乳化油废水稳定性研究

研究了不同条件(静置时间、温度、pH值、添加电解质、表面活性剂)下模拟乳化油废水Zeta电位和粒径的变化规律,探讨了影响乳化油废水稳定性的因素.实验结果及分析表明,适当的静置、低温、弱酸性条件以及加入电解质均可降低乳化油废水的稳定性,加入表面活性剂则会增加乳化油废水的稳定性,实验选用的四种表面活性剂中阴离子表面活性剂比阳离子表面活性剂对乳化油的稳定效果更好.     

超滤(UF)技术处理乳化油废水的研究

采用超滤工艺一间歇式错流操作模型一处理乳化油废水,选用了聚乙烯乙二醇超滤膜(PEG)和卷式膜组件,采用不同的超滤模型对超滤过程中超滤膜透水率、乳化油废水中的COD去除率的变化进行了实验研究,实验结果表明该模型对乳化油废水具有良好的处理效果。     

乳化油废水处理技术研究进展

随着乳化油废水的日益增多,高效分离其中的乳化油对于环境保护与资源的有效利用颇具意义。本文综述了絮凝法、吸附法、膜分离法和磁分离法在乳化油废水处理中的研究进展与主要优缺点,并提出了今后乳化油废水处理技术的一些建议与展望。     

浅谈成品油管道运输中的乳化油处理

成品油在管道输送过程中,因管道中水和机械杂质存在,会形成乳化油。乳化油含水量和机械杂质超标,不满足国家现行质量标准,必须处理合格后才能进行销售。介绍了乳化油形成原因和处理方法,并分析了实际工作中乳化油的判定标准和处理方法选择。     

包埋固定化微生物法处理含油废水工艺研究

本研究通过包埋固定化微生物法固定降油菌（Y1#菌），用于处理含油废水，并以水体中乳化油去除率为指标考察了影响乳化油降解的各种因素。选用聚乙烯醇（PVA）-海藻酸钠（SA）复配作为包埋固定化载体材料，制备成固定化微生物小球（IMB），通过实验优化了IMB制备的工艺条件。连续批次实验表明：     

电催化法处理乳化油污水工艺及机理探讨

实验研究了电催化法处理乳化油污水的工艺,系统考查了pH值、极间距、极电压、电极、反应时间、添加剂种类及用量等因素对电催化效果的影响。借助于循环伏安曲线研究了不同电解液中电极的电催化性能,并对乳化油电催化转化历程进行了分析推断。结果表明,乳化油去除率达到94.29%、COD去除率达到92.92%,乳化油的电催化降解过程是催化氧化和燃烧过程的综合过程。     

煤焦油乳化技术及其燃烧效果的研究

通过实验得出乳化煤焦油的最佳掺水量在15%左右,当掺水量为15%时,乳化油的粘度在45℃时为406mPa.s,而且性能稳定。温度是对乳化油粘度影响最大的一个因素,随着温度的升高,乳化油的粘度明显下降。在辽河油田燃油锅炉进行了燃烧实验,对比了乳化油和未乳化油的烟气排放情况,结果表明乳化油在热效率不变的情况下,减少了碳颗粒的产生,提高了燃料的利用率,而且还有效的阻止了NOx和SOx的产生,起到了保护环境的作用。     

环境友好型轧制油的研制——合成循环轧制乳化油

以季戊四醇合成酯为代表的冷轧循环乳化油是目前较为流行的环保型金属加工油之一。文章通过介绍这种乳化油的性能和研制过程,研究乳化油离水展着性和润滑性与乳化剂HLB值的关系,并探讨确定配方依据的原理和试验方法,同时通过数据和图表,比较不同类型乳化剂体系对乳化油润滑性(摩擦特性)的影响。结果表明,乳化油的性能除了受合成酯油性质的影响外,同时也与乳化体系的构成、用量密切相关。     

基于聚丙烯无纺布与耗氧传感器的泄漏乳化油的监测

利用聚丙烯无纺布（polypropylene non-woven fabric,PP NWF）和耗氧传感器结合来构建一个乳化油监测探头。PP NWF是一种超疏水吸油材料,可以快速吸附乳化油污,利用该性能,本监测探头先用PP NWF富集乳化油污,再用探头对材料中的氧含量进行监测,从而达到乳化油监测的目的。本文通过监测不同种类的乳化油（表面活性剂为吐温80的正己烷乳化油、石油醚乳化油、甲苯乳化油及表面活性剂为司班80的正己烷乳化油、石油醚乳化油、甲苯乳化油）来验证其可行性。结果表明：该监测探头可以监测到不同乳化条件下的乳化油,并且能监测到不同种类的乳化油。其中监测甲苯乳化油时响应时间最短,可以在6s内监测到该油污。固定PP NWF时的耗氧传感器探头的最低检测限为1.27g/L,监测效率较未固定PP NWF时提高了近8倍。综上,固定PP NWF的耗氧传感器探头可以作为海洋乳化油监测重要的一个系统,对海洋乳化油泄漏事故进行在线实时监测,可以快速准确提供早期溢油预警。     

液压支架用乳化油的改性及其对镀锌件的缓蚀研究

针对市场上现有乳化油产品对镀锌层存在腐蚀作用的情况,通过改性后乳化油对镀锌层浸泡腐蚀试验,观察样品添加缓蚀剂后对镀锌层的腐蚀情况,对多种缓蚀添加剂进行筛选,选择出了能够有效防止镀锌层腐蚀并保证其它方面性能的缓蚀添加剂,开发出了对镀锌层有缓蚀效果的液压支架用改性乳化油。对改性后产品的所有性能指标进行评定,产品符合MT76—2011《液压支架用乳化油、浓缩液及其高含水液压液》的要求,并取得了良好的应用效果。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。