基于AR模型的自适应浮动门限检测方法

混响是水下目标回波信号检测的主要背景干扰;基于AR模型的预白化匹配滤波检测方法,往往由于混响AR模型定阶困难,无法对混响准确建模;这将会导致预白化效果不佳,检测性能下降;针对这一问题,在预白化匹配滤波的基础上,提出了一种基于AR模型预白化匹配滤波的自适应浮动门限检测方法;给出了浮动门限经验公式,并对实测数据进行处理;处理结果表明,所提出的基于AR模型预白化匹配滤波的自适应浮动门限检测方法能使检测门限很好地跟随信号的变化趋势,提高检测概率,保持恒虚警检测.     

一种自适应的双门限场面运动目标检测方法

为了有效解决在复杂环境下机场场面运动目标的精确检测问题,提出了一种自适应的双门限场面运动目标检测方法.首先采用混合高斯背景模型的方法来提取背景图像,然后使用两个门限值对差分图像进行前景目标分割,低门限阈值用于粗分割以检测出较明显的运动目标,在粗分割的基础上再用高门限阈值进行细分割以去除噪声目标和伪目标,最终得到场面运动目标的准确检测和分割结果.在复杂条件下的场景进行的实验,验证了该方法具有良好的噪声抑制能力和对慢目标良好的鲁棒性,同时能有效地分割出前景目标.     

一种基于强散射中心的距离扩展目标检测方法

针对高分辨率雷达距离扩展目标检测问题,利用广义似然比检验,提出了一种基于强散射中心的恒虚警检测器.首先,以较高的第一虚警概率设置第一门限,提取强散射中心,然后针对强散射中心采用广义似然比方法得到检测统计量,并与基于第二虚警概率的检测门限进行比较,判断目标有无.仿真实验表明,这种检测器在已知和未知散射中心空域分布时都要优于SDD-GLRT(Spatial scattering density-generalized likelihood ratio test)检测器,并且具有鲁棒性.     

基于双门限梯度模式的图像文字检测方法

对复杂自然背景下的图像文字检测技术进行了研究,提出了一种基于双门限梯度模式的图像文字检测方法。首先,在文字粗检测阶段中,该方法抽取了最大极值稳定区域(Maximally Stable Extremal Regions,MSER)作为候选文字区域,避免了对整幅图像进行扫描,极大地提高了检测速度和实时性;其次,在文字精检测阶段的特征提取部分,为了克服文字区域颜色对比反转问题和自然图像 的噪声干扰问题,提出了一种双门限梯度模式特征来描述文字区域的纹理特征;最后,在文字精检测的检测器设计中,利用极限学习机构造新的级联型ELM(Extreme Learning Machine)检测器,极大地缩短了分类器的训练时间。实验结果表明,该方法不仅具有优良的检测性能,而且能极大地缩短分类器训练时间和检测时间。     

基于特征值极限分布的双门限DMM频谱感知算法

采用随机矩阵特征结构理论,分析并研究多认知用户采样协方差矩阵的特征极限值分布,提出一种基于最大最小特征值之差(DMM)的双门限频谱感知算法。根据最大与最小特征极限值分布推导检测双门限,对双门限内外部分分别采用软判决与硬判决综合得到最终判决结果。利用特征值噪声估计实现检测门限的自适应,克服噪声不确定性对频谱感知的影响。仿真结果表明,在低信噪比、虚警率和采样频率的情况下,该算法检测性能优于DMM算法与能量检测算法,且稳定性好、鲁棒性强。     

基于改进VI-CFAR的模糊距离扩展目标检测算法

为了提高主动声呐在高斯背景下对距离扩展目标的检测能力,本文提出了一种新的恒虚警(CFAR)检测方法。该方法首先利用最小选择无偏最小方差和单元平均(UMCASO)方法对可变指数恒虚警(VI-CFAR)进行改进,得到改进VI-CFAR方法,再将其用于对距离扩展目标检测的第一门限处理中,同时第二门限处理使用模糊积累方法。仿真结果表明,该方法在均匀背景下只有较小的CFAR损失,而在多目标干扰下相比传统方法有更强的鲁棒性,对抗多目标干扰性能优越。对于起伏目标模型,模糊代数积积累准则性能优于模糊代数和积累准则。在不同的背景下,选用与之相适应的积累准则,可获得较为理想的检测性能。     

基于小波去噪的联合频谱感知优化算法

传统的能量检测算法由于受到噪声不确定性的影响,在信噪比较低时检测精度差,理论上较优的循环平稳特征频谱感知算法的计算复杂度偏高。因此,在传统能量检测算法基础上结合小波阈值去噪和差分能量检测模型,提出一种优化的双门限联合检测算法。使用能量检测法来判断双门限区间之外的区域,双门限阈值内的不确定性区域使用小波阈值去噪重构后做差分能量检测,并根据信道实时状态动态地调整双阈值。当信道质量较差时,增大双门限之间的距离,否则缩短双门限之间的距离,从而提高频谱检测效率。通过仿真对比得知,该算法有效地提高了噪声不确定性影响下频谱感知的准确性,并且降低了感知算法的计算复杂度。     

基于不同背景噪声的联合检测技术

提出一种简单、实用的联合检测技术,将经典的基于能量和过零率的双门限法与基于小波变换的子带能量法巧妙地结合起来进行语音信号的端点检测,充分利用双门限法算法简单、实时性好、准确率高,小波子带能量对高斯白噪声区分性能强的特性。仿真结果表明新算法能提高检测系统在噪声环境下端点检测的准确率。     

改进的能量谱熵端点检测算法

为了提高传统谱熵算法在信噪比较低环境下的端点检测效果,将短时能量特征与谱熵特征相结合,提出一种改进的能量谱熵特征,将模糊C均值聚类算法和贝叶斯信息准则结合对改进的能量谱熵特征门限进行估计,最后采用双门限算法进行端点检测.仿真实验结果表明,在信噪比为-5 dB的白噪声环境下,改进的能量谱熵算法的端点检测正确率为76.9％,远高于短时能量算法和谱熵算法,在低信噪比环境下具有更优的端点检测效果与稳健性.     

噪声评估在端点检测中的应用

端点检测是语音识别中非常重要的部分,其准确性直接影响语音识别系统的识别率。传统端点检测方法预设经验门限对语音的短时特征进行判决,因为预设门限难以适应不同环境,其准确度和噪声鲁棒性较差。为了改善上述缺点,提出噪声评估的概念,对环境噪声的短时能量与短时过零率等短时特征进行分析,得到了更能表征环境噪声的门限。噪声评估结合传统的双门限法用于端点检测过程,解决了经验门限对不同环境适应性不强的问题。实验表明,噪声评估增加了端点检测的准确度和噪声鲁棒性。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.