8.8级紧固螺栓断裂原因分析

8.8级螺栓在使用过程中发生断裂,通过化学成分分析、力学性能试验、断口形貌分析以及金相检验等方法对断裂螺栓进行了分析。结果表明:失效螺栓的断裂为多源疲劳断裂,主要原因是螺纹表面脱碳层的存在导致构件的抗疲劳性能下降。     

10.9级高强螺栓头部断裂原因分析

通过宏观检验、化学成分分析、力学性能试验、金相检验及能谱分析等方法对10.9级高强螺栓断裂原因进行了分析。结果表明:在螺栓镦头成型工序中,头部R角部位产生折叠微裂纹,形成了早期裂纹源;在服役过程中,螺栓长期受交变工作应力作用,使得微裂纹进一步扩展,最终导致高周疲劳断裂。最后提出了相应的预防措施。     

发动机连杆螺栓断裂原因分析

某汽车发动机连杆螺栓在发动机台架耐久试验中发生断裂。通过宏观检验、化学成分分析、扫描电镜分析、金相检验、能谱分析等方法,对螺栓的断裂原因进行了分析。结果表明:该连杆螺栓断裂模式为多源疲劳断裂;裂纹内部存在大量的磷和锌元素,说明在搓丝工序时螺栓已经产生了微小裂纹;在后期的磷化处理中,磷化液渗入微小裂纹中;台架耐久试验过程中裂纹逐步疲劳扩展并导致螺栓断裂。     

252kV GIS机构止动螺栓的断裂失效分析

某批次35Cr Mo合金钢252 k V气体绝缘金属封闭开关设备(GIS)机构电镀锌止动螺栓在合闸试验调节中发生断裂失效,通过化学成分分析、断口分析、硬度测试、氢脆评估试验、金相检验等方法对螺栓断裂原因进行了分析。结果表明:该止动螺栓断裂是由氢脆造成的,而止动螺栓发生氢脆断裂是由螺栓电镀锌后去氢工艺不当造成的。最后提出了预防螺栓氢脆断裂的改进措施。     

发动机缸盖螺栓断裂原因分析

某发动机缸盖螺栓在装配后发生断裂。通过宏观、微观检验以及化学成分分析、力学性能测试、氢脆试验等对断裂原因进行了分析。结果表明:缸盖螺栓发生了氢脆断裂。其原因是缸盖螺栓在表面磷化后的去氢处理不当,导致装配后缸盖螺栓在拉应力的作用下产生氢脆裂纹,并最终发生断裂。     

高强度螺栓断裂失效分析

某高强度螺栓在装配过程中断裂失效,通过宏观观察、化学成分分析、力学性能试验、金相检验、扫描电镜分析等方法对螺栓断裂失效的原因进行了分析。结果表明:螺栓基体硬度偏高,头杆结合处过渡圆角半径偏小,在大扭矩的装配下,扭转和弯曲的综合应力导致螺栓发生断裂失效。     

某天然气公交车发动机主轴承盖螺栓断裂原因

某天然气公交车发动机主轴承盖螺栓发生断裂,通过宏观观察、化学成分分析、扫描电镜及能谱分析、硬度试验和金相检验等方法,分析了螺栓断裂的原因.结果表明:螺栓的失效模式为氢脆断裂;在服役过程中,螺栓在较长时间的应力作用下,其头部圆角处产生应力集中,且存在初始裂纹,螺栓、水汽和天然气中的微量氢元素向螺栓初始裂纹附近扩散、聚集,...     

某直升机连接螺栓断裂原因

某型直升机固定尾减速机钛合金内侧压板的3件35Ni4Cr2MoA钢连接螺栓在试车时发生了断裂。通过宏观观察、断口分析、金相检验、力学性能试验和氢含量测试等方法,分析了连接螺栓的断裂原因。结果表明:连接螺栓的失效模式为疲劳断裂,压板孔壁与螺栓杆部的局部挤压损伤形成了疲劳裂纹源,试车过程中裂纹不断扩展,最终导致了连接螺栓的断裂。     

某铁路桥梁用20MnTiB钢高强螺栓断裂原因

某铁路主桥钢桁梁杆间20MnTiB钢高强螺栓发生断裂。采用复检试验、化学成分分析、金相检验、硬度测试、力学性能测试和断口分析等方法,分析了螺栓断裂的原因。结果表明：螺栓的断裂形式为氢致断裂,断裂原因是螺栓中锰元素含量偏高,导致耐腐蚀性下降,长期在潮湿环境下服役,致使螺栓发生氢致断裂。     

35CrMo钢高强螺栓断裂失效分析

某风电厂铁塔用紧固高强螺栓在使用一个月后于螺纹处出现多根断裂现象。通过宏观检验、化学成分分析、力学性能试验、金相检验、断口分析等方法对螺栓断裂原因进行了分析。结果表明:失效高强螺栓螺纹处表面全脱碳层深度超标,且脱碳层深度极不均匀,在全脱碳层最大深度处容易产生应力集中,并造成螺栓表面部分区域的强度和抗疲劳性能下降,无法承受设计载荷,从而导致高强螺栓在此处出现应力裂纹并最终发生疲劳断裂失效。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Effect of Oxide Assisted Metal Nanoparticles on Microstructure and Morphology of Gallium oxide Nanowires

Several researches have been reported about the characteristic of β-Ga2O3 nanowires which was synthesized on nickel oxide particle. But indeed, recent researches about synthesis of β-Ga2O3 nanowires on oxide-assisted transition metal are limited to nickel or cobalt oxide catalyst. In this work, Gallium oxide (β-Ga2O3 ) nanowires were synthesized by a simple thermal evaporation method from gallium powder in the range of 700 - 1000℃ using the iron, nickel, copper, cobalt and zinc oxide as a catalyst, respectively. The β-Ga2O3 nanowires with single crystalline without defects were successfully synthesized at the reaction temperature of 850, 900 and 950℃ in all the catalysts. But optimum experimental condition in synthesis of nanowires varied with the kind of catalyst. As increasing synthesis temperature,the morphology of gallium oxide nanowires changed from nanowires to nanorods, and its diameter increased. From these results, we could be proposed that the growth mechanism of β-Ga2O3 nanowires was changed with synthesis temperature of nanowires. Microstructure and morphology of Synthesized nanowire was characterized by HR-TEM, FE-SEM, EDX and XRD.     

The Influence of Nitrogen and Boron Implant into Silicon Substrate on the Phase and Internal Stress of c-BN Films

Cubic boron nitride(c-BN) film was deposited on a Si (100) substrate by the RF-magnetron sputtering.The mainly problems for fabrication of c-BN films are the low purity and high intrinsic compressive stress. In order to solve the two problems, the c-BN film with the buffer interlayer was deposited on the substrate which had been implanted with nitrogen and/or boron ions. The results show: the implantation of nitrogen ions can obviously increase c-BN content and reduce the internal stress slightly; while the implantation of boron shows no obvious improvement to the content of c-BN, which can reduce the internal stress in the film obviously. In addition, it is suggested that the implantation of nitrogen and boron shows the best result, which not only can increase the content of c-BN, but also reduce the internal stress in the c-BN film obviously.