不锈钢丝网断裂原因分析

采用化学成分分析、金相检验、扫描电镜及X射线能谱分析等方法,对不锈钢丝网断裂原因进行了分析。结果表明,应力腐蚀及点腐蚀是引起不锈钢丝网断裂的主要原因,腐蚀介质为临海潮湿大气中的氯离子。断裂丝网材质较差,其化学成分不符合相关技术条件,铬、镍含量偏低,锰含量偏高均使1Cr18Ni9钢抗腐蚀性能下降,其显微组织中出现的较多弥散碳化物颗粒及铁素体大大降低了网丝的抗应力腐蚀和点腐蚀的性能。     

螺栓断裂分析

采用多种分析手段对螺栓断口及基体进行分析,并从螺栓的使用环境、受力情况及工作状况分析和探讨了断裂的原因。结果表明,螺栓的断裂是由于缝隙腐蚀引起,在应力腐蚀及腐蚀疲劳的作用下最终导致螺栓断裂,是由多种因素综合所致。     

某电厂600MW机组叶片断裂分析

某电厂600 MW超超临界机组在检修中发现一只低压叶片断裂,采用宏观分析、金相检验以及断口分析等方法对叶片断裂原因进行了分析。结果表明:叶片服役环境中存在能够引起叶片材料产生腐蚀的氯离子,导致叶片发生腐蚀疲劳断裂。     

川渝地区某气井钻铤断裂原因

川渝地区某气井钻铤发生断裂事故,通过宏观分析、扫描电镜分析、金相检验、化学成分分析和力学性能试验等方法,结合现场服役情况,对钻铤的断裂原因进行了分析.结果表明:钻铤断裂类型为腐蚀疲劳断裂,主要原因为钻铤主台肩面密封不良,导致钻井液冲蚀台肩面和外螺纹根部,形成腐蚀坑,在钻铤旋转钻进时,受到循环应力与腐蚀共同作用,疲劳裂纹...     

柴油机进气门断裂原因分析

电镜分析结果表明,进气门断裂为多源腐蚀疲劳断裂.断裂原因是固溶处理效果不佳,抗腐蚀性能较低,在工作环境介质中,表面产生腐蚀坑和裂纹,裂纹扩展以致断裂.     

S135钻杆断裂原因分析

通过化学成分分析、力学性能测试、显微组织分析等手段对某断裂失效的S135钻杆进行了材质理化检验;采用SEM和EDS分别对断口形貌及表面腐蚀产物成分进行了分析。结果表明：该钻杆的材料性能符合APISpecSD规范要求,钻杆断裂的主要原因是硫化氢应力腐蚀开裂,并伴有一定程度的二氧化碳腐蚀。     

循环泵法兰螺栓断裂分析

通过金相检验、断口分析和化学成分分析等方法对循环泵法兰螺栓的断裂原因进行了分析。结果表明：螺栓早期断裂失效的主要原因是材料使用有误,加上受海水中的氯离子腐蚀引起奥氏体不锈钢螺栓产生应力腐蚀裂纹并扩展所致。     

60Si2CrA Ⅱ型弹条断裂原因

某线路中的60Si2CrA热轧弹簧圆钢Ⅱ型弹条在服役6 a多后断裂。采用宏观观察、化学成分分析、硬度测试、金相检验、断口分析等方法对其断裂原因进行了分析。结果表明：弹条表面的防腐涂层剥落使其长时间暴露在腐蚀介质中,并形成了腐蚀凹坑,腐蚀凹坑降低了弹条疲劳强度并引起应力集中,裂纹在该处萌生并不断扩展,最终发生腐蚀疲劳断裂。     

某核电站凝汽器密封结构用镍铝青铜螺栓断裂原因

某核电站凝汽器密封结构用镍铝青铜螺栓发生断裂现象,采用宏观观察、化学成分分析、扫描电镜分析、力学性能测试、金相检验等方法对螺栓断裂的原因进行分析。结果表明：螺栓在潮湿的NH₃环境下发生了应力腐蚀开裂;断裂螺栓在服役过程中受到不均匀的应力载荷,使表面应力腐蚀倾向变大,且螺栓长期处于自身应力腐蚀敏感介质中,在二者的耦合作用下,应力腐蚀裂纹萌生;裂纹沿残余应力较高的相界区域向内扩展,最终导致螺栓发生断裂。     

某发动机压气机三级转子叶片断裂原因

某发动机压气机三级转子叶片发生断裂,采用宏观观察、化学成分分析、扫描电镜和能谱分析、金相检验、硬度测试等方法,并结合叶片振动模态分析,对其断裂原因进行分析。结果表明：叶片的断裂性质为疲劳断裂,疲劳起源于叶片叶盆面距离进气边约0.8 mm的腐蚀坑处;腐蚀坑降低了叶片的抗疲劳能力,是叶片发生疲劳断裂的主要原因;叶片在工作转速范围内存在11阶共振,引起叶片疲劳裂纹的萌生和扩展。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...