非酸催化合成偏苯三酸三辛酯的研究

描述了偏苯三酸酐与2-乙基己醇合成增塑剂偏苯三酸三辛酯.通过实验,从钛酸四丁酯、铝酸钠、氧化亚锡等非酸性催化剂中选择了酯化催化性能良好的氧化亚锡作为催化剂,并探讨了催化剂氧化亚锡的用量、酸醇物质的量比、反应时问及催化荆氧化亚锡的重复使用对反应结果的影响.实验结果表明,氧化亚锡催化合成偏苯三酸三辛酯的最佳条件是:酸醇比为n(偏苯酸酐):n(2-乙基己醇)=1:4.5(摩尔比),催化剂用量为偏苯三酸酐质量的0.6%,反应时间为4 h,反应温度为220～238℃,催化剂氧化亚锡可以重复使用,酯化率可达99.9%.     

非酸催化合成偏苯三酸三辛酯的研究

本文主要描述了偏苯三酸酐与2-乙基己醇合成增塑剂偏苯三酸三辛酯。通过实验，从钛酸四丁酯、铝酸钠、氧化亚锡等非酸性催化剂中选择了酯化催化性能良好的氧化亚锡作为催化剂，并探讨了催化剂氧化亚锡的用量、酸醇物质的量比、反应时间及催化剂氧化亚锡的重复使用对反应结果的影响。实验结果表明，氧化亚锡催化合成偏苯三酸三辛酯的最佳条件为：酸醇比为n（偏苯酸酐）：n（2-乙基己醇）=1：4．5（摩尔比），催化剂用量为偏苯三酸酐质量的0．6％，反应时间为4小时，反应温度为220～238℃，催化剂氧化亚锡可以重复使用，酯化率可达99.9％。     

氧化亚锡催化合成偏苯三酸三异辛酯（TOTM）

主要研究了偏苯三酸酐与2－乙基己醇合成增塑剂偏苯三酸三异辛酯的反应过程，从氧化亚锡、钛酸四丁酯，偏铝酸钠，固体超强酸等4种非酸性催化剂中选择了酯化催化性能良好的催化剂－氧化亚锡，确定了氧化亚锡的用量，原料酯比以及反应时间对酯化反应的影响，最终确立了酯化过程的最佳工艺条件，醇酐比为4．0：1，在反应温度210℃下加热2小时，偏酐转化率为99．88％。     

耐寒塑料助剂十二碳二元酸二酯的合成工艺研究

采用非酸催化剂钛酸四异丙酯,以十二碳二元酸与C8-C10混合醇为原料,合成十二碳二元酸二酯,分别研究了醇酸摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应温度、反应时间对酯化率的影响。实验结果表明,非酸催化合成十二碳二元二酯的最佳工艺条件:醇酸摩尔比2. 8、催化剂用量0. 08%、反应温度230℃、反应时间5 h。钛酸四异丙酯具有催化活性好,无环境污染、不腐蚀设备等优点。     

邻苯二甲酸810酯的催化合成

以钛酸四异丙酯和钛酸四丁酯的混合物为催化剂,催化酯化合成邻苯二甲酸810酯。通过正交设计法考察了酯化温度、醇酐比、反应时间及催化剂用量等因素对反应的影响。结果表明:在220℃、醇酸比为3、反应时间3h,催化剂用量为4wt‰苯酐的条件下,邻苯二甲酸810酯的酯化率大于98.9%。     

介孔磺酸化坡缕石的制备及催化性能

采用后合成方法制备出磺酸官能化的介孔坡缕石固体酸PGS-SO3H催化剂,通过红外光谱,X-射线粉末衍射,扫描电镜和热重等对其进行了表征,并在合成偏苯三酸三辛酯的酯化反应中进行催化性能的评价.单因素考察了催化剂用量,酸醇物质的量比,反应温度等因素对酯化反应的影响.实验结果表明:在反应温度210℃,偏苯三酸酐和2-乙基己醇的物质的量比为1∶4.5,催化剂用量为总反应原料质量的4.9％,反应6h酯化率可达96.16％.     

偏苯三酸三（2-乙基）己酯（TOTM）中和水洗实验研究

通过采用钛酸四异丙酯(TPT)为催化剂,偏苯三酸酐和2-乙基己醇为原料催化合成增塑剂偏苯三酸三异辛酯(TOTM)的基础上。通过正交试验研究了生成产物中和水洗的最佳条件。     

疏水性双功能坡缕石固体酸的制备及催化性能研究

3-巯丙基三甲氧基硅烷和4种不同碳数目硅烷修饰坡缕石,用双氧水氧化后得到疏水性双官能团介孔坡缕石固体酸。采用红外光谱、元素分析、X射线衍射、扫描电镜、NH3-TPD及N2吸附解析对其进行表征,以偏苯三酸三辛酯的合成作为探针反应对该固体酸的催化性能进行了研究。结果表明,随着疏水官能团烷烃链的引入,该固体酸的催化性能增强,催化剂用量下降。在反应温度为210℃,偏苯三酸酐2.4 g,酸醇摩尔比为1∶4.5,催化剂C16H33-PGS-SO3H为0.12 g(占总原料质量的1.23%),反应时间6 h的条件下,酯化率可达94.81%。     

固体催化剂氧化亚锡催化合成偏苯三酸三（2－乙基己）酯

采用固体催化剂氧化亚锡催化合成偏苯三酸三（２－乙基己）酯，考察该催化剂的理化性能，研究了偏苯三酸酐和２－乙基己醇的原料配比、反应时间、催化剂的选择和用量对酯化反应的影响，确定了最佳工艺条件。     

固体酸SO42-/SnO2催化合成柠檬酸三辛酯的研究

以柠檬酸和正辛醇为原料,以自制的固体酸SO42-/SnO2为催化剂合成无毒增塑剂柠檬酸三辛酯(TOC)。探讨了催化剂用量、酸醇物质的量比、反应时间、反应温度对反应结果的影响,对合成的产品进行红外光谱分析。实验结果表明,自制的固体酸SO42-/SnO2催化合成的最佳工艺参数:催化剂用量为3%,酸醇物质的量比为1∶5.5,反应时间为3 h,酯化率可达到98.03%。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.