负载型催化剂Al/SiO2催化制备环氧大豆油的研究

制备了含铝5%的负载型Al/SiO2多相催化剂,以其为催化剂,采用改进型无溶剂法工艺合成环氧大豆油。优化工艺条件为:反应时间4 h,大豆油∶甲酸(85%)∶H2O2(30%)=1∶0.2∶0.92(体积比),催化剂用量为2.0 g,反应温度40～60℃,所得产品色泽浅,环氧值高(>6.5%),产品质量优于国家标准,催化剂可重复使用,再生容易,无腐蚀,对环境友好。     

固体超强酸树脂催化合成环氧大豆油的工艺研究

以固体超强酸树脂为催化剂合成了环氧大豆油,分别对催化剂用量、反应温度、过氧化氢用量、乙酸用量及反应时间进行单因素和正交试验,并通过极差分析对环氧化过程中显著影响环氧值的因素进行统计分析。结果表明:最佳的合成工艺条件为反应温度70℃、催化剂用量(以大豆油质量为基准,下同)0.45%、过氧化氢用量85%、乙酸用量7.5%、反应时间4.5h,在此工艺条件下环氧大豆油环氧值可达6.55%。     

环氧大豆油合成实验研究

介绍了无溶剂法合成环氧大豆油的原理和生产方法,并通过实验确定了最佳工艺条件:反应温度为60～65 ℃,大豆油∶双氧水∶甲酸为250 mL∶120 mL(31%)∶25 mL(88%),催化剂浓硫酸用量为0.15 mL.     

相转移催化大豆油醇解研究

通过催化大豆油与甲醇进行酯交换反应合成脂肪酸甲酯(FAME),研究了相转移催化剂对油脂醇解的催化性能。考察了不同醇油摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应时间和反应温度对大豆油醇解反应的影响,得到了较佳工艺条件:n(甲醇)∶n(大豆油)为6∶1,催化剂用量为大豆油质量的1.0%,35℃~40℃下反应1 h。结果表明:苄基三乙基氢氧化铵是油脂醇解的有效催化剂,在优化工艺条件下甲酯产率达91%以上。     

无酸法合成环氧大豆油的研究

以(-πC5H5NC16H33)3[PO4(WO3)4]作为催化剂,1,2-二氯乙烷为溶剂,H2O2(30%,质量分数)为氧源,在无酸环境下直接合成环氧大豆油,并利用正交实验的方法对大豆油环氧化反应的工艺条件进行优化,得出了最佳反应条件为:n(H2O2)∶n(大豆油双键)=1.25∶1,m(二氯乙烷)∶m(大豆油)=3.5∶1,反应温度70°C,反应时间4 h,产品环氧大豆油的环氧值大于6.2%,碘值小于2.60 gI/100 g,达到一级品要求。催化剂循环使用三次催化活性保持不变。     

钨基催化剂体系下甲醇开环环氧大豆油制备多元醇

以环氧大豆油和甲醇为原料,通过开环加成制备植物油基多元醇。在自制的二氯二氧化钨(WO2Cl2)作催化剂、三氟甲磺酸银(Ag OTf)作助催化剂的条件下,考察了催化剂用量、助催化剂用量、反应时间、温度和醇油物质的量比等对环氧大豆油开环转化率的影响,并对产物的环氧值进行了测试。结果表明,当催化剂用量为3%(以甲醇和环氧大豆油总质量为基准,下同),三氟甲磺酸银用量为4%,反应温度为70℃,反应时间为8 h,醇油物质的量比为28∶1时,环氧大豆油的开环转化率较高,为89.13%。对开环产物进行了FTIR、1HNMR、TG以及流变性分析。通过热重分析得出,多元醇的分解温度(334℃)比环氧大豆油的分解温度(305℃)高。流变性分析得出,随着温度的升高,环氧大豆油和多元醇的黏度逐渐下降。在温度较低时,大豆油多元醇的黏度明显低于环氧大豆油的黏度。     

绿色增塑剂环氧大豆油的合成与表征

用自制的催化剂合成了一种环氧大豆油。通过L16(45)正交试验考察了双氧水用量、催化剂用量、反应时间和反应温度对环氧大豆油环氧值的影响。结果表明:在双氧水用量100份、催化剂用量0.5份(大豆油用量定为100份)、反应温度50℃、反应时间12.5 h的最佳工艺条件下,产品的环氧值为6.58%,碘值为0.83 gI/100g。产品通过红外和核磁共振表征,确定大豆油被环氧化生成环氧大豆油。     

微波辐射-多相催化合成乙酸丁酯

在微波辐射条件下,研究了HZSM-5为催化剂的多相催化酯化法合成乙酸丁酯的反应。探讨了催化剂用量、微波辐射功率、微波辐射时间和吸水剂用量对反应的影响。在适宜的反应条件下:V(乙酸)/V(正丁醇)=1.6,HZSM-5分子筛为0.094g/mL(以乙酸计),微波辐射功率640W,微波辐射时间30min,吸水剂(氯化钙)0.375g/mL(以乙酸计),酯收率达98.7%。     

N-甲基乙酰胺合成工艺研究

以乙酸甲酯、一甲胺为原料合成N-甲基乙酰胺,在n(乙酸甲酯)∶n(一甲胺)=1∶1.10~1.15,助剂用量为原料乙酸甲酯的20%~30%(质量分数),反应温度120~125℃,反应时间3.5~4.0h;反应压力2.0~2.5MPa,催化剂加入量占乙酸甲酯原料量0.05%~0.07%的条件下,乙酸甲酯转化率≥95%,N-甲基乙酰胺选择性≥93%。     

活性炭负载磷钨酸铝催化合成柠檬酸三丁酯

在微波辐射下,以AlPW/C为催化剂催化合成了柠檬酸三丁酯,用均匀设计法优化了合成反应条件。优化工艺条件为:酸∶醇=1∶3 5(m/m),微波功率为360W,微波辐射时间为20min,催化剂用量约为反应物总量的2 0%(m)。在此条件下,酯化率达到93 2%,产品纯度大于97%,并且催化剂可多次使用。     

底座连接口特征参数对显示器后壳注塑质量的影响分析

在Moldflow分析软件的基础上,对显示器后壳进行仿真研究,以翘曲变形量为质量指标,结合控制变量法进行单因素变动实验,保持注射工艺参数不变,研究显示器后壳底座连接口对制品翘曲变形的影响.对数据进行图表分析,结果表明显示器后壳尺寸定位68.58 cm(27英寸)时,底座连接口选用圆形,连接口位置距离底边26 mm,尺寸...     

The role of the symmetry and the flexibility of the anion on the characteristics of the nanostructures and the viscosities of ionic liquids☆

The transport properties of ionic liquids (ILs) are crucial properties in view of their applications in electrochem-ical devices. One of the most important advantages of ILs is that their chemical–physical properties and conse-quently their bulk performances can be well tuned by optimizing the chemical structures of their ions. This will require elucidating the structural features of the ions that fundamentally determine the characteristics of the nanostructures and the viscosities of ILs. Here we showed for the first time that the“rigidity”, the order, and the compactness of the three-dimensional ionic networks generated by the anions and the cation head groups determine the formation and the sizes of the nanostructures in the apolar domains of ILs. We also found that the properties of ionic networks are governed by the conformational flexibility and the symmetry of the anion and/or the cation head group. The thermal stability of the nanostructures of ILs was shown to be con-trolled by the sensitivity of the conformational equilibrium of the anion to the change of temperature. We showed that the viscosity of ILs is strongly related to the symmetry and the flexibility of the constitute ions rather than to the size of the nanostructures of ILs. Therefore, the characteristics of the nanostructures and the viscosities of ILs, especially the thermal stability of the nanostructures, can be fine-tuned by tailoring the symmetry and the conformational flexibility of the anion.     

浅谈设备的性能与操作对胎面压出质量的影响

简要介绍了胎面压出的工作原理及工艺过程，对设备的配置及操作对胎面压出质量的影响进行了分析，并对压出过程中常见的质量缺陷、造成的原因以及解决措施提出了自己的见解。     

Investigation of the effects of fatty acids on the compressive strength of the concrete and the grindability of the cement

In cement industry, a great energy consumption has been observed during grinding of clinker. To reduce this consumption, some waste products have been used as grinding aids.In this investigation, the effects of sunflower oil (SO), oleic acid (OA), stearic acid (SA), myristic acid (MA) and lauric acid (LA) on the fineness and strength of the cement have been examined. These aids were added into clinker in certain ratios based on the cement clinker weight and the grinding has been done for a definite time at the same condition.All of the fatty acids used increased the fineness as compared with the cement without the grinding additives. SO and OA decreased the strength significantly, LA decreased it to a lesser extent and SA increased it definitely according to the common cement. But MA did not alter the strength of the cement as much as SA. In addition, the covering of the balls influences the grinding of cement clinker unfavourably.     

煤粉流动性对GSP气化炉气力输送的影响研究

针对GSP气化装置煤粉气力输送在试车阶段出现的煤粉锁斗下料不畅、发料罐输送性能不佳等问题,从原料煤性质和工业装置的改进方面出发,通过煤粉的流动性参数的测量与研究,分析出现上述工程问题可能的内在原因,并提出工业装置改进方法,为保证GSP煤粉气力输送工业装置的正常运行提供解决办法。     

关于建立火炸药安全数据库的探讨

由反映火炸药及其制品的危险性能和用于对它们的生产、储运系统进行安全评价数学模型出发,探讨了如何建立一个全面、实用的火炸药安全评估数据库。通过对此数据库内容、数据表示方法、数据搜索方法以及建立步骤的讨论,明确了该数据库的使用对象和主要功能。     

The effect of the length of the oxyethylene chain on the conductivity of the polyurethaneurea electrolyte

Polyurethaneureas (PUU), which were synthesized from 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), and 3,5-diaminobanzoic acid (DABA), were used as polyelectrolytes in this study. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were used to monitor the effect of the various kinds of PEG on the changes in morphology of PUU electrolytes corresponding to the concentration of lithium perchlorate (LiClO₄) dopants. The results of DSC and FT-IR indicate the Li⁺ ions coordinate with the soft and hard segments. Additionally, the crystallinity of the PEG soft segment and the ordered hydrogen-bonded urea carbonyl groups decreased with increasing salt concentration. Impedance spectroscopy (IS) measurements show that the PUU electrolyte with the high phase separation degree has the high ionic conductivity. The hard-segment T_g and the soft-segment T_m influence the conductivity behavior of polyelectrolytes with increasing measurement temperature.     

转子挤压组合凹模的应力分析

组合凹模的应力分析是一个非常复杂的问题，对其进行精确分析是解决模具寿命的关键。本文采用有限元分析软件Ansys对转子的组合凹模进行了分析，为转子组合凹模的优化设计提供了依据。