径向函数网络对国民经济生产总值预测研究

为了建立国民经济生产总值（GDP）神经网络预测模型,构造了双层网络结构的基于径向基网络,通过学习训练,确定径向基数神经网络参数和结构。仿真结果表明,生成的径向基函数模型应用于国民经济预测比BP神经网络模型具有更高的预测精度和良好的泛化能力。     

自适应变系数粒子群—径向基神经网络模型在负荷预测中的应用

为了提高短期电力负荷预测精度,提出了一种自适应变系数粒子群-径向基函数神经网络混合优化算法(AVCPSO-RBF).实现了径向基神经网络参数优化.建立了基于该优化算法的短期负荷预测模型,利用贵州电网历史数据进行短期负荷预测.仿真表明,该方法的收敛速度和预测精度优于传统径向基神经网络方法和粒子群-RBF神经网络方法及基于混沌理论的神经网络模型,该优化算法克服了径向基神经网络和传统的粒子群优化方法的缺点,改善了径向基神经网络的泛化能力,提高了贵州电网短期负荷预测的精度,各日预测负荷的平均百分比误差可控制在1.7%以内.该算法可有效用于电力系统的短期负荷预测.     

基于混沌映射的非径向对称基函数的神经网络模型

为提高神经网络模型的预测精度,构建了非径向对称基函数神经网络模型结构。为确定非径向对称基函数神经网络模型参数,采用Ulam-von Neumann映射规则确定混沌变量,利用混沌变量的遍历性获得不同网络结构参数下的最优网络输出,以减少所构建网络模型的实际输出与期望输出的差值,并利用模型输出的误差变化率以决定是否增加新的隐层节点。给出基于混沌映射的非径向对称基函数的网络模型构建步骤。采用基于Mackey-Glass时滞微分方程的混沌时间序列预测问题验证该模型的预测精度,并同其他文献对该序列预测的精度以及所需隐层节点数作对比。比较结果表明,采用该设计模型具有对时间序列预测精度高且所需网络结构规模小等优点。     

基于神经网络的卫星钟差预报研究

针对卫星钟差的数学预测补偿问题,研究基于径向基函数神经网络的卫星钟差预报方法.以国际全球定位系统服务机构数据中心网站公布的卫星钟差数据作为输入样本,利用径向基函数神经网络进行学习训练,进行卫星钟差预报,将结果与线性插值法和多项式插值法以及数据中心发布的精密卫星钟差数据做比较,分析卫星钟差的预报精度.仿真结果表明,RBF神经网络逼近非线性函数的能力强、收敛速度快,卫星钟差预报精度高、残差波动小、拟合平滑度好.     

基于RBF神经网络的涡轮性能预测

针对某型弹用航空发动机涡轮，建立了基于径向基函数神经网络的性能预测近似模型。由均匀设计提供训练样本，选取静叶叶身5个关键截面上的7个参数作为设计变量，涡轮效率作为输出变量，采用遗传算法对径向基网络进行训练，并和BP网络算法求解的模型进行了对比。结果表明：该算法能够广泛地利用样本空间，得到较高的训练和测试精度；构建的RBF网络具有较小的网络规模．较强的泛化能力。     

一种混合核函数SVM建模方法及其应用

为了提高模型的泛化能力和精度,提出了一种基于混合核函数的支持向量机(SVM)建模方法.所提出的混合核函数由径向基函数和多项式函数加权组合而成,克服了支持向量机模型中单个核函数的局限性.并利用量子粒子群算法(QPSO)对惩罚系数、核参数以及混合权重系数进行综合寻优,求取最优化参数组合,从而提高模型的精度.采用锌湿法冶炼净化过程现场数据对建模的方法进行了测试,结果表明,所提出的混合核函数支持向量机模型具有较好的泛化性能和预测精度,预测结果满足现场工艺生产的要求.     

浮选生产过程经济技术指标的软测量建模

依据浮选过程的工艺机理和操作经验,初选了浮选过程经济技术指标神经网络软测量模型的输入变量,运用主元分析法对输入变量进行主元分解,降低输入变量维数且消除了输入变量之间的线性相关性,再通过基于最近邻聚类学习算法的径向基函数神经网络进行建模。仿真结果表明,该模型具有较快的训练速率和较高的预测精度,可以满足浮选过程实时控制的在线软测量要求。     

并联混合神经网络模型及应用研究

单一神经网络难以对复杂模型做出准确的预测,提出了一种并联型混合神经网络模型用于对复杂的系统进行预测,该模型由径向基函数网络、BP网络和控制模块组成。控制模块用于线性映射层,将两种单一神经网络的输出结合并得到最终的输出结果。详细地给出了混合模型的预测方法：首先,利用改进算法分别训练径向基函数网络和BP网络;其次,采用自适应遗传算法优化线性映射层以获得更好的预测精度;最后,利用两个实例比较单一神经网络和提出的混合网络的预测性能。实验表明,混合神经网络在预测精度上比单一网络具有更优的性能,同时,该混合模型为复杂系统提供了一种通用的预测工具。     

一种改进的RBF神经网络DOA估计方法

提出一种优化径向基函数神经网络来波方位(DOA)估计模型结构和参数的方法。利用误差准则函数的收敛性,合理确定模型的隐层神经元数目,根据阵列信号相位差特征的空间分布特点,选择具有代表性的隐层神经元的中心,构建的RBF神经网络更能反映阵列的测向能力。相比于目前的径向基函数神经网络测向模型的构建方法,改进的DOA估计模型具有更好的泛化性能,能够提高测向精度。实验结果验证了该方法的有效性。     

径向基函数神经网络在网络安全预测中的应用

网络安全态势预测目前已成为网络安全领域的重点研究对象。利用神经网络的非线性数据特性和处理混沌的优势,根据网络安全态势值在时间序列上所具有的非线性特点,提出一种基于径向基函数神经网络的网络安全态势预测方法。该方法通过训练径向基函数神经网络来发现态势值数据间的非线性映射关系,然后根据此关系来预测网络安全的态势值。仿真实验测试表明,采用径向基函数神经网络能够取得较高的精度,网络安全态势的变化趋势和实际数据基本吻合,并且由于预测绝对误差较小,网络安全态势值的变化趋势能够较好的反映出来。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.