分子蒸馏法脱除油脂中塑化剂效果的研究

研究了利用分子蒸馏法脱除油脂中邻苯二甲酸酯类塑化剂(PAEC)的工艺条件和脱除效果。结果显示,在刮膜转速190 r/min,进料速率50滴/min、蒸馏温度200℃的分子蒸馏条件下,油脂中邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(DMP)、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP)、邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯(DIBP)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)、邻苯二甲酸二乙基己酯(DEHP)的脱除率分别达到46.5%、68.1%、96.0%、97.3%、71.5%,残留量分别为0.927、0.536、0.246、0.179、0.853 mg/kg。DBP、DEHP残留量达到并优于国标限量要求(≤0.3 mg/kg、≤1.5 mg/kg)。与水蒸汽蒸馏法脱除植物油脂中塑化剂相比,分子蒸馏法能在较低温度和很短时间条件下高效脱除油脂中的PAEs,尤其是对DBP和DEHP的脱除效果显著。     

浓香型原酒中塑化剂的吸附剂筛选

选用4种大孔树脂和4种酒类专用活性炭为吸附剂,采用静态吸附法,首先对57%酒精度模拟加标酒样进行吸附实验,以邻苯二甲酸二甲酯(dimethyl phthalate,DMP)、邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯(diisobutyl phthalate,DIBP)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(di-n-butyl phthalate,DBP)、邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基)己酯(diethylhexyl phthalate,DEHP)4种邻苯二甲酸酯类塑化剂的吸附率为指标进行初选。之后用57%酒精度浓香型原酒进行验证,以塑化剂的吸附率和原酒中己酸乙酯、乙酸乙酯、乳酸乙酯、丁酸乙酯4种香气成分的损失率作为指标,筛选出理想的吸附剂。结果表明:1)JT201、JT203酒类专用活性炭对模拟酒样中4种塑化剂的吸附效果较好,平均吸附率为91.01%和87.21%,大孔树脂中非极性的D4006较其他树脂吸附效果好,吸附率达73.67%;极性大孔树脂NKA-Ⅱ和颗粒活性炭的吸附率不足60%,初选JT201、JT203酒类专用活性炭为原酒中塑化剂的吸附剂。2)JT201、JT203酒类专用活性炭吸附后,原酒中DMP、DBP的去除率均达90%以上,JT201对DIBP、DEHP的去除率均达80%以上,JT203对DIBP、DEHP去除率为78%、72%;JT201、JT203吸附处理后原酒中己酸乙酯、乙酸乙酯、乳酸乙酯、丁酸乙酯分别损失7.7%、6.1%、11.9%、11.6%和10.4%、8.6%、33.9%、16.0%,本研究确定JT201酒类专用活性炭为去除浓香型原酒中塑化剂的最佳吸附剂。     

吸附法脱除大豆油中3-氯丙醇酯及缩水甘油酯的研究

以大豆油为原料,研究了吸附剂种类、添加量对大豆油中3-氯丙醇酯的脱除效果和吸附剂种类、吸附剂添加量、吸附温度、吸附时间对大豆油中缩水甘油酯的脱除效果。结果表明:不同吸附剂对大豆油中3-氯丙醇酯的脱除效果依次为H-1号活性炭活性白土 H-2号活性炭普通活性炭凹凸棒土,所有吸附剂对3-氯丙醇酯的脱除率均较低,脱除效果相对较好的H-1号活性炭的脱除率仅达到34. 42%(添加量为油质量0. 5%),3-氯丙醇酯含量从1. 107 mg/kg下降至0. 726 mg/kg;对缩水甘油酯的脱除效果依次为H-1号活性炭 H-2号活性炭普通活性炭活性白土凹凸棒土,在添加量为2%时,前3种吸附剂对缩水甘油酯的脱除率均达到80%以上,H-1号活性炭的脱除率达到90%以上。在H-1号活性炭添加量3%、吸附时间40 min、吸附温度100℃的优化条件下,大豆油中缩水甘油酯的脱除率为95. 59%,含量从初始的2. 810 mg/kg降低至0. 124 mg/kg,可以有效脱除大豆油中的缩水甘油酯。     

深圳市总膳食中16种邻苯二甲酸酯的污染分布

为深入了解深圳市居民膳食中邻苯二甲酸酯类物质的污染分布规律,利用总膳食研究方法对深圳市膳食样品进行处理,采用气相色谱-质谱法分析膳食混样及单样中的16种邻苯二甲酸酯类含量,评估其污染状况。结果显示,混合膳食样品中深圳市城区的DMP、DBP、DIBP、DEP及DEHP的最高含量分别为0.0672,0.3304,0.3590,0.4537,0.4588 mg/kg;农村区DMP、DBP、DIBP、DEP及DEHP的最高含量分别为0.4347,1.8357,0.5051,0.0909,6.1565 mg/kg。城区DEP、DEHP的污染较DMP、DIBP及DBP污染严重,农村区DBP、DEHP的污染较严重。薯类及制品、肉类及制品、蛋类及制品和水产类及制品4类食品的PAEs的污染程度相对较高。单个样品中,黄鳝中DEP的污染程度最高,为14.5378 mg/kg;马铃薯片中DMP的含量最高,为0.8525 mg/kg;鲫鱼中DEHP的含量最高,为13.3437 mg/kg;鹌鹑蛋中DIBP和DBP污染程度较高,分别为0.8562,2.3118mg/kg。相比于国内外报道的数据,深圳市膳食中PAEs整体污染处于较低水平。     

吸附条件对食用油中苯并（a）芘吸附脱除的影响

将醋酸纤维素负载在活性炭表面得到的改性活性炭应用于食用油中苯并（a）芘的吸附脱除,以吸附脱除率为衡量指标,从吸附剂用量、吸附温度和时间方面对吸附条件进行优化。结果表明,在吸附剂添加量为油重的0.8%,110℃下吸附30 min的条件下,改性活性炭对苯并（a）芘的脱除率高达100%。     

烟台市售塑料包装食用油中塑化剂监测及迁移分析

为了解烟台市售塑料包装食用油中塑化剂的污染水平,并初步预测随贮存时间延长塑化剂迁移含量的变化程度,选择烟台市商场、超市和农贸市场销售的塑料包装食用油样品20个,依据GB/T 21911—2008《食品中邻苯二甲酸酯的测定》,利用GC-MS对DEHP、DBP等16种邻苯二甲酸酯类物质进行检测。常温(20~26℃)下每周检测1次,连续检测样品12周。结果表明:样品中共检测出DIBP、DBP、DEHP和DINP 4种邻苯二甲酸酯类物质,最大值为0.430~4.020 mg/kg,DEHP检出率最高,为70.00%;样品中DEHP、DBP和DIBP的迁移含量随贮存时间延长逐渐增加,其中DIBP迁移含量与贮存时间呈现出对数曲线型变化;DEHP和DBP呈现出类似抛物线型变化;常温下,市售塑料包装食用油中塑化剂随着贮存时间的延长逐渐迁移,需进一步延长贮存时间评估潜在的迁移危害性及其影响因素。     

水蒸汽蒸馏法对油脂中DBP和DEHP脱除效果的研究

研究对比了水蒸汽蒸馏和两段式双温水蒸汽蒸馏对油脂中邻苯二甲酸酯类塑化剂DBP和DEHP的脱除效果,同时考察了脱除条件对油脂中VE和TFA的影响。结果表明,在240℃、100 min的水蒸汽蒸馏条件下,茶籽油和大豆油中DBP含量分别从2.63mg/kg、3.01 mg/kg降至0.16 mg/kg、0.23 mg/kg,DEHP含量在260℃、100 min的条件下分别从7.72 mg/kg、3.24 mg/kg降低至0.78mg/kg、1.23 mg/kg,均达到国标DBP≤0.3 mg/kg、DEHP≤1.5 mg/kg的限量规定。为了将油脂中DEHP含量降至国标规定以下,油脂需经260℃、100 min的水蒸汽蒸馏,在此条件下,茶籽油和大豆油中VE损失率分别为40.6%和21.4%,且大豆油中反式脂肪酸含量升至4.75%。采用190℃、60 min和260℃、30 min的两段式双温水蒸汽蒸馏条件,可以在较短的高温条件下使大豆油中DBP和DEHP含量分别降至国标限量规定以下,且使油脂中V_E损失率和TFA含量明显降低。     

分子蒸馏脱除核桃油中塑化剂工艺优化

为探索利用分子蒸馏脱除核桃油中塑化剂的合理工艺,采用单因素实验考察了蒸馏温度、进料速度和刮膜转速对核桃油中塑化剂DEHP和DBP脱除的影响,在此基础上以DEHP和DBP的含量为指标,运用响应面法对分子蒸馏脱除核桃油中塑化剂的工艺条件进行优化。结果表明：分子蒸馏脱除核桃油中塑化剂的最佳工艺条件为蒸馏温度150?℃、进料速度250 mL/h、刮膜转速260 r/min,在此条件下核桃油中DEHP含量为0.56 mg/kg,DBP含量为0.05 mg/kg,符合我国对食品中DEHP、DBP的限量要求（DEHP≤1.5 mg/kg, DBP≤0.3 mg/kg）。     

响应面法优化活性炭吸附脱除玉米油中玉米赤霉烯酮

以碱炼脱酸玉米油为原料,考察了不同型号活性炭对玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEN)的吸附脱除效果。在单因素试验的基础上,以活性炭添加量、吸附温度、吸附时间为自变量,ZEN脱除率为响应值,采用响应面法优化了吸附条件。结果表明:H-1活性炭(油脂专用活性炭)对ZEN的吸附能力最强;最佳吸附条件为H-1活性炭添加量2.5%、吸附温度80℃、吸附时间20 min;在最佳吸附条件下,玉米油中ZEN脱除率为(87.11±0.64)%。     

菜籽油及其塑料油桶中邻苯二甲酸酯类塑化剂含量检测分析

采用SPE–GC/MS法对市售33份菜籽油及其塑料油桶的16种邻苯二甲酸酯类塑化剂(PAEs)含量进行了检测,并对结果进行了对比分析。PAEs在菜籽油和油桶中的检出率分别为100%和45.5%,共检出DMP、DIBP、DBP、DEHP和DNOP 5种PAEs,菜籽油和油桶中PAEs的检出浓度没有比例关系,但油桶中各PAEs的最大检出浓度均高于菜籽油。依据GB 9685–2008,菜籽油PAEs的超标率分别为DBP 51.5%、DEHP 12.1%,油桶PAEs的超标率分别为DMP 3.03%、DIBP 24.2%、DBP 21.2%和DEHP 42.4%。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press