Al-Sc合金中Al3Sc析出相的研究进展

含Sc铝合金具有的优异性能与Al3Sc析出相紧密相关.本文从Al3Sc的微观结构、热力学性能、析出动力学、Sc与其它元素的交互作用等方面进行了综述,并介绍了用Er取代价格昂贵的Sc,形成Al3Er析出相的作用.     

半固态铸造高Cu含量Al-Cu合金的组织及形成机制

通过对较高Cu含量的铝合金微观组织的观察,研究了半固态铸造的Al-10Cu、Al-20Cu和Al-40Cu合金中初生α-Al枝晶、共晶晶粒和初生θ相的形貌、尺寸的变化规律以及形成机制.结果表明,半固态铸造Al-10Cu、Al-20Cu合金的初生α-Al呈近等轴的球状或蔷薇球状,其大小为50～80 μm;半固态铸造的过共晶Al-40Cu合金中初生CuAl2的形貌由较粗较长的条状转变为粒状或长径比较小的短棒状或近等轴的颗粒状,其平均尺寸小于80 μm,基本消除了粗长的初生CuAl2,改善了晶粒形貌;与普通铸造相比,半固态铸造3种Al-Cu合金的组织得到显著的改善,完全能够达到工程应用的要求.经强烈搅拌制备的半固态Al-Cu合金中的α-Al晶粒的生长可以看作内生生长,这是高Cu含量的铝合金能形成近等轴的球状、蔷薇球状、较小的短棒状、近等轴的颗粒状组织的原因.     

Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Sc合金铸态Al3(Sc，Zr)相形貌的研究

采用金相显微镜、扫描电镜和能谱分析,研究Sc细化Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr合金铸态组织的机制和一次Al3(Sc,Zr)粒子的形貌特征。结果表明:从熔体中析出的Al3(Sc,Zr)一次粒子是α(Al)固溶体的有效形核剂,该粒子以亚稳的L12型Al3Zr为核心,形成富钪与富锆Al3(Sc,Zr)层相间排列的多层复合结构。在Al-9.0Zn-2.5Mg-2.5Cu-0.15Zr合金中添加0.20%～0.60%(质量分数)的钪,合金的铸态组织由粗大的树枝晶变为等轴晶,随着钪含量的增加,合金铸态组织得到进一步细化。     

Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Sc合金铸态Al3(Sc，Zr)相形貌的研究

采用金相显微镜、扫描电镜和能谱分析,研究Sc细化Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr合金铸态组织的机制和一次Al3(Sc, Zr)粒子的形貌特征。结果表明：从熔体中析出的Al3(Sc, Zr)一次粒子是α(Al)固溶体的有效形核剂,该粒子以亚稳的L12型Al3Zr为核心,形成富钪与富锆Al3(Sc, Zr)层相间排列的多层复合结构。在Al-9.0Zn-2.5Mg-2.5Cu-0.15Zr合金中添加0.20%~0.60%（质量分数）的钪,合金的铸态组织由粗大的树枝晶变为等轴晶,随着钪含量的增加,合金铸态组织得到进一步细化。     

Sc和Zr复合微合金化对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金组织与性能的影响

采用水冷铜模一激冷铸造法，制备了三种Sc和Zr含量不同的Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金薄板材，测试了合金经120℃时效不同时间后的拉伸性能，利用光学显微镜和透射电子显微镜观察了合金的显微组织。结果表明：采用Sc和Zr复合微合金化可明显细化合金的铸态晶粒组织，抑制合金的再结晶，大大提高合金的强度；Sc含量越高，晶粒细化效果越好，合金强度提高也越大；微量Sc和Zr在Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金中主要以Al3（Sc，Zr）质点的形式存在，初生Al3（Sc，Zr）粒子是在合金凝固过程中形成的，主要起非均质形核的作用，次生Al3（Sc，Zr）粒子是合金在均匀化处理和后续热处理中析出的，起亚结构强化和直接析出强化作用。     

Cu含量和Sc添加对高锌Al−Zn−Mg−Cu合金淬火敏感性和显微组织的影响

根据7085合金成分,调整7xxx铝合金中Zn、Cu和Sc的含量;研究Zn、Cu含量及Sc添加对7xxx铝合金显微组织、硬度和淬火敏感性的影响。在距淬火端3 mm处,高Zn和Sc添加合金的硬度值高于7085合金的。在距淬火端120 mm处,η和T相的密度随Zn和Cu含量的增加而增加,Sc添加导致形成Y相和更多的η相。与7085合金相比,高Zn高Cu和Sc添加合金具有更高的淬火敏感性。增加Zn含量并降低Cu含量可在提高7085合金硬度的同时降低其淬火敏感性。     

不同冷速Ag-5Sc合金的凝固组织

采用感应熔炼钢模凝固、慢速平衡凝固、液态快速凝固制备Ag-5Sc二元合金。借助差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、金相显微镜、电子探针(EMPA)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)研究合金在不同冷速条件下的组织结构、钪的分布和形成的化合物相。结果表明,钢模凝固形成环状Ag4Sc相与共晶组织交替的环形层状组织结构,其它组织为致密细小的共晶组织。慢冷凝固是粗大的胞状共晶组织,胞状间存在块状Ag4Sc相。液态快冷凝固为呈细小蜂窝状结构,组织为等轴晶粒。钢模凝固环形和慢冷凝固块状Ag4Sc相中钪元素分布密度比共晶中的Ag4Sc相高,液态快冷合金中钪元素分布均匀。     

Al-8.0Zn-2.0Mg-2.1Cu合金均匀化过程中Al2CuMg相的消除

采用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、电子探针显微分析(EPMA)、X射线衍射(XRD)以及差示扫描量热仪(DSC)研究了一种高合金化Al-8.0Zn-2.0Mg-2.1Cu(wt%)合金在均匀化过程中难溶相Al₂CuMg的形成以及实现其充分溶解的工艺。结果表明:铸态时,合金中主要的非平衡凝固相为Mg(Zn, Al, Cu)₂相,Zn、Mg、Cu元素偏聚严重。经过470 ℃×40 h一级均匀化后,虽然Mg(Zn, Al, Cu)₂相逐渐回溶至基体中促进了合金中枝晶网络的基本消除,但合金中形成了一种耐高温的有害相Al₂CuMg。进一步采用485 ℃×14 h的高温均匀化工艺实现了合金中耐高温相Al₂CuMg的充分回溶。扩散动力学分析表明,470 ℃×40 h+485 ℃×14 h的双级均匀化工艺足以使合金中的非平衡相回溶至基体中。     

热处理过程中Mg-2Nd-4Zn-1Zr合金微观组织的结构特征(英文)

对比研究了Mg-2Nd-4Zn-1Zr合金在铸态和热处理态下显微组织结构的演变。借助TEM、SEM和XRD等研究发现,合金中的第二相有几种不同的种类特征。在铸态下,合金中存在的共晶化合物是由Mg、Nd和Zn构成的两种不同类型的三元相:T相和W相。然而,经过热处理,随着时间和温度的变化,T相几乎完全溶解进入α-Mg基体中,但W相仍然大量剩余在基体中。此外,随着热处理时间的延长,沿晶界分布的第二相的形貌由连续分布的网状逐渐转变为球状。在热处理过程中,合金中W相是一种高热力学稳定相,其数量随着热处理的进行而逐渐减少,并最终粗化、稳定地存在于基体中。     

少量Sc对Al-Mg-Cu-Li-Zr合金组织与性能的影响

通过显微硬度测试、拉伸试验、SEM、TEM及能谱等方法研究了添加少量Sc对Al-4.0Mg-1.5Cu-1.0Li-0.12Zr合金微观组织与性能的影响.结果表明,Sc的加入能显著提高合金硬度、强度和塑性;促进时效初期δ'(Al3Li)相的均匀析出,形成尺寸细小的δ'相和尺寸较大的Al3Li/Al3(Sc,Zr)复合相,并延缓了δ'相的长大;Sc的添加还促进过时效阶段S'相的弥散析出,延缓软化进程.Z相的形成与时效温度密切相关,而与Ag的添加并无直接关系.     

Microstructure and properties of Al-4Cu alloy containing Sc

The effects of different contents of Sc addition on the microstructures and properties of the Al-4 %Cu alloy were studied by tensile properties measurement, optical microscope, X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electronmicroscope (SEM) and energy spectrum analysis. The experimental results show that rare-earth element Sc is capable of refining the dendritic structure of the Al-4%Cu alloy, the tensile strength σb and yield strength σ0.2 just increase a little when the content of Sc is lower than 0.2%; when the content reaches 0.3%-0.4%, σb and σ0.2 slightly decrease; but σb and σ0.2 rise again when the Sc content is 0.5%, though both of them are lower than those of theAl-4%Cu alloy without Sc addition. However, Sc addition has little influence on the elongation of the Al-4 %Cu alloy. Adding Sc to the Al-4%Cu alloy, when the amount of Sc is lower than 0.2%, Sc mostly exists in the α(Al)solid solution; when the Sc content is in the range of 0.3%- 0.5%, only a part of Sc exists in the α-Al solid solution, the rest appears in two ways: one is that Sc and Al form Al3Sc which can strengthen the alloy, and the other,Sc interacts with Al and Cu to form AlCuSc phase.     

含钪Al-Cu-Li合金氩弧焊接头组织与性能

为了探索新型含钪Al-Cu-Li-Zr合金板材的焊接接头性能,采用氩弧焊接工艺对该合金的T6峰时效态板材进行了焊接.采用室温拉伸力学性能试验、金相显微镜和透射电镜研究了焊缝的显微组织和力学性能之间的关系.结果表明,在氩弧焊条件下,采用钪与锆、锰等多组元复合微合金化焊丝对含钪Al-Cu-Li-Zr合金板材进行焊接,焊接接头的强度系数达到65%,拉伸试验断口发生在热影响区内,微量钪对焊接接头具有晶粒细化强化作用和直接析出强化作用.     

Microstructures evolution and mechanical properties disparity in 2070 Al-Li alloy with minor Sc addition

The microstructures and mechanical properties of Al-3.35Cu-1.2Li-0.4Mg-0.4Zn-0.3Mn-0.1Zr (mass fraction, %) alloy with Sc addition or free Sc were investigated through tensile test, SEM, EPMA and TEM. The addition of 0.082% (mass fraction) Sc element leads to the formation of Cu-rich and Sc-contained nano-sized Al₃(ScZr) particles and W phase particles. The Al₃(ScZr) particles can inhibit recrystallization to a certain extent and impede recrystallized grain growth during solution treatment. It is found that W phase cannot dissolve in supersaturated solid solution during the solution heat treatment, and the Cu content in the solutionized matrix is decreased, which causes a decrease in the fraction of Cu-contained strengthening precipitates with T₁ (Al₂CuLi) and θ′ (Al₂Cu) under T8 aging condition. Due to the formation of the W phases, the small Sc addition causes a little reduction in the strength.     

含钪Al-Cu-Li-Zr合金的热处理制度

通过显微组织观察和室温拉伸实验,研究了固溶热处理制度和时效制度对含Sc的Al-Cu-Li-Zr合金拉伸力学性能与显微组织的影响。结果表明,适当提高固溶温度或延长固溶时间可以促进合金中过剩相的溶解,提高合金的强度和塑性;合金适宜的固溶-时效处理制度为530℃×1 h水淬＋160℃×40 h时效,在此条件下,合金的抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别为490MPa、416 MPa和9.8%。T1相是合金的主要时效强化相。     

微量Sc对2195铝锂合金应变时效态的显微组织和力学性能的影响

采用拉伸试验机、光学金相显微镜、透射电镜、扫描电镜等设备研究了添加微量Sc对2195铝锂合金应变时效态的显微组织和拉伸性能的影响。结果表明：微量Sc加入后能生成细小弥散Al3(Sc，Zr)质点，起到抑制再结晶的作用；微量Sc的加入既促使合金晶内析出的T1相分布更弥散均匀，又能使亚晶界和晶界上析出的T1相变得细小，几乎不出现明显的晶界无析出带，因而可在不降低合金强度的前提下有效地改善其塑性。     

Effects of minor Sc on microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-Zn-Mg-Zr alloy welded joint

Two kinds of AI-6.0Zn-2.0Mg-0.12Zr and AI-6.0Zn-2.0Mg-0.2Sc-0.12Zr alloy plates were prepared by ingot-metallurgy. The alloy plates with 3 mm thickness were welded by argon shield welding method, and the mechanical properties and microstructures of the two welded joints filled with AI-Mg-Sc welding wire were studied comparatively. The results show that firstly, minor Sc can raise the mechanical properties of the Al-Zn-Mg-Zr base alloy greatly. The reason for the increment is the fine grain strengthening, precipitation strengthening and the substructure strengthening caused by Al3（Sc, Zr）. Secondly, η phase （MgZn2） and grain size in the heat-affected zone of the alloy without Sc become coarse obviously, the η＇ phase （MgZn2） in the heat-affected zone of the alloy with Sc becomes coarse also, but the grain size has no visible change. Al3（Sc, Zr） particles are rather stable and can inhibit the movement of dislocation/land sub-grain boundaries, overaging softening is not serious. Thirdly, adding minor Sc can raise the strength of welded joint remarkably, the tensile strength of alloy with Sc increases from 395 MPa to 447 MPa and the welding coefficient increases from 0.7 to 0.8 as well. The reason for the high strength of welded joint with Sc addition is the fine grain strengthening, precipitation strengthening and the increasing of resistance to thermal cycling softening caused by Al3（Sc, Zr）.     

Effect of minor Sc and Zr on microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy

1 Introduction The microstructure and properties of aluminium alloys are strongly affected by adding small quantities of scandium. Minor Sc may improve the temperature of recrystallization and fracture toughness, decrease the sensitivity of stress corrosi…     

Sc添加对铸造Al-3Cu-1Li合金在酸性NaCl溶液中腐蚀行为的影响

在2 mol/L NaCl酸性溶液中,研究少量Sc对铸态Al-3Cu-1Li合金腐蚀行为的影响。通过XRD对铸态Al-3Cu-1Li-xSc（质量分数）合金进行相分析,用FE-SEM/EDS和TEM观察了Al-3Cu-1Li合金和Al-3Cu-1Li-0.5Sc合金的显微组织;采用极化曲线、电化学阻抗谱（EIS）、电化学噪声（EN）和浸泡法对合金的腐蚀行为进行了研究,并探讨腐蚀机制。结果表明：含Sc的Al-3Cu-1Li合金晶内富Cu球形相减少,晶界析出W相。随Sc含量的增加,合金腐蚀反应的活化能降低,阴极析氢速率增加,自腐蚀电流密度增加,合金的耐蚀性降低。添加Sc后,合金在空气中形成的表面膜保护作用减弱至消失,使含Sc合金的阻抗谱低频感抗弧逐渐消失。在EN测量期间,不含Sc和含0.1%Sc的合金表面处于“膜破裂-再钝化”状态;含0.3%Sc和0.5%Sc的合金发生严重的局部腐蚀（晶间腐蚀）,且与W相有关。