正则表达式在优化计算中的应用

在编写优化算法软件时,用户输入的表达式通常是字符串类型,如何实现用户与计算机的交互,即怎样让计算机读懂用户输入的字符串类型的数学表达式,是计算机优化计算所要面临的首要问题。在VS中调用DEELX正则语言库,采用匹配、替换的方法实现对用户输入函数表达式的判别、计算,并在实现计算表达式的基础上计算表达式导数和求解极值。     

面向联机手写数学表达式的实时识别方法

数学表达式识别一般分为字符识别和结构分析两部分,而且大多数现有的方法是先进行字符识别然后将字符识别的结果作为结构分析的输入再进行结构分析,在这种分步识别的过程中,字符识别的错误会被继承到结构分析阶段,最终导致识别错误。关于数学表达式结构分析的问题,现有的方法大多是在假设所有的符号已经识别的基础上进行的。为了解决上述问题,提出了一种实时识别联机手写数学表达式的方法。该方法基于字符识别和结构分析的结合,动态地构建一棵数学表达式结构树来识别该数学表达式。在构建数学表达式树的过程中,采用了影响区域定位的方法,免去了其他不受影响区域的重复识别过程,因而提高了再次识别的效率,同时还弥补了现有实时识别方法不能乱序输入的缺陷。实验结果表明提出的方法可以得到比较满意的识别结果。     

初等数学表达式的文本句法自动检测

句法错误是数学文本表达式输入技术中最基本的错误形式。提出一种基于模式识别的初等数学表达式的文本句法自动检测方法,它是通过检测表达式中相邻两基元的数学排列规则来检测表达式中的文本句法错误。相邻两基元是通过对表达式的一维扫描搜索来得到,相邻两基元的检测通过模板匹配的方法来实现。数学文本表达式采用计算机键盘输入,输入格式符合人的读写习惯和计算机处理的要求。实验结果表明,该检测方法简单,算法设计容易,仅用一次扫描即可完成对表达式的句法检测,且检测速度快,正确检测率为100%。     

键盘输入数学表达式的计算方法

本文介绍计算作为字符串输入的数学表达式的一种方法。在信号处理与系统仿真软件中采用这种方法,可使用户能用人机交互方式从键盘指定时间序列或系统输入的数学表达式,从而提高软件的灵活性与实用性。     

用SLR分析法处理算术表达式

算符优先法是算术表达式求值的一种常见算法,然而,算符优先法识别错误表迭式的能力较弱.为了在计算正确表达式的同时,准确识别错误表达式,本文提出用SLR分析法处理表达式.发现表达式有错时计算过程立即终止,向用户报告出错信息.未发现错误时,返回计算结果.     

通用函数曲线作图程序

利用计算机绘制各种函数曲线,是许多用户经常遇到的问题。一般的作法是根据给定曲线的函数关系式,编制一个相应的作图程序。这种方法的局限性是显而易见的:如果函数关系改变,程序就得做相应的改变,这样的程序基本上不能交流。为了克服这一弊病,不少软件采用了“曲线库”的方法,即编出若干种常用工程曲线作图子程序,置于“曲线库”中,通过交互方式,供用户作图时选择。上述两种方法都是基于“一线一程”模式,如采用“曲线库”方法,遇到库中没有的函数曲线,仍是无法完成作图。如果能编制一个通用函数曲线作图程序,使用时,用户只需输入欲绘制函数曲线的表达式及必要的坐标参数,计算机就可自动绘制出相应的曲线,无论怎样修改函数表达式,都不用改动程序,那将极大地方便用户,也利于推广交流。本程序即以上述想法为设计目的,实现了“万线一程”的目标。     

一元函数表达式的类设计

在一些数学软件、统计软件和数值模拟软件中需要的一元函数表达式并不确定。因此，需要一种方法能够动态生成任意复杂的一元函数表达式。本文提出了一种构造函数表达式的动态组合法，该方法将四则运算符、基本初等函数、复合函数和常数项看成是对象，并采用C＋＋实现了这些对象的类定义。通过这些对象的动态创建与组合可以复合成任意的一元函数表达式。结果表明,一元函数表达式对象能够通过接口向其调用者输出正确的表达式计算功能。     

一种数学表达式检索结果相关排序算法

针对数学表达式符号种类繁多、结构复杂多变、语法语义丰富等特点,提出一种检索结果相关排序算法,利用犹豫模糊集在处理多特征、多隶属度模式方面的优势,计算数学表达式间的相似度,实现基于相似度的数学表达式检索结果的相关排序。通过归纳数学表达式的符号、结构、语法、语义方面的特征,建立数学表达式的相似度函数,对数学表达式检索系统中用户查询式与检索结果集中数学表达式之间的相似程度进行综合多视角的测量。实验结果表明,该算法能实现数学表达式检索系统结果数据的有序输出,有助于改善数学表达式检索系统的性能。     

中文科技文档中的数学表达式定位

数学表达式定位是印刷体数学表达式识别的前提。针对中文科技文档,分别对独立表达式和内嵌表达式的定位问题提出了新的方法。采用自适应神经模糊推理系统(ANFIS) 对行特征进行分类,提取出独立表达式;采用模糊聚类和动态规划方法,从文档中依次提取出汉字、中文标点和英文字符,利用启发式规则合并剩余的数学符号而提取出内嵌表达式。实验表明,提出的表达式定位方法有很高的正确率。     

基于改进 YOLOv5s 的离线手写数学符号识别

离线数学符号识别是离线数学表达式识别的前提。针对现有离线符号识别方法只是单纯的对符号进行识别,对离线表达式识别的其他环节未有任何帮助,反而会限制表达式识别,提出一种改进 YOLOv5s的离线符号识别方法。首先,根据符号图像小的特点,用生成对抗网络(GAN)进行数据增强;其次,从符号类别的角度分析,在 YOLOv5s 模型中引入空间注意力机制,利用全局最大值和全局平均值池化,扩大类别间的差异特征;最后,从符号自身角度分析,引入双向长短期记忆网络(BiLSTM)对符号特征矩阵进行处理,使符 号特征具有上下相关联的信息。实验结果表明：改进后的 YOLOv5s 取得较好离线符号识别效果,有 92.47%的识别率,与其他方法进行对比,证明了其有效性和稳健性。同时,能有效避免离线数学表达式识别中错误累积的问题,且能为表达式的结构分析提供有效依据。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。