小麦碰撞声信号时域建模与分类

分析小麦碰撞声信号,可识别受损小麦。提取三类小麦碰撞声信号,分析小麦碰撞声的时域特征,建立合适的拟合模型,并提取残差平方和、判定系数、峰值振幅等六个时域特征;最后利用BP神经网络进行分类,发现小麦完好粒、虫害粒及霉变粒碰撞声信号的时域特征存在差异,并取得了较好的识别率。应用结果表明选用适当的数学模型能够较好地拟合小麦碰撞声信号,实现区分受损小麦颗粒与完好小麦颗粒。     

基于双谱和支持向量机的小麦碰撞声分类研究

为实现小麦颗粒的自动分类,采用双谱和支持向量机相结合方法对小麦完好粒、虫蛀粒和霉变粒的碰撞声进行分类识别。对碰撞声信号进行双谱估计,提取信号双谱峰值和对角切片谱两部分特征,用支持向量机分类器进行分类,对完好粒、虫蛀粒和霉变粒3种小麦颗粒识别正确率均达84%以上。实验结果表明,该研究具有较强的实际应用价值,为小麦颗粒的分类提供了新的方法和依据。     

基于HHT的小麦碰撞声信号识别研究

采用希尔伯特-黄变换方法分析了小麦完好粒、虫害粒和霉变粒的碰撞声信号,提取了3种类型的声信号在频域的5个特征量,使用BP神经网络进行分类,得到较好的识别结果。实验结果表明,不同类型小麦碰撞声信号在频域存在较大差异,此项研究为实现小麦颗粒的自动识别提供了可行方法。     

HHT方法用于小麦虫害粒的检测

小麦在储藏阶段由于各种灾害导致损失巨大,并降低了面粉质量,及时检测并分离小麦的受损颗粒迫在眉睫.论文以提取两类小麦碰撞声信号为基础,使用希尔伯特-黄变换方法对小麦完好粒和虫害粒的碰撞声信号提取有效特征,最后利用BP神经网络进行分类,对于两类小麦类型的识别取得了较好的识别率.应用结果该方法能够较好地实现区分小麦虫害粒与完好粒.     

人工蜂群算法优化支持向量机的分类研究

为了提高支持向量机分类准确率,采用人工蜂群算法对支持向量机参数进行优化,并将该优化方法应用于小麦完好粒、霉变粒和发芽粒三类麦粒的识别。使用小波变换分解信号能量作为特征向量,以分类错误率的倒数作为适应度函数,利用人工蜂群算法对支持向量机的惩罚因子和核函数宽度参数进行优化,优化SVM方法对小麦完好粒、霉变粒和发芽粒的分类正确率达到86%以上。实验结果表明,该研究有较强的实用价值,为SVM性能优化提供了一种新的方法。     

融合双重注意力机制的戴口罩人脸识别方法

针对现有人脸识别模型无法从戴口罩人脸中有效提取区域特征问题，提出融合双重注意力机制的戴口罩人脸识别模型。首先将自建的戴口罩人脸图像作为输入数据，以ResNet50为基准网络，向残差块中引入协调注意力与分割注意力机制。其中协调注意力用于减少口罩区域特征提取，降低口罩区域特征干扰；分割注意力用于细粒度提取非口罩区域特征，从关键部位提取更多特征。然后使用ArcFace分类函数优化分类边界，再结合交叉熵损失函数作为约束，实现戴口罩人脸精细识别。实验结果表明，本文模型在测试集取得95.2%的识别准确率，与ResNet50、AttentionNet模型相比，识别准确率分别提高1个百分点、1.5个百分点。     

基于差分孪生卷积神经网络的大规模不平衡数据分类算法

传统基于支持向量机的不平衡数据分类算法包含矩阵运算,无法应用于大规模的不平衡数据集。针对这种情况,提出基于差分孪生卷积神经网络的大规模不平衡数据分类算法。设计差分卷积机制增强卷积神经网络的深度结构表示能力,在不改变滤波器数量的情况下提高模型的判别能力。通过差分孪生卷积神经网络分别优化每个类的特征图,每个类关联多个超平面,根据输入样本与超平面的距离决定输出样本的类标签。基于多组不平衡数据集的实验结果表明,该算法实现了较好的分类性能。     

奇异值分解和稀疏自编码器的轴承故障诊断

针对滚动轴承故障特征提取和分类需要进行有监督训练才能实现等问题,提出了一种基于奇异值分解（SVD）和时域统计特征分析并结合堆栈稀疏自编码器（SAE）以及Softmax分类器实现滚动轴承故障诊断方法。该方法利用Hankle矩阵对原始数据进行矩阵重构,利用奇异值分解和时域分析对重构后的故障信号进行特征预提取,融合两种特征并输入到堆栈稀疏自编码器中进行特征优化,将优化后的特征输入到Softmax分类器中进行分类识别。实验结果表明,3种工况下10类故障数据的识别准确率均在96%左右,且高于文中其他方法,因此该方法能有效地进行滚动轴承复杂信号的特征预处理以及分类。     

基于Hu不变矩特征优化的人体运动姿态识别算法

人体的运动过程较为复杂,图像中的相似动作很多,对传统的特征识别形成干扰,造成识别准确性不高。为了提高其识别正确率,提出一种Hu不变矩和人工鱼群优化支持向量机的人体运动姿态识别模型(Hu-AFSA-SVM)。首先,以二维连续图像为基础,提取图像中人体运动姿态识别的7个Hu不变矩,然后将其输入到SVM中进行训练,并采用AFSA对SVM参数进行优化,通过寻找一个最优超平面,尽可能在满足分类的限制条件下,将所有人体运动姿态分类数据集中的类别分开,在克服干扰下,完成识别。最后对其进行仿真实验。仿真结果表明,相对于其它识别模型,Hu-AFSA-SVM提高了人体运动姿态识别正确率,同时加快了识别速度,是一种有效的人体运动姿态识别方法。     

基于支持向量机的电路故障诊断模型

提出了一种基于遗传编程和支持向量机的故障诊断模型。通过遗传编程对时域指标进行特征选择和提取,得到更能反映信号本质的特征信号,该特征信号可作为识别特征输入多类支持向量机,实现对模拟电路不同类型软故障的识别。实验结果表明,同传统时域指标相比,经过遗传选择和提取的特征对模拟电路的软故障具有更好的识别能力,进而提高了多类支持向量机的分类准确性。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.