室温离子液体在石油化工中的应用

介绍了室温离子液体的制备及物理性质,详细说明了室温离子液体在石油化工中的应用,如在烷基化、氢化、脱硫、C-C偶联等反应中的应用;分析了室温离子液体现存的缺点.最后,提出室温离子液体工业应用的方向及可能存在的问题.     

离子液体催化脱除重整芳烃中微量烯烃

以室温离子液体作为催化剂,考察了间歇反应中离子液体用量和反应时间等因素对脱除芳烃中微量烯烃的影响,并通过连续反应考察了离子液体的寿命.结果表明,在室温,离子液体用量5%,反应10 min的条件下,[bmim]Br-AlCl2离子液体具有优良的催化性能,芳烃中微量烯烃脱除率达到98%以上.离子液体脱除烯烃催化反应机理是烷基化反应.     

离子液体在有机合成中的应用研究

离子液体是阴离子为无机或有机阴离子,阳离子为有机阳离子,在室温温度上下状态为液体的盐类。离子液体在有机合成中具有着广泛应用,主要反应类型为氧化反应、还原反应等。离子液体在有机合成中作为溶剂和催化剂有较好的发展方向。     

室温离子液体酸催化剂研究进展

综述了室温离子液体酸的组成、结构性质及其在催化酯化反应、Friedel-Crafts反应、烷基化反应、催化裂解、亲电反应及缩合反应等方面的应用进展.同传统酸催化剂体系相比,使用室温离子液体酸催化剂的反应体系的选择性、活性及催化剂循环次数均可得到改善,并能有效地抑制副反应,缩短反应时间并简化产物与体系的分离过程.探索室温离子液体酸对于特定反应的催化性能,是现今国内外相关研究领域的一个热点.     

离子液体在精细化工中的应用

综述了离子液体在Heck反应、氧化反应、加氢还原反应、傅-克反应和醇的卤代反应中的应用。氯铝酸离子液体催化的合成丁基苯的傅-克反应中,室温下反应3m in即可反应完全,而在离子液体中进行的烯烃加氢反应只需反应6h。离子液体也能加快氧化反应的反应速度。     

室温离子液体及其研究进展

室温离子液体是在室温或室温附近呈液态、具有离子特性的一种液体.因具有较低的熔点,良好的导电性和可以忽略的蒸汽压等优点,引起了科学界和工业界的广泛瞩目.近年来,随着研究的深入,室温离子液体已在化学分离、催化、电化学等方面发挥着重要作用,特别是室温离子液体作为高效绿色溶剂的应用方面越来越被关注.本文对室温离子液体的种类、特性及研究进展方面进行了综述.     

咪唑型室温离子液体介质中甲苯氯甲基化反应的研究

在溴化N,N-二烷基咪唑型室温离子液体反应介质中,尝试了甲苯、多聚甲醛和氯化氢气体的氯甲基化反应。以[C5mim]Br为催化剂,考察了反应温度、反应时间和离子液体用量对反应转化率的影响,获得的较佳反应条件为:反应温度65℃,反应时间10h,离子液体催化剂用量为甲苯物质的量的4%,在此条件下甲苯的转化率为82.6%,单氯甲基化选择性为100%。随着溴化N,N-二烷基咪唑型室温离子液体烷基链的增长,甲苯转化率有所提高;以溴化N-十二烷基-3-甲基咪唑离子液体为催化剂时,甲苯转化率可达90%,单氯甲基化选择性为100%。反应结束后产物与离子液体自动分层,便于分离。离子液体催化剂重复使用6次,甲苯转化率保持恒定。     

室温离子液体催化异丁烷-丁烯烷基化的中试研究

在Et2NHCl—AlCl3离子液体催化异丁烷-丁烯烷基化实验室研究的基础上,考察了离子液体的放大合成和中试规模的离子液体烷基化反应。考察了反应温度、进料烷烯比和丁烯原料对反应的影响,确定了具体的反应条件。首次在中试装置上验证了使用室温离子液体取代传统HF与H2SO4进行异丁烷烷基化反应的可能性。     

离子液体及其在石油化工中的应用

离子液体即在室温或接近室温下呈液态的、完全由离子构成的物质,作为环境友好和"可设计性"溶剂正在引起越来越多的重视。它具有熔点低、蒸气压小、酸性可调及良好的溶解度、粘度和密度等特点。本文综述了离子液体的组成、分类、性质、制备和纯化,详细说明了其在石油化工中的应用,如在烷基化、氢化、脱硫等反应中的应用。     

室温离子液及其在羰化反应中的应用进展

详细介绍了环境友好室温离子液体的结构与性能、制备方面的研究新进展,并对其在羰化反应中的应用进行了综述。认为深入研究离子液体结构和性能的关系,通过分子设计,制备出性能独特的新型离子液体,以满足研究和生产需要,具有十分重要的理论价值和现实意义。离子液体作为环境友好的催化剂和绿色溶剂在以羰化反应为代表的多种有机合成反应中具有反应速度快、转化率高、催化体系可循环使用等优点,具有广阔的应用前景。     

离子液体在有机反应中的应用

室温离子液体,由含氮的有机阳离子和无机阴离子组成,由于离子液体是很多化合物的溶剂,也能够溶解作为催化剂的过渡金属络合物,其阴离子还是潜在的配位体,故它们能起催化剂的功能,本文着重讨论这方面的发展状况。     

离子液体中金属的电沉积

与普通有机溶剂相比,室温离子液体具有很宽的电化学窗口,优良的导电性,不挥发,热稳定性较高等优点.离子液体作为新一代绿色溶剂正日益受到重视.将离子液体分为AlCl3型离子液体和非AlCl3型离子液体两类,分别评述了在这两类离子液体中金属电沉积的研究进展.     

Room temperature ionic liquids as replacements for conventional solvents – A review

Room temperature ionic liquids are salts that are liquids at ambient temperature. They are excellent solvents for a broad range of polar organic compounds and they show partial miscibility with aromatic hydrocarbons. Typical room temperature ionic liquids have a stable liquid range of over 300 K and have a very low vapor pressure at room temperature. Ionic liquids that are not hydrolyzed show a wide range of solubility in water. These unique properties have suggested that they might be useful as environmentally benign solvents that could replace volatile organic compounds (VOC). By varying the length and branching of the alkane chains of the cationic core and the anionic precursor, the solvent properties of ionic liquids should be able to be tailored to meet the requirements of specific applications to create an almost infinitely set of “designer solvents”. A review of recent applications of ionic liquids is presented along with some results of measurements of liquid-liquid equilibria and partition coefficients with alcohols. The results are compared with predictions based on quantum mechanic calculations.     

室温离子液体的制备及物化性能研究

合成了[bm im]B r和[bm im]BF4室温离子液体,考察了其在不同溶剂中的溶解性能及导电性能,同时对离子液体在不同溶剂中的紫外吸收进行了测定。结果表明,离子液体在水、乙醇、乙酸、丙酮中可以较好的溶解,而在乙醚、苯、正己烷中不溶解;离子液体的电导率随浓度的增大和温度的升高而增大,在不同的溶剂中的电导率K不同,而且相差很大,其顺序为K(水作溶剂)>K(乙醇作溶剂)>K(乙酸作溶剂)。溶剂的极性对离子液体的紫外吸收影响较大,最大吸收波长的顺序为:λm ax(水为溶剂)<λm ax(乙醇为溶剂)<λm ax(乙酸为溶剂)。     

Ionic liquids as electrolytes

Salts having a low melting point are liquid at room temperature, or even below, and form a new class of liquids usually called room temperature ionic liquids (RTIL). Information about RTILs can be found in the literature with such key words as: room temperature molten salt, low-temperature molten salt, ambient-temperature molten salt, liquid organic salt or simply ionic liquid. Their physicochemical properties are the same as high temperature ionic liquids, but the practical aspects of their maintenance or handling are different enough to merit a distinction. The class of ionic liquids, based on tetraalkylammonium cation and chloroaluminate anion, has been extensively studied since late 1970s of the XX century, following the works of Osteryoung. Systematic research on the application of chloroaluminate ionic liquids as solvents was performed in 1980s. However, ionic liquids based on aluminium halides are moisture sensitive. During the last decade an increasing number of new ionic liquids have been prepared and used as solvents. The general aim of this paper was to review the physical and chemical properties of RTILs from the point of view of their possible application as electrolytes in electrochemical processes and devices. The following points are discussed: melting and freezing, conductivity, viscosity, temperature dependence of conductivity, transport and transference numbers, electrochemical stability, possible application in aluminium electroplating, lithium batteries and in electrochemical capacitors.     

Ionic liquids in separations

Ionic liquids are liquids composed completely of ions. In the past two decades, ionic liquids have been widely used as "green solvents" replacing traditional organic solvents for organic synthesis and catalysis. In addition, ionic liquids are playing an increasingly important role in separation science. In this Account, the application of ionic liquids in all areas of separation science including extractions, gas chromatography, and supported liquid membrane processes are highlighted.     

Influence of ionic liquids on the growth ofEscherichia coli

Ionic liquids are compounds that composed only of ions and are liquid at room temperature. Thus, it is normally named room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL). In this study, the application of RTILs to the extractive fermentation of biomaterials was investigated as a substitute of organic solvents. The relative toxicity of the RTILs on the growth ofE. coli was tested. The inhibition of cell growth in the presence of various ionic liquids was measured using solid and liquid culture, and EC₅₀ of each RTILs was calculated. The number of viable and total cells was measured by the number of colonies and optical density, respectively. Effective concentrations of toxicity (EC₅₀) in these tested systems were similar with conventional solvents, such as acetone, acetonitrile, and ethanol. The viability ofE. coli was affected by the polarity and ionic properties of ionic liquids. The resistance of the microorganisms against ionic liquids was different with the cations and anions composing ionic liquids. No general influence of the anionic compound of the ionic liquids was found on toxicity comparing with distinctive influence of cationic moiety.     

硅胶固定化离子液体的合成与催化醚化性能

室温离子液体是近年来开发并逐渐应用于有机反应中的绿色溶剂和新型催化剂。将离子液体固定于固相载体上可大大减少离子液体在使用过程中的流失。以硅胶为载体,KH-560为偶联剂合成了烷基硅烷化环氧硅胶,再与N-甲基咪唑在浓硫酸作用下制备硅胶固定化离子液体。探讨了在H 促进下的离子液体对醚化反应的催化性能。实验表明,当仅用浓硫酸催化合成正丁醚时,其产率为34%,当体系中仅加入0.5g离子液体和少量浓盐酸时产率则提高至42%,合成固定化离子液体易回收,可重复利用,当重复使用5次后,正丁醚的产率仍可达37.5%。     

绿色溶剂——离子液体及其应用

离子液体作为“绿色的、可设计性”溶剂越来越受到关注。本文介绍了离子液体种类、特性和制备,综述了离子液体在分离过程、电化学、化学反应及材料领域中的应用,展望了离子液体的应用前景。