Coaxial Waveguide Based Left-Handed Transmission Line

In this letter, a new realization of left-handed transmission line (LHTL) is presented; the proposed structure is realized by periodically loading the coaxial waveguide with gaps in the inner conductor and wires between the inner and outer conductors, the gaps and wires act as series capacitors and shunt inductors. The dispersion characteristic of this new LHTL is analyzed by means of high frequency structure simulator (HFSS) eigenmode simulation and microwave network theory, which exhibits LH behavior over a 60% bandwidth. A backward wave behavior is unambiguously demonstrated from HFSS driven modal simulation. The phase front is observed to be in the opposite direction with respect to the energy one for a finite nine-unit cell prototype.     

左手传输线研究

本文从工程设计的角度出发,在已经提出的几种左手传输线的基础上,对左手传输线进行了进一步的仿真研究,获得了有利于设计的一些规律.在此基础上,提出了一种变长交指电容的优化方法,将此方法应用到左手传输线的设计中,可以大大减少设计的优化工作量,并且从仿真结果的比较中可以看到该方法能够显著改善左手传输线的通带宽度.     

A K-Band CMOS Voltage Controlled Delay Line Based on an Artificial Left-Handed Transmission Line

A K-band voltage controlled delay line based on a left-handed transmission line (LHTL) with cascaded metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) varactors and shunt inductors using CMOS technology is demonstrated for the first time. A variable time delay can be obtained by changing the capacitance of MOS varactors without any power consumption. The figure of merit is 10.9 $^{circ}$/dB at 18 GHz. This result is better than other variable LHTL in similar frequency band. A time delay ranging from 56.8 ps to 76.4 ps is achieved at 18 GHz. It allows about 30 times longer time delay than that of a traditional right-handed one with the same length. The chip size, including the pads, is 410 $mu{rm m}times,$640 $mu{rm m}$.      

基于复合左右手传输线的超宽带滤波器设计

本文基于复合左右手传输线理论提出了一种设计超宽带滤波器的新方法。该方法从传输的幅度和相位出发,利用微带线结构构建复合左右手传输线,通过控制复合传输线的左手响应频率和右手响应频率来构建微波带通结构。通过在微带线上采用缺陷地板结构物理上实现负等效介电常数,得到低通特性;采用微带线加载交指电容实现负等效磁导率,得到高通特性。最终通过将两种情况组合,构建具有较强左手特性和较弱右手特性的复合传输线,完成基于微带线结构的超宽带滤波器设计。文中给出的仿真结果和实测结果吻合良好,有利的证明了该方法的有效性和实用性。     

Microstrip Coupled Line Composite Right/Left-Handed Unit Cell

This letter presents a new composite right/left-handed (CRLH) unit cell, which takes advantage of the microstrip coupled line even and odd modes. The new cell does not require vias, it is patterned on a single metal layer, and it has a geometrical circuit model that simplifies the design flow. A novel CRLH transmission line is also proposed. It does not have a cutoff frequency, the operating bandwidth extends from dc to 4 GHz, and it is balanced at the first and second transition frequencies between right- and left-handed bands. The theoretical expectations have been confirmed by EM simulations and measurements.      

基于左右手传输线的小型天线设计

基于复合左右手传输线技术研究设计超小型的天线,通过对复合左右手传输线结构的适当调整获得一个零阶谐振天线,此时天线的工作频率不再依赖于天线的几何尺寸,而只与构成左手传输线的电感与电容相关,从而可大大降低天线的几何尺寸。文中基于复合左右手传输线设计了一款小型天线,使其可以工作在ISM频段,能够满足无线局域网(2.4~2.4835GHz)的要求。     

一种基于同轴波导的异向传输线

该文提出了一种基于同轴波导的新型异向传输线,与现有基于微带电路的异向传输线相比,这种结构有更高的工作频率、损耗较低和更大的功率容量;与基于同轴波导和矩形波导的异向传输线相比,其结构更简单容易实现。等效电路与有限元仿真的结果均表明这种结构在特定的频段表现出明显的异向特性。     

基于复合左右手传输线小型化功分器的设计

传统的一分多路功分器的隔离网络占用的尺寸较大.根据复合左右手传输线的双曲-线性色散关系可以设计出零相移复合左右手传输线,利用这种传输线来改进传统功分器的隔离网络,可以有效减小整个功分器的尺寸.采用零相移复合左右手传输线来改进三等分功分器的隔离网络,整个功分器的面积比传统的减小了70%,实验结果证明了设计方法的正确性.     

Dual Composite Right/Left-Handed (D-CRLH) Transmission Line Metamaterial

The novel concept of dual composite right/left-handed (D-CRLH) transmission line metamaterial is introduced. The D-CRLH is the "dual" of the conventional CRLH in the sense that it has a series parallel (instead of series) LC tank and a shunt series (instead of parallel) LC tank. This topological duality results in dual properties. The D-CRLH indeed exhibits its left-handed (LH) band at high frequencies and its right-handed (RH) band at low frequencies and is of stop-band nature, in opposition to the CRLH which is low-frequency-LH/high-frequency-RH and pass-band. The so-called balanced condition is still valid in the D-CRLH for broadband matching. However, phase origin is at dc and infinity instead, as at the LH-RH transition, and the gap between the RH and LH bands cannot be closed up in practical implementations. In contrast, the D-CRLH provides an unlimited LH bandwidth. This letter presents the homogeneous and LC-network transmission parameters and the fundamental dispersion/impedance properties of the D-CRLH     

Composite Right/Left-Handed Transmission Line With Wire Bonded Interdigital Capacitor

An enhanced composite right/left-handed (CRLH) transmission line (TL) is presented in this letter. This TL, designed in microstrip technology, is implemented by means of a new improved interdigital capacitor (IDC), the so-called wire bonded IDC (WBIDC). The use of the WBIDC broadens the frequency band where the CRLH TL can be considered as a TL. A conventional 70-Omega CRLH TL (using IDCs) has been compared, by full-wave simulation and measurements, with its enhanced counterpart (using WBIDCs). In addition, this enhanced CRLH TL has been used to design a CRLH diplexer which presents several advantages over standard CRLH coupled lines (using IDCs). The diplexer response has been verified by means of a full-wave electromagnetic solver     

Low Spurious, Broadband Frequency Translator Using Left-Handed Nonlinear Transmission Line

In this letter, we present a frequency translator based on a left-handed nonlinear transmission line (LH NLTL). The proposed LH NLTL can achieve a very linear phase variation as a function of applied dc bias for a broadband frequency that facilitates a low spurious, broadband frequency translation. Our experiment demonstrates that the LH NLTL enables frequency shift with 30 dB maximum spurious suppression. For any frequency between 3 and 3.8 GHz, it was possible to achieve 100 KHz-1 MHz frequency shift while the range of spurious suppression is between 21 and 30 dB. Because of its compactness and possibility of low-cost monolithic fabrication, this circuit will be very useful for microwave instrumentation, or a coherent communication system where single sideband modulation is required.     

A Compact Slot Antenna Utilizing a Right/Left-Handed Transmission Line Feed

A novel compact planar antenna utilizing cascaded right/left-handed transmission lines is proposed. The significance of layout planning with respect to radiation is investigated and discussed in this paper. Two segments of transmission lines of the same electrical length with opposite signs are cascaded to provide zero phase at the operation frequency. The closed-form formulas for the equivalent circuit of a transmission line are used for circuit design. Both antenna layout and radiation mechanism are discussed. For experimental demonstration, the proposed antenna operating at 2.45 GHz was implemented on an FR4 substrate. The topology using several patches has quite smaller size than the conventional patch antenna. Besides, a fairly omnidirectional radiation pattern was measured.     

基于路的方法导出耦合微带线的传输方程

在研究传输线时,当传输线的几何尺寸l与工作频率所对应的波长λ可相比拟时,传输线就要用分布参数电路来讨论,在研究分布参数电路时,可以应用电磁场理论,也可以采用电路理论,采用后者,用等效的方法将耦合微带传输线等效为分布参数电路模型,然后用基尔霍夫定律求出其传输线方程。     

Parallel Coupled Bandstop Filter Using Double Negative Coupled Transmission Line

In this letter, a novel parallel coupled bandstop filter (BSF) using a double negative (DNG) coupled transmission line is presented. Between microstrip as a double positive (DPS) transmission line and mushroom structure as a DNG transmission line, strong coupling broadly arises in the cross range of dispersion curves of isolated microstrip and mushroom structure because of a complex propagation constant in the cross range. Strong coupling inhibits wave propagation, so that this kind of structure can be utilized as a BSF. This BSF utilizes coupled transmission line instead of coupled resonator, resulting in broad bandwidth (>30%), sharp-rejection, and high rejection level. The strong coupling between the DPS and DNG transmission line makes it possible to shorten the coupling length, resulting in compact size     

Coupled Nonuniform Transmission Line and Its Applications

Theory and applications of coupled nonuniform transmission lines are described. Matrix representations of a general coupled nonuniform transmission line are presented, by means of which the behavior of any coupled nonuniform transmission line maybe completely described. Among a wide variety of applications of coupled nonuniform transmission lines, two typical networks, one the coupled nonuniform transmission-line folded all-pass network and the other the coupled nonuniform transmission-line directional coupler, are treated in detail. Equivalent circuit representatious of these two networks are presented, which enable the designer to synthesize them in a greatly simplified manner by making use of the theories now available for more conventional single nonuniform transmission lines. In addition, the properties of these two networks using coupled exponential line are investigated. Design procedure is also given for asymmetrical coupled exponential-line directional couplers having excellent characteristics.     

Switchable Composite Right/Left-Handed (S-CRLH) Transmission Line Using MEMS Switches

This letter presents a novel switchable composite right/left-handed (S-CRLH) metamaterial transmission line (TL) using MEMS switches. The proposed TL is based on a general CRLH TL with switchable capacitors and switchable shunt inductive stubs. The LH mode of the S-CRLH TL ranges from 7.5 GHz to 10.4 GHz. In these frequencies, the S-CRLH TL is able to switch from a negative phase response (phase lag) to a positive phase response (phase lead), or vice versa. This phase modulation can be obtained through a voltage, due to the use of MEMS switches. The size of the fabricated S-CRLH TL, including bias networks, is $4941 mu{rm m}times 2076 mu{rm m}$ and is compact thanks to the LH mode.      

多通带复合左右手传输线的设计与仿真

提出一种具有两组复合左右手通带的平面传输线结构.与传统左手微带线相比,本结构利用连有金属折线的矩形贴片和接地板上T形DGS(defected ground structures)结构形成一组新的左手通带和右手通带.为了使左右手通带间禁带闭合,用梯形贴片及接地板上交趾DGS结构代替上述结构,最终实现具有两个零级谐振频率点的平面传输线.结构的仿真结果与利用等效电路和Bloch-Floquet原理得到的理论结果及测量结构都符合较好.这种新颖的具有多通带的复合左右手传输线可应用于多通带微波器件设计.     

Coupled Strip Transmission Line with Three Center Conductors

An exact analysis is made for the shielded coupled strip transmission line with three center conductors. By means of the immittance matrices presented, the electrical behavior of the coupled strip transmission line of this type may be completely described. Design formulas which enable one to evaluate the cross-section dimensions from the desired values of characteristic immittances are derived for the two kinds of the line configurations. Equivalent circuits of the two-port networks for various port conditions are also presented. In addition, an application is discussed involving the asymmetrical coupled strip transmission line with two center conductors. The appendix gives the derivation of the design formulas by means of conformal mapping techniques.     

基于复合左右手传输线的LTCC滤波器设计*

基于Caloz等人提出的复合左右手传输线结构,结合低温陶瓷共烧技术(LTCC)工艺特点,通过三维交指电容和接地带状线结构实现了多层复合左右手传输线(ML CRLH TL)谐振器。该结构将平面的交指电容转移到Z方向上,有效地减小了谐振器的尺寸。通过对谐振器结构特性的研究和分析,总结出各参量变化对中心频率、带宽及带内波纹的影响。在此基础上设计出了平面尺寸仅为2.4mm×1.0mm的可用于WALN的高性能ML CRLHTL带通滤波器。     

基于复合左右手传输线结构的多频高效功放

提出一种多频高效功率放大器的设计方法。采用源牵引和负载牵引确定最佳源阻抗和负载阻抗,使用复合左右手传输线实现多频匹配并抑制二次谐波。仿真结果表明,放大器在0.9GHz、1.4GHz、2.1GHz三个频点均可输出10W功率,增益为13dB,且具有60%以上的工作效率。