基于Harris角点量与相位相关的亚像素级图像配准方法*

相位相关法是一种常用的图像配准方法,而直接基于傅里叶变换的快速图像配准方法（ＦＤＦＡ）使之具有亚像素级的配准精度,它需要根据图像内容细心选择参与相位拟合的频率分量,并在图像上施加窗口以抑制频域的图像边界效应,从而提高其偏移量估计精度。从边界效应抑制的角度出发,利用Harris角点量代替原始图像进行相位相关计算,与传统的对原始图像加窗的方法不同,该方法既抑制了边界效应,又避免引入截断误差,同时只用对其第一项频率分量进行拟合,而不需要进行频率项的选择,使相位拟合过程更简单。提取图像的Harris角点并选择其中     

基于相位相关法的SAR图像配准

图像配准是INSAR技术中关键的一环.可见光图像配准中的相位相关法,因为对噪声具有很高的稳健性,使用相当普遍.针对SAR图像特点,在相位相关法原有基础上,提出几点改进.特别是边缘模糊方面,从信号处理原理角度进行了深入的分析,并且在MATLAB环境下仿真得到验证.通过在原有相位相关法的基础上的几处改进,配准的速度和精度有很大提高,满足了INSAR对两幅SAR图象配准的精度要求,为INSAR下步的相位解缠提供了很好的基础.实验证明了该方法的有效性,可以作为INSAR中关键的一步.     

一种基于权重的相位相关峰值拟合方法

在基于相位相关图像配准方法中,受傅里叶逆变换旁瓣峰值、累积误差的影响,传统相位相关方法常不能稳定、高效地对配准参数进行高精度估计。为此,提出一种基于权重的相位相关峰值拟合方法:构建一个反比例函数,证明其满足Kronecker delta函数平移性质;构建一种基于权重反比例函数的峰值拟合方法,通过三个点实现图像配准参数的高效、高精度估计。实验结果显示,该算法的稳定性、时效性得到有效增强,具有一定的现实意义。     

基于主方向傅里叶变换算子的2D/3D分级配准

目前的2D/3D医学图像配准方法的配准精度和效率存在矛盾,配准捕获范围小.为解决这些问题,本文提出一种基于主方向傅里叶变换算子的分级配准方法.首先,提出平面旋转平移不变性算子——主方向傅里叶变换算子.然后,提出基于主方向傅里叶变换算子的模板匹配初始化方法,可避免接近真值的初值需求,并显著扩大了捕获范围.最后,提出基于主方向傅里叶变换算子的分级配准框架,将配准搜索空间从O(n6)降到O(n2),在保证配准精度的情况下大幅提高配准效率.在配准实验中,本文方法的配准精度为0.68 mm±0.28 mm,配准时间为16.87 s±3.77 s,捕获范围大于100 mm.因此,所提出的基于主方向傅里叶变换算子的分级配准方法可以满足2D/3D图像配准在相关临床应用中精度、效率及捕获范围的需求.     

一种改进的病理显微图像亚像素快速配准方法

针对病理显微图像的快速高精度配准的应用需求,提出了一种改进的亚像素快速配准方法。通过采用对数差值函数对显微图像重叠区域进行信息量评估,由H型对数差值模板配准获取两幅图像像素级的粗定位和有效子图,继而在两幅子图上采用局部上采样相位相关法来获取亚像素级别的配准估计值。该方法利用H型对数差值模板简洁、配准速度快的优点规避了相位相关法计算量随着图像尺寸增大而急剧增长的缺陷,并能够对显微图像进行信息量评估以避免空白图像造成的误配。经实验表明,改进的显微图像配准方法配准精度可达0.01像素,速度为相位相关法的3.7倍（图像大小为2448×2048）,更适合应用于病理显微图像的快速高精度配准。     

动态背景下的运动目标检测

针对动态背景下运动目标检测的问题,最大限度地降低背景对运动目标检测的影响,提出了一种基于相位相关法和傅里叶梅林变换的动态背景下运动目标检测算法。动态背景下运动目标检测的主要部分是背景运动补偿,首先利用相位相关法和傅里叶梅林变换估计全局运动参量,然后根据全局运动参量利用双线性内插法进行背景匹配,最后对配准后的图像利用帧间差分法提取运动目标。实验表明,该算法具有一定的鲁棒性,能有效地检测动态背景下的运动目标。     

动态背景下的运动目标检测

针对动态背景下运动目标检测的问题,最大限度地降低背景对运动目标检测的影响,提出了一种基于相位相关法和傅里叶梅林变换的动态背景下运动目标检测算法.动态背景下运动目标检测的主要部分是背景运动补偿,首先利用相位相关法和傅里叶梅林变换估计全局运动参量,然后根据全局运动参量利用双线性内插法进行背景匹配,最后对配准后的图像利用帧间差分法提取运动目标.实验表明,该算法具有一定的鲁棒性,能有效地检测动态背景下的运动目标.     

基于改进的曲线傅里叶变换图像配准研究

研究图像配准精确度优化提高问题.图像配准技术一直被广泛应用在医学图像和遥感图像领域中.但由于同一目标不同信息来源的图像之间存在差异,配准造成图像不清晰.传统的图像配准算法效率和精度较低,特别是传统算法的计算复杂度高.为了解决上述问题,提出了一种将改进的曲线傅里叶变换图像配准算法,有效结合了最大熵算法和傅里叶变换算法,采用傅里叶变换算法对图像中感兴趣的区域进行分割,对各个分割区域特点进行描述并组成一定的结构,然后用最大熵算法进行权值训练,从而得到精准的图像配准结果.仿真结果表明,改进的算法有效的提高了图像配准的精确度,验证了改进算法是一种可行性有效的图像配准方法.     

基于相位相关的图像配准算法

提出了一种新的基于相位相关的图像配准方法：首先在参考图像中心处截取一个小区域图像，然后在待配准图像中寻找一个同样大小的区域，使得在对数极坐标表示下，这两个小区域图像的互功率谱经傅里叶反变换后是一个二维脉冲信号。所要寻找的小区域中心点在待配准图像中的位置即为所要估计的平移参数，二维脉冲信号中脉冲的位置与缩放因子和旋转角度有关，由此而得到图像配准参数。实验结果表明该方法具有很好的配准效果。     

快速区域互相关InSAR图像配准方法

在分析复图像干涉相位对快速互相关算法配准精度影响的基础上,提出了一种快速区域互相关InSAR图像配准方法。该方法对图像的幅度谱进行区域相关操作,获得干涉相位空间角频率的粗估计,并对主图像进行干涉相位补偿。该算法通过上述步骤消除干涉相位变化对算法的影响实现了高精度配准。在仿真实验和实测实验中,通过与传统的快速区域互相关算法及最大频谱法进行对比,验证了本文算法的稳健性与有效性。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.