吸附法处理对苯二甲酸精制单元的废水

生产精对苯二甲酸(PTA)时,往往产生大量废水.在初步筛选实验条件的基础上,选择颗粒活性炭(GAC)作为吸附剂处理经过预处理的PTA精制废水.考察了接触时间、pH、GAC用量等因素对废水中有机污染物去除效果的影响.结果表明,吸附平衡时间为2 h,pH在3.0左右对吸附较为有利,吸附等温线符合Frendlich型,GAC的动态吸附容量为63.46 mg/g,可以用20%的NaOH溶液对GAC进行再生,浸泡5 h后的再生率接近90%.     

有机粘土对染色废水吸附脱色研究

用十六烷基胺对粘土进行改性处理制得有机粘土吸附剂,考察该吸附剂对废水的吸附脱色效果。实验室研究结果表明:有机粘土在废水脱色中优于无机粘土,但比活性炭的吸附能力稍差,可以部分代替活性炭。     

吸附法去除高浓度含HF废水的研究

以吡啶基树脂作为吸附剂,以高浓度含氟化氢废水溶液作为处理对象,进行了静态的吸附平衡和动态的固定床穿透实验研究。静态实验研究表明,该吸附剂对废水中的高浓度氟化氢具有优异的吸附性能,其平衡吸附量与氟化氢浓度基本成线性关系;动态实验研究表明,该吸附剂可有效处理氟化氢含量达7000 mg/L的高浓度废水,净化后废水中氟化氢含量低于10 mg/L,从而实现高浓度含HF废水的处理及综合利用。     

氯霉素生产所排放硝基废水的吸附处理研究

首次采用一种新型吸附材料——活性炭纤维作为吸附剂,以制药厂氯霉素车间排放的硝基废水为对象,系统研究了活性炭纤维对硝基废水的表观平衡吸附量、动态穿透特性、吸附影响因素以及吸附剂的再生性能。研究表明活性炭纤维处理硝基废水吸附容量大,吸附速度快,具有优异的再生性能,可以替代传统的颗粒状活性炭。     

用聚合物处理农药废水

这里介绍一种新的,处理农药生产厂含有机氯化合物废水的方法。即是用Amberlite XAD-4这种新型高分子吸附剂,进行吸附处理。该吸附剂的特点是:孔率高(约占单位体积50％)比表面积大(750米~2/克)并具有惰性和表面疏水性。该种吸附剂可用有机溶剂再生,农药吸附物可通过浓缩的方式收集起来。通过实验,比较了XAD-4与活性炭颗粒商品处理农药废水的效果。用XAD-4吸附柱进行农药废水处理时,     

吸附-氧化再生法处理印染废水的试验研究

以印染废水为处理对象,以D301大孔树脂为吸附剂,选取次氯酸钠溶液为再生氧化剂,对吸附-氧化再生法处理印染废水的可行性及其影响因素进行了试验研究。结果表明:D301大孔树脂对印染废水有较好的吸附性能,其COD平衡吸附量可达166.2mg/g;当吸附剂再生时间为20min时,COD再生率可达83.8%。以D301大孔树脂为吸附剂、次氯酸钠溶液为再生氧化剂的吸附-氧化再生法处理印染废水具有处理时间短、操作灵活的优势,吸附剂的氧化再生时间短、再生率高,有很好的可行性和良好的应用前景。     

改性龙眼壳对废水中六价铬离子的吸附研究

采用硫酸溶液对龙眼壳进行改性制备吸附剂,研究吸附剂粒径、废水浓度、吸附时间和温度等因素对吸附率的影响。结果表明,改性吸附剂吸附Cr(Vl)的最佳pH为2.0、离子浓度为30 mg/L、吸附时间为100 min时,吸附率可达到99%左右。改性吸附剂对Cr(Vl)的吸附符合准二级动力学方程,经过5级静态吸附后,吸附率仍可以达到83.39%。用HCl溶液(1+5)对吸附后的改性龙眼壳可解吸再生,改性龙眼壳可作为含铬废水的处理材料。     

废白土榴莲壳黏土生物炭的制备及其对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附

以废白土与榴莲壳为原料制备了黏土生物炭吸附剂(SBEC),以废白土为原料制备了黏土炭基吸附剂(SBE),并用于去除废水中的Cr(Ⅵ).用SEM、XRD、FTIR、BET对吸附剂进行了表征.考察了溶液初始pH、初始Cr(Ⅵ)质量浓度、吸附剂投加量、吸附时间和吸附温度对Cr(Ⅵ)吸附效果的影响.在Cr(Ⅵ)初始质量浓度为1...     

草甘膦废水的资源化利用

采用吸附方法处理草甘膦废水,将含有2％左右的草甘膦废水进行处理,回收率达99％.吸附的最佳条件:13 g吸附剂和100 g废水在50℃条件下震荡4h,可以将废水中的草甘膦基本吸附完全.脱附的最佳条件:吸附剂:氨水( 10％)=1∶6,在20℃条件下震荡6h,脱附率达到99％左右.吸附剂通过再生,经过7次重复实验,吸附剂...     

吸附法在氨氮废水处理中的应用

氨氮废水来源广泛、总量巨大,必须对其进行处理。目前氨氮废水的处理方法有很多,吸附法是其中的一种。吸附法中使用的吸附剂有人工合成类、天然矿物类和资源再生类三种类型,它们各有优点与不足。吸附法在处理氨氮废水过程中也存在着需要改进的问题,主要是因为吸附容量限制导致的吸附剂频繁再生、解吸液的处理以及废弃吸附剂的处置。如果能够将吸附法与其它方法联合使用,并解决好存在的一些问题,吸附法在氨氮废水处理中依然有美好的前景。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。