Nb元素的添加对Fe-Co-2V软磁合金微观结构的影响

Fe-49Co-2V与Fe-49Co-2V-0.3Nb合金经热轧、冷轧制成带材,之后在850 ℃进行2 h退火热处理。使用透射电镜和选区电子衍射对合金微观组织结构进行观察,结果表明Nb元素的添加促进了析出相的形成,析出相为Nb与Co、Fe组成的小尺寸晶粒,不含V元素,其化学式为Co₃Nb,其中部分Co原子被替换为Fe原子。在铸态样品中同样发现了形态不同的析出相,推测可能是带材中析出相的来源。在添加Nb元素的合金中发现条纹状孪晶结构且集中于析出相附近,推测可能与合金伸长率升高及晶粒细化有关。     

Zr-0.8Sn-0.35Nb-0.4Fe-0.1Cr-xBi合金在400℃过热蒸汽中的腐蚀行为

采用静态高压釜腐蚀试验研究了Zr-0.8Sn-0.35Nb-0.4Fe-0.1Cr-xBi（x=0.1,0.3和0.5,质量分数,%）合金在400℃/10.3 MPa过热蒸汽中的腐蚀行为;并用TEM、EDS和SEM观察分析了合金和腐蚀后氧化膜的显微组织。结果表明,在Zr-0.8Sin0.35Nb-0.4Fe0.1Cr合金中添加0.1%,0.3%和0.5%的铋对其在400℃过热蒸汽中的耐腐蚀性能都有较大改善作用,但随着铋含量的增加,其改善作用减弱;在Zr-0.8Sn-0.35Nb-0.4Fe-0.1Cr合金中添加0.1%铋后,合金中只有Zr（Fe,Cr,Nb）₂一种第二相;添加0.3%铋后,有Zr（Fe,Cr,Nb）₂和Zr-Fe-Sn-Bi两种第二相析出;添加0.5%铋后,有Zr（Fe,Cr,Nb）₂,Zr-Fe-Sn-Bi和Zr-Fe-Cr-Nb-Sn-Bi三种第二相析出;Zr-0.8Sn-0.35Nb-0.4Fe-0.1Cr合金中添加适量铋会促进原来固溶的锡以第二相析出。以上结果说明Zr-0.8Sn-0.35Nb-0.4Fe-0.1Cr-xBi合金在580℃时α-Zr基体中可固溶不少于0.1%的铋,这对改善合金的耐腐蚀性能是有利的,但含铋和锡第二相的析出则使合金的耐腐蚀性能下降。     

低温冷轧与时效处理对Cu-Ni-Co-Si合金组织性能的影响

研究了冷轧及时效工艺对Cu-1.8Ni-0.9Co-0.641Si合金板带材组织性能的影响。对比了液氮低温冷轧与室温冷轧对合金板材性能的影响,并通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)等对其影响机制进行分析。结果表明,在时效60 min时,室温冷轧与低温冷轧后合金板材硬度达到最大,分别为450℃时效的285.53 HV0.3和400℃时效的307.2 HV0.3。研究还发现随着时效温度的升高,合金的导电率随之升高,在经过500℃时效处理后,低温冷轧合金的导电率最高,能够达到60.11%IACS。在时效处理过程中,板材内部的位错密度降低,晶粒和晶界中出现了大量细小且均匀的纳米级(Ni, Co)₂Si有序相。与室温冷轧相比,经过低温冷轧的Cu-Ni-Co-Si合金组织更加细化,位错密度更高。     

含Nb、Y高温合金的组织与性能的研究

以高温合金Cr28Ni48为基础,通过添加铌和钇减少Ni元素的含量,以提高高温力学性能和降低成本。研究了时效温度、时效时间对含Nb、Y高温合金组织与性能的影响。将经1100℃固溶处理后的合金,分别在820、900、980℃时效处理24、48、72 h。对基体上析出的第二相利用扫描电镜进行金相组织观察和成分分析。结果表明:该高温合金在900℃时效48 h为最佳热处理工艺。     

热轧变形对Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al合金组织和性能的影响

研究了形变温度、形变量以及双重时效工艺对Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al合金显微组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明:随着形变温度的提高,在时效过程中析出的次生α相含量逐渐增加,合金强度升高;然而,当形变温度高于相变点时,初生α相对β晶粒的钉扎作用明显减弱,使得β晶粒迅速长大,导致合金的拉伸塑性明显下降;次生α相的体积分数主要决定于形变温度,因此应变量对Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al合金力学性能的影响较小.此外,相对于单重时效工艺,由于在低温时效(300℃×8h)时发生ω→α转变,为次生α相提供了均匀的形核点,Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al合金在低温-高温双重时效工艺中获得了更加均匀、细小的α+β显微组织,使得拉伸强度获得比较大的提高.     

快速凝固Cu-5Ag-0.5Zr-0.4Cr-0.35Nb合金的组织与力学性能

采用快速凝固方法制备了Cu-5Ag-0.5Zr及Cu-5Ag-0.5Zr-0.4Cr-0.35Nb(wt%)合金粉末,采用热等静压将粉末压制成坯料,随后进行热锻、冷轧处理。测试了合金在室温及高温(500 ℃)下的力学性能,并分析了合金的显微组织及断口形貌。结果表明,冷轧态合金具有更优异的室温拉伸性能,冷轧态Cu-Ag-Zr合金抗拉强度为739.3 MPa,伸长率7.1%,这与铜基体中密集的Cu₄AgZr颗粒及纳米级Ag颗粒有关。除Cu₄AgZr颗粒及Ag颗粒外,Cr、Nb元素的添加还生成高温稳定的Cr₂Nb颗粒,同时提高了合金的室温和500 ℃拉伸强度。冷轧态Cu-Ag-Zr-Cr-Nb合金的室温极限抗拉强度和伸长率分别为799.1 MPa与5.3%。因为热锻态合金晶粒尺寸粗大,Ag颗粒尺寸细小,相比冷轧态合金拥有更好的抗高温弱化性能。热锻态Cu-Ag-Zr-Cr-Nb和Cu-Ag-Zr合金的500 ℃抗拉强度分别为186.8和129.2 MPa,而冷轧态Cu-Ag-Zr-Cr-Nb和Cu-Ag-Zr合金在500 ℃抗拉强度分别仅为113.1和95.4 MPa。     

Yb、Er对8030导电铝合金力学和导电性能的影响

研究了Yb、Er对8030导电合金力学性能、导电性能及高温蠕变性能的影响,并对不同性能的Fe、Cu、Yb和Er含量进行了优化。发现合金元素含量越高,合金室温力学性能越好,导电性能越差。但过高的Fe、Cu含量对高温抗蠕变能力不利,而Yb、Er添加能适当改善合金的高温抗蠕变能力。在热挤+热轧+冷轧后经180℃×1h时效处理,合金的抗拉强度(159~177 MPa)和20℃时的电导率(34.86~35.84 MS/m)均满足IEC62004标准要求,且Al-0.55Fe-0.15Cu-0.05Yb-0.10Er合金兼具最优的室温力学、高温抗蠕变和导电性能。     

合金元素Nb和Si对O相合金抗氧化性能的影响

研究了添加(0.3-0.9)Si(原子分数,%,下同)对Ti-24Al-14Nb-3V-0.5Mo合金650℃到800℃的静态和循环等温氧化性能的影响.研究结果表明由于增大了表面氧化膜TiO2+Al2O3的致密度,添加Si元素能显著提高O相合金的抗氧化性能,并深入探讨了Si的影响机制.与一种高Nb含量的Ti-22Al-26Nb合金对比研究发现,在O相合金中最佳抗氧化性能对应的Nb含量是14左右.     

时效处理对GH4169合金组织和性能的影响

研究了"标准双时效"制度和"高温时效"制度对GH4169合金组织、室温力学性能和高温力学性能的影响规律。结果表明:由于"高温时效"处理温度高于"标准双时效"处理温度,促使基体中γ〃亚稳定相向δ稳定相转变,但是δ相的析出会消耗合金中主要强化相γ〃中的Nb元素,导致γ〃强化相减少,因此"高温时效"处理后GH4169合金的强度有所降低,而伸长率有所提高。"高温时效"处理GH4169合金可以获得强度和塑性的综合匹配。     

Nb元素的添加对Fe-Mn合金时效过程中阻尼性能的影响

在Fe17Mn二元合金中加入微量Nb元素,并研究其对Fe17Mn合金阻尼性能、耐腐蚀性能和力学性能的影响。结果表明,Nb元素的添加能抑制Fe17Mn合金长时间时效后阻尼性能的降低,其原因是时效析出的纳米态NbC固定了C原子,防止在长时间时效过程中由于C原子在层错区的偏聚导致的阻尼性能的下降。此外,Nb元素的加入能提高Fe17Mn合金的耐蚀性能和力学性能。     

合金元素对Laves相增强Nb基合金的相组成

采用机械合金化与热压烧结工艺制备了添加合金元素V和Fe的Laves相增强的Nb基复合材料。研究了添加质量分数4%V和Fe的Nb/NbCr2-4.0V和Nb/NbCr2-4.0Fe配比成分的元素粉,经MA20h后在1250℃热压30min所获得的Nb/NbCr2合金的组织和性能。结果表明:在热压过程中原位合成出细小弥散分布的三元Laves相Nb(Cr,V)2和Nb(Cr,Fe)2,并且V和Fe原子只占据Laves相中的Cr原子位置。制备出的Laves相增强Nb基合金接近全致密,组织细小均匀,晶粒尺寸小于500nm。Nb/NbCr2-4.0V和Nb/NbCr2-4.0Fe合金的断裂韧性分别达到5.3和6.3MPa·m1/2,其中Nb/NbCr2-4.0Fe合金不仅抗压强度达到2256MPa,其屈服强度和塑性应变也分别达到2094MPa和6.03%。     

Effects of V and Zr Additions on Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Nb-Ti-Al-Base Alloys

Microstructures and mechanical properties of Nb-32Ti-7Al alloys containing different V and Zr contents were investigated. The microstructures were characterized using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The alloy with V and Zr presents single phase Nb solid solution (Nbss). Tensile testing was carried out at room temperature and 1373 K. The results show that these alloys have good ductility at room temperature. The strengths at room and high temperature increase with the addition of V...     

Mo effect on the phase stability and room-temperature fracture toughness of Nb/Nb_5Si_3 in-situ composites

Nb/Nb5Si3 in-situ composites are very attractive structural materials because these materials perform a good balance in mechanical properties, including high strength at high temperature (>1000℃) and reasonably high fracture toughness at room temperature. Metastable phase Nb3Si plays an important role in the properties of     

Effect of Yttrium on Microstructure and Properties of High Temperature Alloys

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Effect of V and Nb additions on microstructure,properties,and deformability of Ti-45Al-9 (V,Nb,Y) alloy

Ti-45Al-9(V, Nb, Y) alloys with four different x=V/Nb (atomic ratio x = 1, 1.5, 2 and 3.5) have been prepared, and the microstructures, properties and hot deformation behaviors were investigated. SEM, XRD and TEM results showed that Ti-45Al-9(V, Nb, Y) alloys were mainly composed of γ, α 2 , and β phase, and the volume fraction of β phase increased with the increase of the atomic ratio of V/Nb. The alloys were featured with lamellar microstructure with β and γ phases locating at the colony boundaries, and some β precipitates appearing at γ/γ interfaces. It was found that the colony size decreased with the increase of x. The alloys exhibited moderate mechanical properties at room temperature, with a yield strength of over 600 MPa, and fractures showed mainly translamellar character. The alloy with x=3.5 exhibited the best deformability at elevated temperature and that with x=1 had superior oxidation resistance at 800 ℃.     

核反应堆用FeCrAl合金板材的试制及其组织性能研究

在对Fe13Cr5AlxNb合金熔炼、锻造、轧制等制备工艺研究的基础上,利用光学显微镜、透射电镜、扫描电镜以及电子背散射衍射研究了合金板材的微观组织演化特征。研究了不同热处理温度（800、850、900、1 000 ℃）下合金板材中第二相的析出特点及对其力学性能的影响规律。结果表明,合金板材在800 ℃保温5~25 h后,其室温力学性能稳定;合金板材在800~1 000 ℃、20 h高温时效后,在800~850 ℃时,其强度稍有降低,而在900~1 000 ℃时,其强度随温度的升高而提升。同时,对不同Nb含量的合金板材常温和高温力学性能进行了测试,Nb质量分数为1.0%~1.5%时,合金板材具有良好的力学性能。     

Improvement of microstructure and mechanical properties of TiAl−Nb alloy by adding Fe element

In order to improve mechanical properties and optimize composition of TiAl−Nb alloys, Ti46Al5Nb0.1B alloys with different contents of Fe (0, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9, and 1.1 at.%) were prepared by melting. Macro/microstructure and compression properties of the alloys were systematically investigated. Results show that Fe element can decrease the grain size, aggravate the Al-segregation and also form the Fe-rich B2 phase in the interdendritic area. Compressive testing results indicate that the Ti46Al5Nb0.1B0.3Fe alloy shows the highest ultimate compressive strength and fracture strain, which are 1869.5 MPa and 33.53%, respectively. The improved ultimate compression strength is ascribed to the grain refinement and solid solution strengthening of Fe, and the improved fracture strain is due to the reduced lattice tetragonality of γ phase and grain refinement of the alloys. However, excessive Fe addition decreases compressive strength and fracture strain, which is caused by the severe Al-segregation.     

合金元素对Laves相TiCr2力学性能的影响

研究了合金元素Ｎｂ,Ｍｏ,Ｖ和Ｎｉ对Ｌａｖｅｓ相ＴｉＣｒ２室温力学性能的影响,测量了抗压断裂强度、抗压断裂应变、显微硬度及断裂韧性。结果表明,这些元素都能改善ＴｉＣｒ２的室温力学性能,其中Ｎｂ的作用较小,而Ｖ和Ｎｉ的作用较大,明显地降低抗压断裂强度和显微硬度,提高断裂韧性