化学浴沉积法在氧化锌衬底上制备氧化锌微/纳米棒阵列

用磁控溅射在玻璃上制备一层氧化锌作为衬底,采用化学浴沉积法在衬底上制备出排列整齐的氧化锌微/纳米棒阵列,并用扫描电子显微镜对样品形貌进行了表征。分析了不同前驱液浓度、pH值对样品形貌的影响。分析发现:前驱物浓度越大,长出的氧化锌微/纳米棒直径越大;溶液初始pH值对样品的形貌有很大影响;在合适的pH值环境下,氧化锌微/纳米棒生长速度明显快于其他样品,且对生长条件要求不高,非常适合用于氧化锌微/纳米棒大面积制备,笔者采用此方法制备出形貌均匀的,面积达15cm×15cm的氧化锌微/纳米棒。     

化学浴沉积硫化铅薄膜及其晶体结构

采用化学浴沉积法(CBD)在玻璃衬底上制备了PbS薄膜,探究了沉积时间(20～100 min)对其厚度、微观形貌、晶体结构和禁带宽度的影响.结果表明,化学浴沉积所得的PbS薄膜均匀、致密,呈镜面光亮的黑色.随着沉积时间的延长,PbS薄膜厚度先快速后缓慢增大,微观形貌逐渐由片状结构转变为立方体结构,择优生长取向从(200)转变为(220),禁带宽度先减小后增大.沉积60 min所得PbS薄膜的厚度约为853 nm,以(220)晶面为生长取向,禁带宽度为0.205 eV,光学性能最佳.     

化学浴沉积制备防污自洁型PVDF/PMMA共混膜研

使用NaOH溶液亲水改性聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)共混膜,在共混膜表面化学浴沉积烷基氯硅烷,构筑微纳米结构,制备出具有超疏水能力的PVDF/PMMA共混膜,对共混膜的微观结构和性能进行了表征。结果表明,亲水改性提升了PVDF/PMMA共混膜表面烷基氯硅烷的化学浴沉积效果;亲水改性的最佳工艺条件为：NaOH的浓度为40 %、反应时间为60 min、反应温度为70 ℃;化学沉积后的PVDF/PMMA共混膜接触角高达154.6 °;集灰实验表明,倾斜角度约为1 °时水滴能将膜表面的灰尘带走,膜的防污自洁性能优良。     

化学气相沉积法合成纳米碳管阵列研究

研究以环己烷为前驱体采用化学气相沉积法制备纳米碳管阵列。将催化剂二茂铁定量溶解在环己烷中，通过载气夹带进入反应器中，采用化学气相沉积方法定向生长出炭纳米管阵列，此法有效地控制反应体系中的催化剂含量，使生产稳定性及重现性较好。并通过透射电子显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、拉曼光谱及X射线衍射对产品形态和结构进行分析和表征，所制备出的纳米碳管阵列形态比较规整，纯度较高，具有较好的石墨微晶结构；并对纳米碳管的生长机理进行了详细讨论。     

室温固相法制备氧化锌纳米棒

以硝酸锌为原料,与氢氧化钠进行固相反应制得前驱物,再与氯化钾以不同比例混合,高温条件下使纳米粒子重新生长,得到氧化物纳米棒。研究表明,纳米棒在生长过程中的主要影响因素是阴离子类型和摩尔比。     

微乳液法制备纳米氧化锌粒子

采用微乳液法制备了纳米ZnO粒子,探讨了影响纳米ZnO粒子生成的因素.结果表明,最佳工艺条件为主表面活性剂与助表面活性剂之比为3:1、煅烧温度600℃、煅烧时间3 h.并用红外光谱、透射电子显微镜(TEM)等对产物进行了表征,所制备的纳米ZnO粒子粒径为20nm左右,形貌为球型或类球型.     

氧化锌纳米线的制备及其应用研究

氧化锌纳米线是一种性能优异的新型功能材料,应用前景广阔。综述了氧化锌纳米线的常用制备方法,如化学气相法、电化学法、溶胶-凝胶法和溶液法,以及近年来新的应用领域和研究前沿。     

化学浴沉积法制备氢氧化镍及其催化过一硫酸盐降解亚甲基蓝

采用简单的化学浴沉积法（CBD）制备出水合氢氧化镍[Ni（OH）₂·0.75H₂O]粉体。该粉体具有微/纳构造特征,整体呈现出无规则微米级颗粒状形貌,由纳米片自组装而成。考察了水合氢氧化镍作为催化剂活化单过硫酸氢钾（PMS）降解亚甲基蓝（MB）溶液的性能。结果表明,Ni（OH）₂·0.75H₂O/PMS 复合体系具有良好的降解MB溶液的能力,其对MB的降解率可达84.33%;而相同条件下Ni（OH）₂·0.75H₂O或PMS单一体系对MB的降解率仅为9.46%和21.19%。MB 溶液的降解率随反应体系中PMS用量的增加而提高,随MB初始浓度的增加而降低,随催化剂用量的增加先增加而后维持不变。Ni（OH）₂/PMS体系中引入C₂O₄^2-或PO₄^3-阴离子会抑制MB溶液的降解,抑制率分别为65.77%和16.44%,但NO₃^-的引入对MB的降解无抑制。自由基俘获结果证实,·SO₄^-是参与直接氧化降解MB的主要活性中间体;动力学分析表明氢氧化镍催化活化PMS降解MB溶液的反应为二级反应,其表观反应速率常数k=5.39 L/（mmol·min）。     

化学沉积法制备高分子复合导电微球

研究了聚苯乙烯微球表面化学沉积铜的速度及其影响因素,确定了最佳工艺参数。ＳＥＭ分析表明,本工艺制得的微球表面铜沉层厚度均匀,与基体间结合牢固,微球本身具有很好的导电性。     

均匀沉淀法制备纳米ZnO反应体系pH值的控制计算

尿素的水解产物能与ZnO的中间产物生成络合物,以尿素为沉淀剂均匀沉淀法制备纳米ZnO反应过程的pH值必须严格控制。根据同时平衡原理和质量平衡原理对Zn-NH3-H2O体系进行热力学分析和计算,并在此基础上绘制了Zn-NH3-H2O锌的平衡总浓度对数-pH图,研究了沉淀物的稳定存在区,为均匀沉淀法制备纳米ZnO提供了重要的理论参数。     

Hydrothermally Grown ZnO Micro/Nanotube Arrays and Their Properties

We reported the optical and wettability properties of aligned zinc oxide micro/nanotube arrays, which were synthesized on zinc foil via a simple hydrothermal method. As-synthesized ZnO micro/nanotubes have uniform growth directions along the [0001] orientations with diameters in the range of 100–700 nm. These micro/nanotubes showed a strong emission peak at 387 nm and two weak emission peaks at 422 and 485 nm, respectively, and have the hydrophobic properties with a contact angle of 121°. Single ZnO micro/nanotube-based field-effect transistor was also fabricated, which shows typical n-type semiconducting behavior.     

Selective Growth of Vertical-aligned ZnO Nanorod Arrays on Si Substrate by Catalyst-free Thermal Evaporation

By thermal evaporation of pure ZnO powders, high-density vertical-aligned ZnO nanorod arrays with diameter ranged in 80–250 nm were successfully synthesized on Si substrates covered with ZnO seed layers. It was revealed that the morphology, orientation, crystal, and optical quality of the ZnO nanorod arrays highly depend on the crystal quality of ZnO seed layers, which was confirmed by the characterizations of field-emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and photoluminescence measurements. For ZnO seed layer with wurtzite structure, the ZnO nanorods grew exactly normal to the substrate with perfect wurtzite structure, strong near-band-edge emission, and neglectable deep-level emission. The nanorods synthesized on the polycrystalline ZnO seed layer presented random orientation, wide diameter, and weak deep-level emission. This article provides a C-free and Au-free method for large-scale synthesis of vertical-aligned ZnO nanorod arrays by controlling the crystal quality of the seed layer.     

苝染料杂化氧化锌薄膜的电沉积制备与表征

用含氯化锌(ZnCl2)和苝染料的二甲基亚砜溶液做电解液，可在ITO(氧化铟锡)导电玻璃上电化学沉积有机-无机杂化薄膜．薄膜的粒径尺寸约为300nm，杂化染料后的氧化锌(ZnO)薄膜的紫外可见吸收光谱相比纯ZnO薄膜明显宽泛而且偏向可见光部分．实验证明了染料敏化法提高ZnO薄膜光吸收能力的可行性．     

晶种辅助化学水浴合成Al掺杂ZnO纳米棒阵列

采用直流磁控溅射法在玻璃基底上制备c轴取向的ZnO薄膜,以此作为晶种层,在硝酸锌(Zn(NO3)2.6H2O)与六亚甲基四胺(C6H12N4)等摩尔浓度反应溶液中添加不同摩尔分数的硝酸铝(Al(NO3)3.9H2O),用化学水浴法合成Al掺杂ZnO(ZAO)纳米棒阵列。X射线衍射结果表明,少量的Al掺杂并不影响ZnO晶体结构,ZAO具有六方纤锌矿型结构。利用扫描电子显微镜、荧光分光光度计、四探针测试仪研究了溶液中Zn源的初始浓度和Al的掺杂量对ZAO纳米形貌、结构和光电性能的影响。结果表明,Al掺杂提高了ZAO薄膜的导电性,当前驱体溶液中Zn源的初始浓度为0.03 mol/L时,制备的掺2%Al的ZAO薄膜沿c轴生长且结晶性好,具有电阻率小和最好的光致发光性能。     

Effects of Growth Conditions on Structural Properties of ZnO Nanostructures on Sapphire Substrate by Metal–Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition

ZnO was grown on sapphire substrate by metal–organic chemical vapor deposition using the diethylzinc (DEZn) and oxygen (O₂) as source chemicals at 500 °C. Influences of the chamber pressure and O₂/DEZn ratio on the ZnO structural properties were discussed. It was found that the chamber pressure has significant effects on the morphology of ZnO and could result in various structures of ZnO including pyramid-like, worm-like, and columnar grain. When the chamber pressure was kept at 10 Torr, the lowest full width at half-maximum of ZnO (002) of 175 arc second can be obtained. On the other hand, by lowering the DEZn flow rate, the crystal quality of ZnO can be improved. Under high DEZn flow rate, the ZnO nanowall-network structures were found to grow vertically on the sapphire substrate without using any metal catalysts. It suggests that higher DEZn flow rate promotes three-dimensional growth mode resulting in increased surface roughness. Therefore, some tip on the ZnO surface could act as nucleation site. In this work, the growth process of our ZnO nanowall networks is said to follow the self-catalyzed growth mechanism under high-DEZn flow rate.     

Fabrication of a Highly Sensitive Chemical Sensor Based on ZnO Nanorod Arrays

We report a novel method for fabricating a highly sensitive chemical sensor based on a ZnO nanorod array that is epitaxially grown on a Pt-coated Si substrate, with a top–top electrode configuration. To practically test the device, its O₂ and NO₂ sensing properties were investigated. The gas sensing properties of this type of device suggest that the approach is promising for the fabrication of sensitive and reliable nanorod chemical sensors.     

La—Mg—Ni系贮氢合金／ZnO催化剂CVD法制备碳纳米管

贮氢合金催化生长碳纳米管是当今研究的一个热点。我们采用溶胶一凝胶法合成I五一Mg—Ni系贮氢合金／ZnO催化剂,在化学气相沉积法下催化裂解丙烯生长碳纳米管。实验结果表明,随着还原温度和长碳温度的不断降低,La—Mg—Ni系贮氢合金／ZnO催化剂催化生长的碳纳米管产量先增大再减小,呈正态分布,其中在650—600℃条件下可得到产量较高且管径较大的碳纳米管。     

热蒸发法制备ZnO微／纳米材料的光催化性能研究

采用简单的热蒸发法,调控温度与催化剂制备了ZnO微／纳米材料,通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和X-射线衍射（xRD）对产物的结构和形貌进行了表征,并以甲基橙溶液为光催化反应模型降解物,考察了样品的光催化活性。结果显示,ZnO微／纳米材料为六角纤锌矿结构,Ni（NO3）2催化剂的存在对不同温度下生成的ZnO光催化效率有较显著影响。