2,3-二氟-4-羟基苯硼酸的合成

本文以邻二氟苯为原料,利用其定位效应,通过与丁基锂、硼酸三甲酯直接作用得到2,3-二氟苯硼酸,再通过与H2O2反应得到2,3-二氟苯酚。以所合成的2,3-二氟苯酚为原料,通过叔丁基二甲基氯硅烷保护酚羟基,再在低温下与丁基锂、硼酸三甲酯等作用得到2,3-二氟-4-羟基苯硼酸,5步反应总产率为83%。     

2-二氟甲基-5-氟苯硼酸的合成

以2-溴-4-氟苯甲醛为起始原料,经过二氟甲基化、硼酸基团取代溴两步反应制备重要有机中间体即标题化合物。目前此化合物的合成方法未见国内外文献报道,且该合成方法原料易得、成本低廉,反应总收率接近80%。     

1-溴-4-乙氧基-2,3-二氟苯的合成及性能表征

以2,3-二氟苯乙醚、溴素为原料,还原铁粉为催化剂,合成了1-溴-4-乙氧基-2,3-二氟苯。考察了反应温度、溴素与还原铁粉的物质的量及反应时间对合成反应的影响,确定了最佳工艺条件为:反应温度为-2~-8℃,溴素用量为1.04 mol,还原铁粉用量为0.017 5 mol,反应时间为3 h。最后通过重结晶,得到了含量大于99%的白色晶体状产品,收率为93%。并对产物用GC-MS,IR和DSC进行了表征。     

4-乙氧基-2,3-二氟苯乙酮的合成与表征

以2,3-二氟苯乙醚和乙酰氯为起始原料,经傅克反应合成了质量分数99%以上的液晶中间体4-乙氧基-2,3-二氟苯乙酮,对目标化合物进行了1HNMR、IR和GC-MS表征。以二氯甲烷为反应溶剂,当n(2,3-二氟苯乙醚)∶n(三氯化铝)∶n(乙酰氯)=1∶1.14∶1.3,反应温度为-10～-5℃,反应时间为1 h时,反应效果最佳,产物质量分数为89.2%,2,3-二氟苯乙醚质量分数为4.83%,副产物4-乙酰基-2,3-二氟苯酚醋酸酯质量分数为0.12%,产物异构体未检出。根据实验结果对傅克反应副产物产生的原因进行了推测。     

1-[2-溴-4-(二氟甲基)苯基]哌啶-4-醇的合成研究

介绍了标题化合物的合成方法。以3-溴-4-氟苯甲醛为原料,经四步反应得到目标产物,并经MS和1HNMR进行了结构表征。本合成路线条件温和、操作简便,收率较高,适合工业化生产。反应总收率63.7%。     

2-氨基-3-氟吡啶的合成研究

以2,3-二氟-5-氯吡啶为原料,通过氨基化、还原两步反应制备标题化合物。经正交试验优化,在反应温度为120℃、反应时间为24 h、投料比为1∶12的条件下,氨基化反应收率可达85.94%。该路线简单易操作、成本低廉,反应温和、后处理简单,适合工业化生产,路线总收率可达77.52%。     

四-(2,3-二氟苯乙基)-1,4,7,10-四氮杂环十二烷的合成

设计合成了一种具有荧光跟踪性能的Cyclen衍生物。以2,3-二氟苯乙酸为初始原料,与甲醇进行酯化反应,经氢化锂铝还原得到2,3-二氟苯乙醇,然后与对甲苯磺酰氯制得磺酸酯类化合物,再与Cyclen反应制得标题化合物。所合成化合物的结构经核磁共振和红外光谱表征。     

新型衍生化试剂1-[5-(1-(4-甲基)哌嗪基-2,4-二硝基)苯基]肼的合成及其衍生化性能

以1,5-二氟-2,4-二硝基苯为起始原料合成了标题化合物,利用IR、1HNMR及LC-ESI-MS对标题化合物进行了表征。其在0.025 mol/L HCl溶液中,40℃条件下,与对甲氧基苯甲醛反应20 min,所生成的腙衍生物用反相高效液相色谱法进行分离检测。     

姜黄素类似物2,5-双(2,4-二羟基苯亚甲基)环戊酮的合成及酪氨酸酶抑制活性

以2,4-二羟基苯甲醛和环戊酮为原料,无水乙醇为溶剂,40%的NaOH水溶液为催化剂,经Claisen-Schmidt反应催化合成了标题化合物,其结构通过1HNMR、MS进行表征。化合物的初步生物活性测试结果表明,该化合物具有很强的酪氨酸酶抑制活性,半抑制浓度(Ic50)为0.78μmol/L,比曲酸(Ic50=28.59μmol/L)的活性强36倍多。抑制动力学研究表明,该化合物对酪氨酸酶的抑制属于竞争性抑制类型。     

7α-甲基-19-醛基-4-雄甾烯-3,17-二酮合成工艺改进

采用7α-甲基-17,19-二羟基-4-雄甾烯-3-酮为原料,二氯甲烷为溶剂,在温和的氧化剂PCC的作用下合成了标题化合物。并对其合成工艺进行了探索和优化,优化的最佳反应条件是7α-甲基-17,19-二羟基-4-雄甾烯-3-酮,二氯甲烷和PCC氧化剂的投料比为20g∶250mL∶(60～65)g;反应温度为23℃～27℃,反应时间为3h,质量收率为85%。PCC氧化法具有反应可控,产率较高等优点。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.