Nb添加对FeCo基合金高温性能与时效态性能的影响

对Fe-49Co-2V和Fe-49Co-2V-0.3Nb两种合金室温与高温时的磁性能和力学性能进行了测试。结果发现:与室温磁性能相比,两种合金在高温下的饱和磁化强度Bs与矫顽力Hc均降低;与室温力学性能相比,两种合金在500℃时的高温抗拉强度都有所增加,其中Nb元素的添加使合金力学性能强化的效果十分明显。两种合金经500℃时效处理168 h后,Fe-49Co-2V-0.3Nb合金经过高温时效后依然能保证具有良好的力学性能,添加了Nb元素后有助于改善合金的高温时效稳定性。     

Fe_(78)Co_2Zr_8Nb_2B_9M_1(M=Ta、Cu)合金的微观结构和巨磁阻抗效应北大核心CSCD

采用单辊快淬法制备Fe78Co2Zr8Nb2B9M1(M=Ta、Cu)非晶合金薄带,在不同温度下对合金进行等温热处理。利用DTA、XRD、TEM、VSM和阻抗分析仪研究合金的热行为、微观结构、磁性能及巨磁阻抗效应。结果表明,晶化初期,Fe78Co2Zr8Nb2B9Ta1非晶合金析出α-Mn亚稳相和α-Fe(Co)相,Fe78Co2Zr8Nb2B9Cu1非晶合金仅析出α-Fe(Co)相。600℃退火后的Fe78Co2Zr8Nb2B9Cu1合金中晶化相的平均晶粒尺寸小于Fe78Co2Zr8Nb2B9Ta1合金。合金的M s均随退火温度的升高而逐渐增大。Fe78Co2Zr8Nb2B9Ta1合金的H c在600℃退火后明显增大,这与α-Mn型相的析出有关;而Fe78Co2Zr8Nb2B9Cu1合金的H c在600℃退火后达到极小值。合金的GMI max值随退火温度增加先上升后下降。Fe78Co2Zr8Nb2B9Cu1合金具有比Fe78Co2Zr8Nb2B9Ta1合金更显著的GMI效应。     

合金元素对Laves相增强Nb基合金的相组成

采用机械合金化与热压烧结工艺制备了添加合金元素V和Fe的Laves相增强的Nb基复合材料。研究了添加质量分数4%V和Fe的Nb/NbCr2-4.0V和Nb/NbCr2-4.0Fe配比成分的元素粉,经MA20h后在1250℃热压30min所获得的Nb/NbCr2合金的组织和性能。结果表明:在热压过程中原位合成出细小弥散分布的三元Laves相Nb(Cr,V)2和Nb(Cr,Fe)2,并且V和Fe原子只占据Laves相中的Cr原子位置。制备出的Laves相增强Nb基合金接近全致密,组织细小均匀,晶粒尺寸小于500nm。Nb/NbCr2-4.0V和Nb/NbCr2-4.0Fe合金的断裂韧性分别达到5.3和6.3MPa·m1/2,其中Nb/NbCr2-4.0Fe合金不仅抗压强度达到2256MPa,其屈服强度和塑性应变也分别达到2094MPa和6.03%。     

含Nb或Cu的锆合金显微组织研究

用TEM和SEM研究了含少量Nb或Cu的锆合金显微组织,结果表明:在微量Fe元素存在时,添加适量Cu元素,会促使低于α-Zr中平衡固溶含量的Nb元素与Fe元素优先析出形成沉淀相,致使α-Zr中Nb的固溶含量更低;若增加Cu元素含量,因Zr_2Cu第二相富集消耗了Fe元素,反而使Nb元素不易析出。在Zr-1.0Cu合金中加入适量的Nb元素,可以细化Zr_2Cu第二相的尺寸,促使其分布更加均匀。在大量Nb稳定的β-Zr第二相存在的情况下,添加的少量Cu会富集在β-Zr第二相中,而不会以Zr_2Cu第二相形式析出。     

合金元素Nb对电弧熔炼Co-Al-W合金显微组织的影响

利用光学显微镜、XRD和扫描电子显微镜等对电弧熔炼Co-8.8Al-9.8W及Co-8.8Al-9.8W-2Nb合金组织进行观察与分析,研究元素Nb对Co-Al-W合金显微组织的影响。结果表明,Co-Al-W合金的相组成主要为γ相+沉淀析出的γ’-Co3(Al,W)相。Nb的加入有利于γ’相的存在,显著提高Co-Al-W合金的硬度,且细化晶粒。     

锆合金第二相研究述评(Ⅱ):Zr-Sn-Nb-Fe系合金

对国内外关于Zr-Sn-Nb-Fe系新锆合金中第二相粒子的研究情况进行评述,并重点探讨不同种类Zr-Nb-Fe析出相的成分、晶体结构及其形成机制和条件。合金中的Zr-Nb-Fe析出相有两种:一种为六方结构的MgZn2型Zr(Nb,Fe)2Laves相,其形成与合金中作为杂质存在的Cr元素有关;另一种为立方结构的Ti2Ni型(Zr,Nb)2Fe相,与合金中普遍含有的O元素有关。对大量不同成分的Zr-Sn-Nb-Fe系合金的检测证实,可以用一个由合金中Nb和Fe含量确定的R*参数来分析其成分变化时合金中可能出现的析出相类型。     

合金化对高铬铸铁相析出的影响

添加多元微量合金元素V、Ti、Nb和Mo到2.8C-31Cr合金中制备多元铬系合金,从合金热力学析出角度,通过计算分析Ti、V、Nb在多元体系中的存在方式,探讨添加的合金元素对高铬铸铁凝固组织中碳化物析出的影响。结果表明,Ti和Nb在高铬铸铁凝固过程中主要形成Ti C和Nb C,V主要存在于合金化合物VCr2C2和VCr Fe8中。先析出的Ti C和Nb C能充当碳化物异质形核基底,增加形核率使组织细化。但添加过量的合金元素却削弱了对碳化物的细化作用。     

Zr-0.8Sn-0.35Nb-0.4Fe-0.1Cr-xBi合金在400℃过热蒸汽中的腐蚀行为

采用静态高压釜腐蚀试验研究了Zr-0.8Sn-0.35Nb-0.4Fe-0.1Cr-xBi（x=0.1,0.3和0.5,质量分数,%）合金在400℃/10.3 MPa过热蒸汽中的腐蚀行为;并用TEM、EDS和SEM观察分析了合金和腐蚀后氧化膜的显微组织。结果表明,在Zr-0.8Sin0.35Nb-0.4Fe0.1Cr合金中添加0.1%,0.3%和0.5%的铋对其在400℃过热蒸汽中的耐腐蚀性能都有较大改善作用,但随着铋含量的增加,其改善作用减弱;在Zr-0.8Sn-0.35Nb-0.4Fe-0.1Cr合金中添加0.1%铋后,合金中只有Zr（Fe,Cr,Nb）₂一种第二相;添加0.3%铋后,有Zr（Fe,Cr,Nb）₂和Zr-Fe-Sn-Bi两种第二相析出;添加0.5%铋后,有Zr（Fe,Cr,Nb）₂,Zr-Fe-Sn-Bi和Zr-Fe-Cr-Nb-Sn-Bi三种第二相析出;Zr-0.8Sn-0.35Nb-0.4Fe-0.1Cr合金中添加适量铋会促进原来固溶的锡以第二相析出。以上结果说明Zr-0.8Sn-0.35Nb-0.4Fe-0.1Cr-xBi合金在580℃时α-Zr基体中可固溶不少于0.1%的铋,这对改善合金的耐腐蚀性能是有利的,但含铋和锡第二相的析出则使合金的耐腐蚀性能下降。     

Zr对PrFeB非晶合金晶化的影响

采用DTA(差热分析仪）,XRD（X射线衍射）研究添加元素Zr对PrFeB非晶合金的形成,组织结构的影响,结果表明,PrFeB非晶薄带最终晶化为α－Fe和Pr2Fe14B相,晶化过程中析出亚稳相Pr2Fe23B3,非晶合金中添加1、2at%zr元素可使αFe相的起始晶化温度升高,且无亚稳相Pr2Fe23B3析出,同时细化α－Fe晶粒。     

Cu含量对Zr-0.80Sn-0.34Nb-0.39Fe-0.10Cr-xCu合金在500℃过热蒸汽中耐腐蚀性能的影响

采用静态高压釜腐蚀实验研究了Zr-0.80Sn-0.34Nb-0.39Fe-0.1Cr-xCu(x=0.05-0.5,质量分数,%)合金在500℃,10.3 MPa过热蒸汽中的耐腐蚀性能,利用TEM观察了合金的显微组织.结果表明:添加(0.05-0.5)Cu对合金在500℃过热蒸汽中的耐腐蚀性能影响不大.当x≤0.2时,合金中的第二相主要为hcp结构的Zr(Fe,Cr,Nb)_2和含Cu的正交结构的Zr_3Fe;当x>0.2时,除了Zr(Fe,Cr,Nb)_2和含Cu的Zr_3Fe外,还有四方结构的Zr_2Cu析出.Zr(Fe.Cr.Nb)_2比较细小.而含Cu第二相的尺寸较大.即使在添加0.05Cu的合金中也有含Cu第二相析出,说明Cu在该合金α-Zr基体中的固溶量很低.因此,添加(0.05-0.5)Cu对该合金在500℃过热蒸汽中的耐腐蚀性能影响不大的原因可能与固溶在α-Zr基体中的Cu含量低有关.     

Variation of age-hardening behavior of TM-addition Al-Mg-Si alloys

Microstructure and aging hardness variation of Al-Mg-Si-TM alloys (TM = Co, Ni, Cr, Mn and Fe) were investigated to reveal the effect of transition metals (TMs) on the age hardening behavior of Al-Mg-Si alloy using transmission electron microscopy. The peak hardness of Co- or Ni-addition alloys is higher than the base alloy; Fe- or Cr-addition alloys is similar to the base alloy but Mn-addition alloy is lower than the base alloy. It was found different TM formed the dispersoids with different amounts of Si, which results in the different densities of the precipitates in different alloys. Si is expensed to form the dispersoid of Al(TM)Si for Cr-, Mn- and Fe-addition alloys. The ratio of TM:Si calculated from the EDS result of the dispersoid is the largest for Fe- and smallest for Mn-addition alloys. On the other hand, Si is not expensed to form such dispersoid in Co- and Ni-addition alloys. It is thought that this will result in the difference of Si in the matrix for the formation of the precipitate.     

Metal dusting of ferritic Fe‐Al‐M‐C (M = Ti,V, Nb,Ta) alloys in CO‐H2‐H2O gas mixtures at 650 °C

Iron aluminides are known for their resistance to high temperature oxidation and sulphidation. Only little information is available about carburisation and metal dusting of Fe‐Al alloys. Metal dusting experiments with Fe‐15Al and Fe‐15Al‐2M‐1C alloys (in at.%) with M = Ti, V, Nb, or Ta were conducted at 650°C in CO‐H₂‐H₂O gas mixtures with the carbon activity a_c = 28. The kinetics of the carbon transfer was measured using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). It is shown that the mass gain kinetics decreases by adding the alloying elements Nb, Ta, V, or Ti with C. Alloying with titanium and carbon leads to the most significant decreasing effect. The metallographic cross section observation showed a general metal wastage for Fe‐15Al, but local pitting for the Fe‐15Al‐2Nb‐1C and Fe‐15Al‐2Ta‐1C alloys. For the Fe‐15Al‐2V‐1C and Fe‐15Al‐2Ti‐1C alloys no significant attack was observed. Needle‐ or plate‐like Fe₃AlC_x precipitates were detected in the carburised samples. The existence of this ternary carbide with perovskite structure was predicted by thermodynamic calculations using the software Thermo‐Calc. The morphology of graphite on the surface was analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Mainly fine filaments with iron containing particles were detected. Cementite was detected in the coke layer by X‐ray diffraction analysis (XRD).     

Precipitation of Icosahedral Quasicrystalline Phase, R-phase and Laves Phase in Ferritic Alloys

Ferritic heat resistant steels involving precipitation of intermetallic phases have drawn a growing interest for the enhancement of creep strength, while the brittleness of the intermetallic phases may lower the toughness of the alloy.Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the dispersion characteristics of the intermetallics phase through microstructural control to minimize the trade-off between the strength and toughness. The effects of α-Fe matrix substructures on the precipitation sequence, morphology, dispersion characteristics, and the stability of the intermetallic phases are investigated in Fe-Cr-W-Co-Si system. The precipitates of the Si-free Fe-10Cr-I.4W-4.5Co (at%) alloy aged at 873K are the R-phase but those of the Si-added Fe-10Cr-1.4W-4.5Co-0.3Si (at%) alloy are the icosahedral quasicrystalline phase. The precipitates in both the Si-free and Si-added alloys aged at 973K are the Laves phase. Matrix of the alloys is controlled by heat treatments as to provide three types of matrix substructures; ferrite, ferrite/martensite mixture and martensite. The hardening behavior of the alloys depends on the matrix substructures and is independent of the kinds of precipitates. In the alloys with ferrite matrix, the peak of hardness during aging at 873K shifts to longer aging time in comparison with that in the alloys with lath martensite matrix which contain numbers of nucleation sites.     

Metallography and partitioning of alloying elements in dual-phase steels

The microstructure and the partitioning of alloying elements in dual-phase steels have been studied by conventional and analytical transmission electron microscopy. Systems of compositions Fe-0.15C-1.45Si-0.03Nb (base + Nb), Fe-0.15C-1.45Si-0.38Mo (base + Mo), Fe-0.1C-2Si and Fe-0.1C-0.5Mn were studied. Fine plate precipitates were found in the ferrite phase of all these alloys. The plates are typically 13 nm in diameter and less than 2.5 nm thick, and are oriented on or within a few degrees of the (100) planes. Their density may vary with martensitic volume fraction as well as with the composition of the alloys, and they may have a pronounced effect on thermal and mechanical properties.There is no preferential partitioning of Si to either the ferrite or martensite phases. However, the Si concentration in the ferrite phase has been observed to drop near the ferritemartensite interface, resulting in reduced temper resistance in these regions. Coarse cementite has also been identified in the Fe-0.1C-0.5Mn alloy be electron energy loss spectroscopy.     

STUDIES OF Nb–TiAl ALLOY BY POSITRON ANNIHILATION TECHNIQUES

利用正电子湮没寿命谱(PALS)和符合Doppler展宽(CDB)技术研究了Ti51Al49合金中Nb的掺杂效应.结果表明:低含量掺杂时,Nb原子主要偏聚在合金晶界处,提高了晶界位置的自由电子密度,有利于改善合金的室温韧性;而较高含量的Nb掺杂时,由于形成了新的晶体结构,合金基体及晶界处的自由电子密度减少,导致合金的脆性增加.     

Microstructure evolution and thermal stability of nanocrystalline Cu-Nb alloys during heat treatment

The microstructure evolution and high thermal stability of the mechanically-alloyed supersaturated nanocrystalline Cu-10%Nb alloy during subsequent heat treatment were investigated by X-ray diffractometry and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results show that no significant change of the microstructure of the solid solution can be detected after annealing at 300-400 ℃. The pronounced phase separation can be detected at 700 ℃. After annealing for 30 min at 900 ℃, almost all the Nb atoms precipitate from the solid solution, and the average Cu grain size is about 37 nm. As the solute atoms hinder the migration of fcc phase, at Cu grain boundaries, no significant grain growth occurs before large amount of Nb atoms precipitates from Cu matrix, and the decrease of internal strain and density of dislocation is small. Furthermore, the nanosized Nb precipitates can also help to reduce the Cu grains growth through precipitating pinning effect. Therefore, the mechanically-alloyed nanocrystalline Cu-Nb alloys have a high thermal stability. And the contaminations brought into the Cu matrix by milling can influence the phase formation and the thermal stability of Cu-Nb alloys during heat treatment.     

Phase transition of Al-Fe-V-Si heat-resistant alloy by spray deposition

1　INTRODUCTIONAtpresent ,rapidlysolidifiedAl Fe V Siheat resistantalloyisgenerallypreparedby planarflowcasting ,andisonlyveryrarelypreparedbysprayingdeposition .Thecoolingrateofsprayingdepositionisslowerthanthatofplanarflowcasting ,itmusthasgivenimportanteffecttothealloys phaseconstitutesandphasetransition[112 ] .Thispaperaimsatreportingtheresearchonfor mationandtransitionofheat resistantphasesinAl Fe V Si (closetoAA80 0 9)alloy .2　PHASETRANSITIONINEQUILIBRIUMCON DITIO…     

On structure property correlation in high strength tungsten heavy alloys

Detailed structure-property correlation has been carried out in high strength tungsten heavy alloys. Alloys of compositions 90W-6Ni-2Fe-2Co, 89W-6Ni-2Fe-3Co, 89.5W-6Ni-2Fe-2Co-0.5Mo, 89.75W-6Ni-2Fe-2Co-0.25Mo, 90W-6Ni-1.5Fe-2.5Co and 90W-6Ni-1Fe-3Co have been prepared by liquid phase sintering followed by large deformation during thermo mechanical processing and studied for microstructure and mechanical properties. Despite differences in composition, higher volume fraction of matrix and lower W-W contiguity in the microstructure result in superior tensile strength and impact toughness. Increasing W content in the matrix enhances mechanical properties by imparting solid solution strengthening, increasing the matrix volume fraction and reducing W-W contiguity. The alloy 90W-6Ni-1Fe-3Co shows superior balance of properties with ultimate tensile strength of 1600 MPa and average impact toughness of 121 J/cm².