汽车用6111铝合金板材力学性能和织构研究

对6111铝合金板材T4P态(预时效后室温放置)和烤漆态(185℃×20 min)沿不同方向的力学性能和织构差异进行研究,结果表明:合金两个状态沿不同方向的力学性能存在明显差异,屈服强度沿轧向最高,分别为171MPa和261MPa,烘烤增量达90 MPa,而伸长率却在与轧向呈45°方向最高;T4P态r和n值均沿轧向最高,而与轧向呈45°方向最低;合金T4P态已完全再结晶,表层晶粒尺寸小于中间层,纵截面再结晶晶粒长宽比高于横截面的;合金板材滑厚度方向存在明显的织构梯度,表层以{001} 〈100〉 Cube织构和β取向线上的{114} 〈131〉织构为主,而中间层除{001} 〈100〉 Cube织构外,还存在旋转立方织构{001} 〈310〉;据此建立了6111铝合金板材不同状态力学性能和织构之间的定量关系.     

热加工过程对Al-Mg-Si-Cu合金组织、织构演变及力学性能的影响（英文）

系统研究热加工过程对Al-Mg-Si-Cu合金组织、织构及力学性能的影响。通过工艺优化获得了力学性能各向异性很弱的合金板材。热轧和冷轧板材的显微组织均呈拉长态组织。热轧板表层的织构组分以H{001}110和E{111}110为主,而1/4层和中间层的织构以β取向线为主。与热轧板相比,一次冷轧板的β取向线密度增加而表层的H取向减弱。经中间退火后,形变织构基本消失,最终冷轧后的织构以β取向线为主。随着厚度的减小,织构梯度逐渐变弱。合金板材固溶处理后的再结晶织构组分仅含有cubeND{001}310织构。此外,分析了热加工过程、显微组织、织构以及力学性能之间的关系。     

中间退火对5052铝合金组织与性能的影响

研究了中间退火对5052铝合金板材组织与性能的影响。对合金的拉伸性能及显微硬度进行测试,使用扫描电镜(SEM)对合金的断口形貌进行观察,使用金相显微镜及X射线衍射仪(XRD)对合金的显微组织和宏观织构进行分析。结果表明:经过中间退火的5052铝合金板材的屈服强度比直接轧制的低10 MPa左右,晶粒尺寸大约82%。中间退火试样不同方向的断后伸长率差别不大,而直接轧制试样的轧向较45°和90°方向的断后伸长率小9%,具有明显的各向异性。拉伸变形后中间退火试样晶粒沿最大切应力方向呈明显的流变特征,断口处韧窝发达、分布更均匀。中间退火试样的{100}001 Cube织构和{100}011 H织构等再结晶织构更强,而直接轧制试样的B织构{110}112和Goss织构{110}001等轧制织构更强。经中间退火的板材各向异性得到明显改善。     

纯铌板材织构对深冲制耳的影响

本文研究了纯铌在各种加工率下经中间及最终退火处理后,板材织构及制耳之间的关系。由X射线得织构极图表明冷轧织构为(001)[110] (112)[1T0] (111)[TT2]。再结晶后具有(111)[TT2] (001)[110] (111)[1T0] (112)[1T0]等再结晶织构。实验结果表明深冲铌板在45°方向出现四个“制耳”主要由(001)[110]织构引起,而0°,45°方向出现的六个“制耳”是(111)[TT2]织构引起。此外还探讨了消除深冲“制耳”出现的可能途径。     

终轧温度及退火温度对5052铝合金板材组织及性能的影响

采用拉伸和硬度测试、显微组织及拉伸断口观察等方法研究了终轧温度及退火温度对5052铝合金板材组织及性能的影响。结果表明,未经退火时,板材表层已经发生再结晶,而中心层组织仅发生回复过程。退火处理后,随退火温度的升高,合金板材的强度、硬度下降,而伸长率增加。5052铝合金终轧温度不低于330 ℃时,可在后续的冷加工获得较为均匀的组织,经400~500 ℃退火可获得综合性能较为优异(R_m≥175 MPa、R_p0.2≥65 MPa和A≥32%)的5052-O态合金板材。     

7475-T7351合金板材不同取向条件下的组织与性能

通过室温拉伸性能测试、金相组织观察、透射电镜分析以及取向分布函数测定,研究了25 mm厚时效态7475-T7351合金板材不同取向条件下的显微组织和力学性能,定量分析了织构与平面各向异性的关系。结果表明,7475-T7351合金板材纵向抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别为501MPa、428MPa、8.4%;横向抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别为491MPa、416 MPa、8.9%。纵向抗拉强度和屈服强度比横向高约10 MPa,但伸长率变化很小,表明板材具有各向异性。7475-T7351合金板材中的晶体织构主要有Cu织构{112}111、S织构{123}634和Brass织构{110}112,这3种织构是由于铝合金冷轧后受层错能影响产生的。经计算,它们在合金中的体积分数分别为19.95%、16.67%、12.06%。此外,还有相对较弱的立方织构{001}100,为再结晶时形成的织构,体积分数为4.58%。通过对施密特因子的计算,表明不同取向条件下合金板材力学性能的各向异性与合金织构密切相关。     

大应变交叉轧制对高Mg含量Al-Li合金板材组织和性能的影响（英文）

采用透射电镜观察(TEM)、电子背散射成像技术(EBSD)和X射线衍射技术对比分析喷射成形Al-9.8Mg-1.5Li-0.4Mn合金交叉轧制态板材与挤压态板材的显微组织及织构特征,并测试板材的拉伸性能和深冲性能。结果表明:大压下量交叉轧制能促进动态再结晶的发生、细化晶粒组织以及改善再结晶晶粒的择优取向;与CBA和CCB轧制方式相比,CBB轧制方式显著降低了挤压态合金中典型Brass织构{110}112的取向密度,在β取向线上CBB轧制态板材中Copper织构{112}111和Brass织构{110}112的取向密度均最低,且板材中没有典型的织构特征;同时,CBB轧制态合金板材具有更好的深冲性能,在0°、45°和90°三个方向的力学性能基本一致,其室温拉伸强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别为617 MPa、523 MPa和大于20.1%,各方向力学性能偏差小于3%。     

织构对铝-镁-钪合金板材平面各向异性的影响

采用室温拉伸、X-射线衍射技术(XRD)等方法研究了不同取向条件下铝-镁-钪合金冷轧-退火态板材的织构类型以及拉伸力学性能的各向异性.通过Schmid因子及其倒数的加权计算,初步探讨了织构对合金板材力学性能各向异性的影响.结果表明,经350℃×1h退火后,铝-镁-钪合金板材的织构组分主要为S织构{123}<634>和Brass织构{110}<112>等典型的形变织构;合金板材在纵向(0°方向)和横向(90°方向)的屈服强度较高,在45°拉伸方向的屈服强度较低,并且表现出反常的各向异性,而伸长率则在45°拉伸方向上最高.经分析可知,织构是影响合金板材平面各向异性的主要因素.     

热轧Ni_(47)Ti_(44)Nb_9形状记忆合金板材的织构及其对拉伸和恢复性能的影响

采用XRD、SEM和拉伸试验机对热轧Ni47Ti44Nb9形状记忆合金板材的织构及其对拉伸和恢复性能的影响进行研究,以便为改善该合金的力学和记忆性能提供理论依据。热轧板材的织构主要为{001}uv0和{111}uvw丝,沿轧向(RD),{001}uv0丝织构中强组分向{001}010靠近,{111}uvw丝织构中的{111}112和{111}165组分较强;沿横向(TD),强织构组分为{001}010和{111}132;热轧板材经高于再结晶温度热处理后,沿轧向,应力诱发马氏体相变临界应力最高,与轧向成45°角方向的临界应力最低,且沿横向拉伸断口表面出现很多微裂纹;经850℃热处理后,临界应力随着冷速的加快而降低,且该温度下退火板材的织构对可恢复应变的影响不明显,基本在7.0%～7.4%。     

终轧温度对50W600无取向硅钢组织、织构和电磁性能的影响

利用工业试验和OM、SEM和EBSD等系统地研究了830 ℃和860 ℃终轧温度下50W600无取向硅钢组织结构的演变规律及成品电磁性能。结果表明,提高终轧温度有利于促进热轧板特别是其心部的再结晶和晶粒长大,促进退火冷轧板的晶粒长大。50W600无取向硅钢在热轧-冷轧-退火过程中的织构演变规律主要为高斯织构{110}<001>→{112}<110>、{001}<110>和{111}面纤维织构→{111}面纤维织构。终轧温度从830 ℃提高到860 ℃,一方面减弱了热轧板中的{111}面纤维织构组分,另一方面增强了冷轧板中的{111}面纤维织构组分并减弱了其{001}<110>织构组分,最终促进退火冷轧板中对磁性有害的{111}面纤维织构组分减弱和对磁性有利的{001}<110>织构组分增强。提高终轧温度有利于无取向硅钢的铁损降低和磁感应强度提高。     

终轧工艺对AM50镁合金轧板力学性能和织构特征的影响

采用不同的轧辊温度和速率制备AM50镁合金轧板,研究终轧工艺对镁板力学性能和织构特征的影响。研究表明：在轧辊温度为200°C和轧辊速率为5 m/min条件下制备的镁板的强度（极限抗拉强度：295 MPa;屈服强度：224 MPa）和伸长率（22.9%）之间达到较优组合;在热轧过程中,轧板的屈服强度主要取决于轧制温度,而织构强度则对轧辊速率更为敏感;提高轧制温度或轧辊速率均可改善AM50镁合金板材力学性能的各性异性。     

Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Mg–xAl–1Sn–0.3Mn( x = 1, 3, 5) Alloy Sheets

The influence of Al alloying on the microstructures and the mechanical properties of Mg–x Al–1 Sn–0.3 Mn alloy sheets was investigated. The microstructure of Mg– x Al–1 Sn–0.3 Mn consisted of α-Mg and Mg 17 Al 12 precipitates. Alloying with Al increased the amount of Mg_(17)Al_(12) and the average grain size. Uniaxial tensile tests were carried out along the extrusion direction(ED), the transverse direction(TD) and 45° toward the ED. Mg–5 Al–1 Sn–0.3 Mn alloy sheet exhibited the best combination of mechanical properties along the ED: a yield strength of 142 MPa, an ultimate tensile strength of 282 MPa and an elongation of 23%. The good performance of Mg–5 Al–1 Sn–0.3 Mn sheet was mainly attributed to the large quantity of Mg_(17)Al_(12) precipitates and a weak basal texture. Annealing caused static dynamic recrystallization, refined the grain size and enhanced the mechanical properties: yield strength of 186 MPa, ultimate tensile strength of 304 MPa, elongation of 21% along ED. Both strength and ductility were enhanced by Al alloying.     

Texture and mechanical properties of Al-0.5Mg-1.0Si-0.5Cu alloy sheets manufactured via a cross rolling method

The relationship between the texture and mechanical properties of 6xxx aluminum alloy sheets processed via cross rolling was investigated. The microstructures of the conventional rolled and cross rolled sheets after annealing were analyzed using optical micrographs (OM). The texture distribution across the thickness in the Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy, conventional rolled sheets, and cross rolled sheets both before and after annealing was investigated via X-ray texture measurements. The texture was analyzed in three layers from the surface to the center of the sheet. The β-fiber texture of the conventional rolled sheet was typical of the texture obtained using aluminumoll ring. After annealing, the typical β-fiber orientations were changed to recrystallization textures: cube{001}〈100〉 and normal direction (ND)-rotated cubes. However, the texture of the cross rolled sheet was composed of an asymmetrical, rolling direction (RD)-rotated cubes. After annealing, the asymmetrical orientations in the cross rolled sheet were changed to a randomized texture. The average R-value of the annealed cross rolled sheets was higher than that of the conventional rolled sheets. The limit dome height (LDH) test results demonstrated that cross rolling is effective in improving the formability of the Al-Mg-Si-Cu alloy sheets.     

Effects of rolling condition on the tensile properties of Mg-MM-Sn-Al-Zn alloy

The microstructures and mechanical properties of Mg-2MM-2Sn-1Al-1Zn (ETAZ2211) sheets fabricated under different conditions have been investigated. Two hot-rolling routes following extrusion have been carried out at 300 °C or 400 °C. One method is to roll the extruded strips parallel to the extrusion direction (ED); the other is to roll the extruded strips perpendicular to the extrusion direction (TD). The strength and the elongation-to-fracture of specimens prepared by a combination of extrusion and rolling processes are increased dramatically when compared those of the simply rolled specimens. Especially, the TD alloy sheet rolled at 300 °C exhibits the best combination of strength and ductility, i.e. yield strength of 178.5 MPa, ultimate tensile strength of 239.1 MPa, uniform elongation of 24.4 % and elongation-to-fracture of 37.9 %. Observation of texture reveals that the intensity of (0002) texture is lower for the TD alloy sheets than that for the ED alloy sheets, indicating that the texture intensity is reduced by change of the rolling direction.     

The rolling texture of 18% Ni-350 maraging steel

Texture development in hot rolled sheet and hot forged tube of 18%Ni- 350 maraging steel has been studied after various degrees of cold deformation and flow turning, respectively. Hot rolled sheet exhibited considerable mechanical anisotropy. Weak texture development was observed following flow turning compared to cold deformation. Above 80% deformation, an increase in work hardening was accompanied by an increase in the orientation density of the texture component (001 )[110]. Deformation of 97% leads to the development of the texture component (111)[110], with the highest orientation density 10.3 times random and a constant orientation density of 9 times random along (φ1 at ϕ = 55° and φ2 = 45°. This texture was correlated with the appearance of shear bands in the microstructure.     

润滑对3104铝合金板变形织构的影响

在无润滑(WOL)和润滑(WL)2种轧制条件下,分别对2.3 mm厚的热轧3104铝合金板进行不同压下量的冷轧.应用取向分布函数(ODF)定量计算和分析在不同轧制压下量下润滑对3104铝合金板材沿板厚方向织构演变的影响.结果表明:随着轧制压下量的增加,样品各层的织构组分强度均逐渐增加;无润滑轧制时样品表面层主要织构组分取向密度普遍高于相同压下量下润滑轧制时的取向密度.导致表面层织构组分增强的原因是摩擦引起应变状态改变的结果.     

CSP卷取温度对冷轧深冲钢板的影响

研究了热轧卷取温度对CSP(compact strip production)冷轧深冲板的性能、组织和织构的影响。CSP热轧板组织主要为多边形铁素体,随卷取温度降低,晶粒尺寸略有减小。660℃和680℃卷取的成品冷轧板组织为等轴晶粒,卷取温度不超过600℃时则以"饼型"晶粒为主。力学性能测试表明,低于600℃卷取的成品板屈服强度和抗拉强度较低,其加权平均塑性应变比(rm)可达到1.80以上,伸长率超过49%。随卷取温度升高,成品板的{001}〈110〉和{110}〈110〉织构的取向分布密度逐渐升高,{111}织构取向分布密度先升高后降低,{111}〈110〉和{111}〈112〉织构取向分布密度差值也是先升后降。     

Ti-IF钢组织织构演变规律

本文借助光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪（XRD）和电子背散射衍射技术（EBSD）对CSP流程生产Ti-IF钢的热轧、冷轧及退火板料分别进行宏观织构和微观织构的观察并研究其演变过程。结果表明,CSP工艺生产的Ti-IF钢的热轧织构比较散漫,开始形成较弱的γ纤维织构;冷轧织构主要是较强的γ纤维织构和较弱的α纤维织构,主要组分有{111}<110>、{111}<112>、{112}<110>、{001}<110>;退火织构以强烈的γ纤维织构为主,主要组分为{111}<110>、{111}<112>。     

L485M管线钢的拉伸性能各向异性

利用Z1200材料拉伸试验机检验了L485M管线钢热轧板卷纵向、30°、45°、横向4个不同方向的屈服强度和抗拉强度,然后利用X′ Pert Pro MRD X光衍射仪对板卷厚度不同位置、不同方向的织构进行了检测和分析。结果表明:L485M钢强度指标各向异性明显,横向＞纵向＞45°＞30°,且横向强度明显高于其他3个方向。L485M钢织构检验结果与拉伸性能表现出明显的一致性,纵向、30°、45°主要织构基本为{112}<111>、{001}<110>,理论上横向与纵向晶面一致,晶向相差90°,即横向织构主要为{112}<110>、{001}<112>,因此其性能与其他方向差别明显。     

Texture Evolution,Formability and Ridging Resistance of a Sn-bearing Ferritic Stainless Steel Under Different Hot Band Annealing Temperatures

The microstructure, texture evolution and spatial orientation distribution during cold rolling and the subsequent annealing as well as formability and ridging of a Sn-bearing ferritic stainless steel under different hot band annealing temperatures were investigated. The four hot bands with annealing temperatures of 900, 950, 1000 and 1050 °C were all cold-rolled to 80% reductions and then were annealed at the same temperature of 900 °C. The results show that optimizing hot band annealing process is benefi cial to reduce the amount of {001} 110 grains and weaken the texture intensity, and thus, to reduce ridging and improve formability. In the present study, the fi nal sheets with hot band annealing temperature of 900 °C possess small and inhomogeneous grains with a large amount of {001} 110 orientations, which deteriorates the formability and increases the ridging. In comparison, the fi nal sheets with hot band annealing temperature of 950 °C are comprised of uniform and equiaxed 111//ND(ND: normal direction) recrystallized grains with a high texture intensity favorable for the improvement in r value and surface quality. However, when hot band annealing temperature further increases to 1000 and 1050 °C, it shows a sharp decrease in r value and a remarkable increase in ridging as a result of a reduction in γ-fi ber texture intensity and an increase in grain size in the fi nal sheets. Suitable controlling and optimizing hot band annealing process is essential to improve the formability and reduce the ridging.