活性优于阳性对照,且对人体正常细胞——人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVEC)的毒性低于对肿瘤细胞的毒性,有一定的临床应用前景.     

4-(3'-氯苯氨基)-6-甲氧基喹唑啉类衍生物的合成、表征及抗癌活性

以N'-[5-(3-氯丙氧基)]-2-氰基-4-甲氧苯基-N,N-二甲基甲脒为原料,经过成环、醚化,合成了4个4-(3'-氯苯氨基)-6-甲氧基喹唑啉类化合物(Ⅰa～Ⅰd):N-(3'-氯苯基)-6-甲氧基-7-[3-(4-硝基苯氧基)丙氧基]喹唑啉-4-胺(Ⅰa)、N-(3'-氯苯基)-6-甲氧基-7-[3-(3-硝基苯氧基)丙氧基]喹唑啉-4-胺(Ⅰb)、4-{3-[4-(3'-氯苯胺基)-6-甲氧基喹唑啉-7-基氧基]丙氧基}-3-甲氧基苯甲醛(Ⅰc)、3-{3-[4-(3'-氯苯胺基)-6-甲氧基喹唑啉-7-基氧基]丙氧基}-4-甲氧基苯甲醛(Ⅰd),收率分别为51.3%、60.3%、85.4%、79.4%。产物的结构经IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS和元素分析表征。采用MTT法进行化合物抑制Bcap-37细胞的体外活性测试,结果表明,合成的化合物具有不同程度抑制Bcap-37细胞的活性,其中化合物Ⅰa在10μmol/L浓度下对Bcap-37细胞的抑制率为83.4%。     

尼洛替尼的合成研究

3-乙酰基吡啶与N,N-二甲基甲酰胺二甲缩醛反应制得(E)-3-二甲胺基-1-(3-吡啶基)-2-丙烯-1-酮,接下来与硝酸胍环合得4-(3-吡啶基)-2-胺基嘧啶,然后与3-溴-4-甲基苯甲酸乙酯缩合再经水解反应制得关键中间体4-甲基-3-[[4-(3-吡啶基)-2-嘧啶基]胺基]苯甲酸.此关键中间体直接与3-三氟甲...     

[18F]PRIMATX,a New Positron Emission Tomography Tracer for Imaging of Autotaxin in Lung Tissue and Tumor-Bearing Mice

Autotaxin (ATX) is a secreted enzyme with tissue levels associated with tissue injury, which increase during wound healing and chronic fibrotic diseases. We selected [¹⁸F](R,E)-3-(4-chloro-2-((5-methyl-2H-tetrazol-2-yl)methyl)phenyl)-1-(4-((5-(2-fluoroethoxy)pyridin-2-yl)methyl)-2-methylpiperazin-1-yl)prop-2-en-1-one ([¹⁸F]PRIMATX, [¹⁸F] 2 ), a tracer for positron emission tomography, to image ATX expression in vivo. It successfully differentiates expression levels in lung tissue samples from idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients, and allows the detection of ATX-expressing tumors in living mice, confirming its potential for development as a clinical imaging agent.     

N-苄基吲哚类熊果酸衍生物的合成及抗肝癌活性

为开发高效低毒的抗肝癌天然产物衍生物,依据药物拼合原理设计并合成了一系列未见文献报道的熊果酸衍生物.将熊果酸与不同取代的N-苄基吲哚片段通过Claisen-Schmidt缩合反应得到目标化合物,其化学结构均经过核磁氢谱、核磁碳谱以及质谱的联合确证.采用噻唑蓝(MTT)法考察其体外抗肝癌活性,结果表明,2-{[1-(2-...     

多变参数间歇精馏提纯四甲基哌啶酮

采用多变参数间歇精馏技术对四甲基哌啶酮粗品进行了提纯实验研究。色谱分析证明,得到的哌啶酮产品质量分数达98.6%以上,一次收率超过64%;复蒸2#馏出物后得到的塔顶产品经过色质联用分析后确定为4-甲基-3-戊烯-2-酮及同分异构体4-甲基-4-戊烯-2-酮的混合物,其中4-甲基-3-戊烯-2-酮质量分数达88%以上。     

氯虫酰胺的合成与杀虫活性

以2,3-二氯吡啶和2-甲基-4-氯苯胺为起始原料,经过多步反应得到6-氯-2-(3-溴-1-(3-氯吡啶-2-基)-1H-吡唑-5-基)-8-甲基-4H-3,1-苯并嗪-4-酮,再与甲胺反应得到目标产物氯虫酰胺,经核磁验证其结构,生物活性测定结果表明该化合物对鳞翅目害虫如小菜蛾、甜菜夜蛾、稻纵卷叶螟等具有优异的杀虫活性。     

Novel (Phenothiazinyl)Vinyl-Pyridinium Dyes and Their Potential Applications as Cellular Staining Agents

We report here the synthesis and structural characterization of novel cationic (phenothiazinyl)vinyl-pyridinium (PVP) dyes, together with optical (absorption/emission) properties and their potential applicability as fluorescent labels. Convective heating, ultrasound irradiation and mechanochemical synthesis were considered as alternative synthetic methodologies proficient for overcoming drawbacks such as long reaction time, nonsatisfactory yields or solvent requirements in the synthesis of novel dye (E)-1-(3-chloropropyl)-4-(2-(10-methyl-10H-phenothiazin-3-yl)vinyl)pyridin-1-ium bromide 3d and its N-alkyl-2-methylpyridinium precursor 1c. The trans geometry of the newly synthesized (E)-4-(2-(7-bromo-10-ethyl-10H-phenothiazin-3-yl)vinyl)-1-methylpyridin-1-ium iodide 3b and (E)-1-methyl-4-(2-(10-methyl-10H-phenothiazin-3-yl)vinyl)pyridin-1-ium tetrafluoroborate 3a′ was confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction. A negative solvatochromism of the dyes in polar solvents was highlighted by UV-Vis spectroscopy and explanatory insights were supported by molecular modeling which suggested a better stabilization of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMO). The photostability of the dye 3b was investigated by irradiation at 365 nm in different solvents, while the steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence properties of dye 3b and 3a′ in solid state were evaluated under one-photon excitation at 485 nm. The in vitro cytotoxicity of the new PVP dyes on B16-F10 melanoma cells was evaluated by WST-1 assay, while their intracellular localization was assessed by epi-fluorescence conventional microscopy imaging as well as one- and two-photon excited confocal fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). PVP dyes displayed low cytotoxicity, good internalization inside melanoma cells and intense fluorescence emission inside the B16-F10 murine melanoma cells, making them suitable staining agents for imaging applications.     

Oxadiazole Derivatives as Dual Orexin Receptor Antagonists: Synthesis,Structure–Activity Relationships,and Sleep-Promoting Properties in Rats

The orexin system plays an important role in the regulation of wakefulness. Suvorexant, a dual orexin receptor antagonist (DORA) is approved for the treatment of primary insomnia. Herein, we outline our optimization efforts toward a novel DORA. We started our investigation with rac-[3-(5-chloro-benzooxazol-2-ylamino)piperidin-1-yl]-(5-methyl-2-[1,2,3]triazol-2-ylphenyl)methanone ( 3 ), a structural hybrid of suvorexant and a piperidine-containing DORA. During the optimization, we resolved liabilities such as chemical instability, CYP3A4 inhibition, and low brain penetration potential. Furthermore, structural modification of the piperidine scaffold was essential to improve potency at the orexin 2 receptor. This work led to the identification of (5-methoxy-4-methyl-2-[1,2,3]triazol-2-ylphenyl)-{(S)-2-[5-(2-trifluoromethoxyphenyl)-[1,2,4]oxadiazol-3-yl]pyrrolidin-1-yl}methanone ( 51 ), a potent, brain-penetrating DORA with in vivo efficacy similar to that of suvorexant in rats.     

2-甲基-5-(1-羟吡啶-2-硫烷基)-3-异噻唑啉酮的合成及其杀菌效果的研究

用5-氯-2-甲基-4-异噻唑啉-3-酮和2-巯基吡啶-N-氧化物的钠盐合成2-甲基-5-(1-羟吡啶-2-硫烷基)-3-异噻唑啉酮,优化的反应条件为:反应温度为20℃,2-巯基吡啶-N-氧化物的钠盐∶5-氯-2-甲基-4-异噻唑啉-3-酮摩尔比为1∶1.2,反应时间为4 h。用平板划线法对2-甲基-5-(1-羟吡啶-2-硫烷基)-3-异噻唑啉酮的杀菌性能进行实验,测试了几种常见的革兰氏阳性、阴性细菌,霉菌和酵母菌的最低抑制浓度(M IC)。结果表明,2-甲基-5-(1-羟吡啶-2-硫烷基)-3-异噻唑啉酮具有更好的杀菌效果,尤其是在很低的有效浓度下就可以杀灭真菌和酵母菌。首次提出了分子级别的杀菌剂"复配"概念,为创建环境友好型产品体系提供了新途径。     

Trifluoromethyl Dihydrothiazine-Based β-Secretase (BACE1) Inhibitors with Robust Central β-Amyloid Reduction and Minimal Covalent Binding Burden

The β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1, also known as β-secretase) is a promising target for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. A pK_a lowering approach over the initial leads was adopted to mitigate hERG inhibition and P-gp efflux, leading to the design of 6-CF₃ dihydrothiazine 8 (N-(3-((4S,6S)-2-amino-4-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)-5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3-thiazin-4-yl)-4-fluorophenyl)-5-cyanopicolinamide). Optimization of 8 led to the discovery of 15 (N-(3-((4S,6S)-2-amino-4-methyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)-5,6-dihydro-4H-1,3-thiazin-4-yl)-4-fluorophenyl)-5-(fluoromethoxy)pyrazine-2-carboxamide) with an excellent balance of potency, hERG inhibition, P-gp efflux, and metabolic stability. Oral administration of 8 elicited robust Aβ reduction in dog even at 0.16 mg/kg. Reflecting the reduced hERG inhibitory activity, no QTc prolongation was observed at high doses. The potential for reactive metabolite formation of 15 was realized in a nucleophile trapping assay using [¹⁴C]-KCN in human liver microsomes. Utilizing covalent binding (CVB) in human hepatocytes and the maximum projected human dosage, the daily CVB burden of 15 was calculated to be at an acceptable value of below 1 mg/day. However, hepatotoxicity was observed when 15 was subjected to a two-week tolerance study in dog, which prevented further evaluation of this compound.     

Exploring the Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the in vitro Anticancer Effects of Multitarget-Directed Hydrazone Ruthenium(II)–Arene Complexes

The molecular targets and the modes of action behind the cytotoxicity of two structurally established N,O- or N,N-hydrazone ruthenium(II)–arene complexes were explored in human breast adenocarcinoma cells (MCF-7) and paralleled in non-cancerous and cisplatin-resistant counterparts (MCF-10A and MCF-7CR respectively). Both complexes, [Ru(hmb)(L1)Cl] ( 1 , L1=4-((2-(2,4-dinitrophenyl)hydrazono)(phenyl)methyl)-3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-olate) and [Ru(cym)(L2)Cl] ( 2 , L2=1-((3-methyl-5-oxo-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-4(5H)-ylidene)(phenyl)methyl)-2-(pyridin-2-yl)hydrazin-1-ide), reversibly interact with moderate-to-high affinity with a number of molecular targets in cell-free assays, namely serum albumin, DNA, the 20S proteasome and hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase. Most interestingly, only 2 readily crosses the cell membrane and preserves its binding/modulatory ability toward the targets of interest upon rapid cellular internalization. The resulting action at multiple levels of the cancer cascade is likely the cause for the selective sensitization of tumour cells to p27-mediated apoptotic death, and for the ability of 2 to overcome the drug resistance problem.