金属夹层对自冲铆接头强度和失效形式的影响

基于自冲铆技术,分别制备了铝-铝(A0)、铝-泡沫铁镍夹层-铝(A1)和铝-涂胶泡沫铁镍夹层-铝(A2)的3种自冲铆接头.为研究泡沫金属夹层以及涂胶泡沫金属夹层对自冲铆接头强度及失效形式的影响,通过力学试验测试接头静力学性能,从宏观角度分析接头失效形式,并采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对接头失效断口进行微观分析.研究表明...     

泡沫铝孔单元结构模型及压缩特性研究

泡沫金属是近年发展起来的一种新型结构功能材料.对熔体发泡法制备的泡沫铝进行压缩实验,测试了其压缩应力-应变曲线,探讨了压缩变形过程的机理.结果表明,泡沫铝压缩过程具有明显的三阶段变形特征,即弹性段、塑性变形平台段和压实段.压缩性能显示随泡沫铝孔隙率和孔径升高,屈服强度和压实强度下降,且随着颗粒增强剂SiCp的加入,泡沫铝强度得到较大提高.同时,初步建立起理想的孔单元结构模型,推导出孔隙率与孔结构(孔径、壁厚、孔分布)的关系.     

界面微合金化对钢/铝复合板性能影响的研究

研究了微合金化和温度对钢/铝复合板结合强度的影响.通过光学显微镜和X射线衍射仪观察、检测了结合界面的微观结构,并进行剥离强度的测试.结果表明钢铝复合界面扩散反应生成的化合物为Fe2Al5,温度对复合板的界面结合强度影响极大,界面微合金化能显著提高钢/铝复合板界面性能.     

掺铝α-氢氧化钴的制备及其电化学性能研究

以氯化钴和硝酸铝为原料、聚乙二醇为结构导向剂,采用化学共沉淀法制备成片状掺铝α-氢氧化钴.用X射线衍射(XRD)、场发射扫描电镜(SEM)对样品的结构和形貌进行了表征;用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)对样品的成分进行了测定;用循环伏安、恒电流充放电等方法对其电化学性能进行了测试.测试结果表明,钴与铝的摩尔比时目标产物...     

化学镀锡层对镁铝异种金属超声波焊接的影响

为提高镁铝异种金属超声波焊接接头强度,预先在铝合金表面镀锡后进行镁铝异种金属超声波点焊,并对接头的微观组织和力学性能进行分析.研究表明:无镀锡层的镁铝超声波焊接接头界面出现了大量的Mg_3Al_2和Mg_(12)Al_(17)相,其接头的最大拉伸剪切强度为27.5 MPa;含镀锡层的铝镁超声波焊接结合区由镁锡反应扩散层、残余锡层和铝锡反应扩散层组成,其中,铝锡反应层是固溶体层,镁锡反应层主要是过饱和的固溶体基体及弥散析出的中间相Mg_2Sn,其接头的最大拉伸剪切强度为32.9 MPa.镀锡层的加入有效阻止了镁铝的相互扩散,抑制了硬脆的Mg-Al系金属间化合物的生成,提高了镁铝超声波焊接接头强度,与镁铝超声波焊接相比最大拉伸剪切强度提高了19.6%.     

含Q相高铝水泥水化性能的研究

在实验室内采用化学原料烧制Q相-CA(CaO·Al2O3)-C12A7(12CaO·7Al2O3)高铝水泥,对所烧制的水泥进行水化性能研究.研究结果表明:Q相-CA-C12A7高铝水泥早期强度高,中后期强度仍在发展且不倒缩.XRD和DTA分析表明,其早期水化产物为铝胶、CAHio和C2AH8,中后期为铝胶、CAH1o、C2AH8和C3AH6.     

长时间高温热处理对碳-铝复合材料的影响

本文研究了经长时间(100个时)高温热处理之后碳-铝复合材料的拉伸强度和碳化铝(Al₄C₃)量变化的情况.观察到碳-铝复合材料在495℃长时间热处理其强度降低,在540℃长时间热处理其强度明显下降.碳化铝的数量和强度值在某一温度对在某一时间之后变化趋于平缓.     

燃气轮机隔热板GH22合金的组织和力学性能

采用真空感应熔炼的方法制备GH22母合金,然后真空感应重熔浇注成等轴晶成形试棒,测试其室温拉伸、高温拉伸和持久性能.利用熔模失蜡精密铸造技术生产了重型燃机GH22隔热板铸件,对隔热板不同部位进行了宏观晶粒度、光学金相、扫描电镜及能谱分析.从国产、进口隔热板底板分别取样加工成力学性能试样,进行了室温拉伸、高温拉伸和高温持久性能测试.结果表明:国产GH22母合金的成分和性能满足要求.国产铸件取样试样的宏观晶粒度、室温拉伸、高温拉伸性能与国外铸件相当.国产铸件具有更高的高温持久强度,这主要是由于国产GH22母合金中碳含量更高,合金组织中在枝晶间和晶界处析出更多的碳化物相.     

电弧喷涂Zn/Al伪合金涂层耐蚀性能研究

在钢构件表面,利用热喷涂技术制备锌、铝和锌铝合金涂层可以对基体达到长效保护的目的.采用电弧喷涂装制成功制备出了锌铝伪合金镀层,通过中性盐雾试验、扫描电镜(SEM)等手段研究了其结合强度、耐蚀性能并与纯锌、铝涂层进行了比较分析.结果表明,锌铝伪合金涂层的结合强度和耐蚀性能均优于Zn-15%Al合金涂层.     

Grade 91耐热钢的硬度与持久强度、许用应力和运行/剩余寿命的相关性研究

利用不同硬度Grade 91钢试件的持久强度数据研究该钢硬度与持久强度和最大许用应力的相关性.结果表明,采用系列硬度试件所做确定温度和外力下的持久实验同时存在性能高估和低估现象,将这些数据综合在一起预测/外推钢的持久强度与实际值差距较大,利用由此确定的105 h持久强度计算得到的最大许用应力对应用产生不完全符合实际的影响.同时研究得到Grade 91钢在确定温度下满足最大许用应力的硬度下限的确定方法:对于硬度在201(205)HBW及其以上的Grade 91钢部件,在575(600)℃及其以下温度运行时可满足ASME BPVC 2019版规范对Type 1和Type 2型材料最大许用应力的要求;硬度在204HBW及其以上的Grade 91钢部件在575℃及其以下温度运行时可满足ASME BPVC 2017版规范对壁厚大于75 mm部件最大许用应力的要求.因此,在已有硬度范围规定(ASME BPVC 2017-2019对Grade 91钢:190～250HBW)的情况下,下调最大许用应力的ASME BPVC 2019新规范给现有硬度范围下限的实施带来一定困难,即满足该硬度下限要求却不能满足最大许用应力要求.为解决这一问题未来有必要上调硬度下限值.此外,研究了Grade 91钢运行/剩余寿命评估算法中利用短时实验数据外延105 h持久强度的函数优化.结果表明,现用算法采用幂函数拟合存在性能高估现象,若采用对数函数将不同硬度试件的持久数据分开拟合则可明显提高与实验数据的吻合性;在此基础上研究所得已知运行条件下部件厚度-硬度-运行/剩余寿命的关系将安全性评估的技术参数融为一体,可体现该方法的适用性、可靠性和直观性.以上研究结果可供相关标准修订和工业实际应用参考.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.