波动数值模拟中的吸收边界条件

为了提高人工边界条件在波动输入边界和自由场边界的精度,该文扩展了Higdon一阶吸收边界条件,并编制了相应的有限元计算程序。该方法将输入波分量引入到Higdon吸收边界条件当中,利用最小二乘法,用吸收边界邻域内的应变场和速度场计算Higdon边界条件公式中的参数,实现了吸收边界条件的自动更新。并且,该文提出了既适用于波...     

谱元法与透射边界的配合使用及其稳定性研究

在无限域波动模拟中引入透射边界条件时,目前多将边界上的透射公式与内域的有限元法结合使用,其计算精度由有限元方法决定,而谱元法因结合有限元和频谱法的优势则比有限元空间域积分具有更高的计算精度。该文基于谱元法非等距网格划分特性,研究了内域的谱元法与边界上的透射公式结合的理论方法,给出了相应的透射公式使用方法,并基于建立的谱元法波动数值模型探讨了透射公式的稳定性问题。研究表明:空间域插值系数需控制在一个合理范围内,空间域插值方法相对于时间域插值方法更为稳定,高频失稳出现可能性相对较小;Gamma算子的使用可提高模拟的精度,采用Gamma算子后对于高阶透射公式仍可出现低频漂移现象,可结合降阶消漂的方式实现稳定精度高的透射边界应用。     

基础阻抗力的一种时域算法

该文提出一种计算基础阻抗力的时域算法。通过引入一个辅助变量并执行逆傅里叶变换,将基础动力刚度的连续时间有理近似实现为时域高阶常微分方程;进一步定义不同时刻的辅助变量为多个不同的辅助变量,将高阶微分方程等价地转化为以状态空间描述的一阶常微分方程组。微分方程组的稳定性和精度等价于连续时间有理近似的稳定性和精度。之后采用四阶龙格-库塔公式数值地求解获得的一阶微分方程组。典型基础振动问题的分析表明了该文方法的有效性。     

瞬态弹性动力学问题的半解析边界元法

本文用半解析有限元法对边界积分方程作离散化处理,通过引入基本解函数和半解析半离散试函数的二次半解析过程,使三维弹性动力学问题简化为一维数值计算。文中又采用移动边界元法来模拟波在半无限介质中传播的表面积分问题,分析计算了各种瞬态波在介质内传播,绕射及地面运动问题。计算结果表明,半解析边界元法不仅计算精度高,而且工作量大大降低,具有较高的经济效益与应用价值。     

半圆柱型沉积盆地对SH波散射的数值分析

该文实现了一种半无限域SH波散射问题的数值分析方法。采用传递矩阵法得到SH波斜入射时的自由场,将其作为输入;采用集中质量显式有限元方法计算区域内节点的位移;采用透射人工边界计算人工边界点的位移;通过编写的FORTRAN程序实现计算过程。运用该方法对均匀半空间内半圆柱型沉积盆地在SH波入射下的散射进行了分析,与Trifunac M D的解析解进行了对比,验证了该文方法的有效性,分析了不同入射角对地表位移和位移谱放大系数的影响。最后,对成层半空间内半圆柱型沉积盆地在SH波入射下的散射进行了分析。相对于解析方法而言,该方法可以考虑更为复杂地形情况。     

基于ABAQUS的动水压力波双渐近透射边界单元及应用

高阶双渐近透射边界能够在全频范围内迅速逼近准确解,具有很高的计算精度和计算效率。基于大型通用有限元软件ABAQUS提供的用户子程序接口UEL开发了动水压力波双渐近透射边界单元,实现了有限元-双渐近透射边界时域耦合分析模型。双渐近透射边界单元的刚度矩阵和阻尼矩阵均为常矩阵,在分析计算中仅需计算一次,因此可以预先求解再读入ABAQUS以提高计算效率。通过数值算例验证了双渐近透射边界单元程序的正确性,并将其应用到大坝-库水动力相互作用分析。算例分析结果表明,双渐近透射边界单元具有良好的稳定性和计算精度,适用于实际大坝的地震响应分析。     

波动谱元模拟中透射边界稳定性分析

无限域波动数值模拟中,人工边界的稳定性是获得可靠模拟结果的前提。具有高阶精度的谱元法和透射边界两者结合的数值模拟方案显示出较好的模拟精度和数值稳定性,然而,仍然存在数值失稳现象,其失稳机理和稳定条件尚不明确,相应的理论分析极为欠缺。该文针对透射边界在高阶谱元法中的稳定性,依据高阶谱单元中非等间距节点的周期延拓特点,通过构建内域和边界数值格式的向量形式来分析人工边界反射系数。进而保证边界对谱元法中存在的真实模态和虚假模态的反射系数均小于等于1,从而得到透射边界的稳定条件,其表现为无量纲边界参数和谱元参数之间的关系,其含义为透射边界人工波速与介质物理波速的比值限定在一定范围内。同时揭示了透射边界引发高频失稳的机理,即边界对谱元法中虚假模态的反复反射放大所致。最后采用数值实验验证了透射边界稳定条件。     

扭转振动数值分析的粘弹性传输边界

传输边界是动力问题有限元计算中常见的边界处理方式。该文针对扭转振动引起半无限域内柱面剪切波有限元分析的传输边界,通过两种近似推导,提出了两种粘弹性传输边界,并对其计算精度进行了计算分析。数值分析结果显示,两种粘弹性边界都可以较好地模拟扭转振动分析时地基的无限性。同时,对这里考虑的扭转振动来说,粘弹性边界条件中的弹簧刚度与实际静力刚度相等时,传输边界的精度更高。     

双参数弹性地基板的边界配置法

本文提出了分析双参数弹性介质上板的边界配置法。这是一种半解析半离散方法,选取的位移函数已经满足域内的控制微分方程,而板的边界条件由边界配置法近似满足。本文分析了一些算例,并和其它方法作了比较,数值结果表明本文方法具有一系列的优点。     

一种新的有限域动力刚度改进连分式求解算法

比例边界有限元法仅需离散边界,网格划分灵活,且易于采用高阶单元,是结构动力分析的理想方法。针对有限域动力问题,基于广义特征值分解对动力刚度表示的比例边界有限元方程进行模态变换。通过选取特定的因子矩阵,简化了改进连分式算法的求解流程,提出了一种新的有限域动力刚度改进连分式求解算法。在动力刚度连分式渐近解的基础上引入辅助变量,建立了有限域动力问题的运动方程,其系数矩阵对称稀疏,可以利用现有的有限元求解器求解。正八边形板和重力坝算例表明,新算法具有良好的数值稳定性和计算精度,适用于实际工程问题的动力响应分析。     

A continued‐fraction‐based high‐order transmitting boundary for wave propagation in unbounded domains of arbitrary geometry

A high‐order local transmitting boundary is developed to model the propagation of elastic waves in unbounded domains. This transmitting boundary is applicable to scalar and vector waves, to unbounded domains of arbitrary geometry and to anisotropic materials. The formulation is based on a continued‐fraction solution of the dynamic‐stiffness matrix of an unbounded domain. The coefficient matrices of the continued fraction are determined recursively from the scaled boundary finite element equation in dynamic stiffness. The solution converges rapidly over the whole frequency range as the order of the continued fraction increases. Using the continued‐fraction solution and introducing auxiliary variables, a high‐order local transmitting boundary is formulated as an equation of motion with symmetric and frequency‐independent coefficient matrices. It can be coupled seamlessly with finite elements. Standard procedures in structural dynamics are directly applicable for evaluating the response in the frequency and time domains. Analytical and numerical examples demonstrate the high rate of convergence and efficiency of this high‐order local transmitting boundary. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A boundary condition in Padé series for frequency‐domain solution of wave propagation in unbounded domains

A boundary condition satisfying the radiation condition at infinity is frequently required in the numerical simulation of wave propagation in an unbounded domain. In a frequency domain analysis using finite elements, this boundary condition can be represented by the dynamic stiffness matrix of the unbounded domain defined on its boundary. A method for determining a Padé series of the dynamic stiffness matrix is proposed in this paper. This method starts from the scaled boundary finite‐element equation, which is a system of ordinary differential equations obtained by discretizing the boundary only. The coefficients of the Padé series are obtained directly from the ordinary differential equations, which are not actually solved for the dynamic stiffness matrix. The high rate of convergence of the Padé series with increasing order is demonstrated numerically. This technique is applicable to scalar waves and elastic vector waves propagating in anisotropic unbounded domains of irregular geometry. It can be combined seamlessly with standard finite elements. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Finite element formulation of exact non‐reflecting boundary conditions for the time‐dependent wave equation

A modified version of an exact Non‐reflecting Boundary Condition (NRBC) first derived by Grote and Keller is implemented in a finite element formulation for the scalar wave equation. The NRBC annihilate the first N wave harmonics on a spherical truncation boundary, and may be viewed as an extension of the second‐order local boundary condition derived by Bayliss and Turkel. Two alternative finite element formulations are given. In the first, the boundary operator is implemented directly as a ‘natural’ boundary condition in the weak form of the initial–boundary value problem. In the second, the operator is implemented indirectly by introducing auxiliary variables on the truncation boundary. Several versions of implicit and explicit time‐integration schemes are presented for solution of the finite element semidiscrete equations concurrently with the first‐order differential equations associated with the NRBC and an auxiliary variable. Numerical studies are performed to assess the accuracy and convergence properties of the NRBC when implemented in the finite element method. The results demonstrate that the finite element formulation of the (modified) NRBC is remarkably robust, and highly accurate. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Explicit finite element artificial boundary scheme for transient scalar waves in two‐dimensional unbounded waveguide

To simulate the transient scalar wave propagation in a two‐dimensional unbounded waveguide, an explicit finite element artificial boundary scheme is proposed, which couples the standard dynamic finite element method for complex near field and a high‐order accurate artificial boundary condition (ABC) for simple far field. An exact dynamic‐stiffness ABC that is global in space and time is constructed. A temporal localization method is developed, which consists of the rational function approximation in the frequency domain and the auxiliary variable realization into time domain. This method is applied to the dynamic‐stiffness ABC to result in a high‐order accurate ABC that is local in time but global in space. By discretizing the high‐order accurate ABC along artificial boundary and coupling the result with the standard lumped‐mass finite element equation of near field, a coupled dynamic equation is obtained, which is a symmetric system of purely second‐order ordinary differential equations in time with the diagonal mass and non‐diagonal damping matrices. A new explicit time integration algorithm in structural dynamics is used to solve this equation. Numerical examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

An improved continued‐fraction‐based high‐order transmitting boundary for time‐domain analyses in unbounded domains

A high‐order local transmitting boundary to model the propagation of acoustic or elastic, scalar or vector‐valued waves in unbounded domains of arbitrary geometry is proposed. It is based on an improved continued‐fraction solution of the dynamic stiffness matrix of an unbounded medium. The coefficient matrices of the continued‐fraction expansion are determined recursively from the scaled boundary finite element equation in dynamic stiffness. They are normalised using a matrix‐valued scaling factor, which is chosen such that the robustness of the numerical procedure is improved. The resulting continued‐fraction solution is suitable for systems with many DOFs. It converges over the whole frequency range with increasing order of expansion and leads to numerically more robust formulations in the frequency domain and time domain for arbitrarily high orders of approximation and large‐scale systems. Introducing auxiliary variables, the continued‐fraction solution is expressed as a system of linear equations in iω in the frequency domain. In the time domain, this corresponds to an equation of motion with symmetric, banded and frequency‐independent coefficient matrices. It can be coupled seamlessly with finite elements. Standard procedures in structural dynamics are directly applicable in the frequency and time domains. Analytical and numerical examples demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method to an existing approach and its suitability for time‐domain simulations of large‐scale systems. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Non‐reflecting artificial boundaries for transient scalar wave propagation in a two‐dimensional infinite homogeneous layer

This paper presents an exact non‐reflecting boundary condition for dealing with transient scalar wave propagation problems in a two‐dimensional infinite homogeneous layer. In order to model the complicated geometry and material properties in the near field, two vertical artificial boundaries are considered in the infinite layer so as to truncate the infinite domain into a finite domain. This treatment requires the appropriate boundary conditions, which are often referred to as the artificial boundary conditions, to be applied on the truncated boundaries. Since the infinite extension direction is different for these two truncated vertical boundaries, namely one extends toward x →∞ and another extends toward x→‐ ∞, the non‐reflecting boundary condition needs to be derived on these two boundaries. Applying the variable separation method to the wave equation results in a reduction in spatial variables by one. The reduced wave equation, which is a time‐dependent partial differential equation with only one spatial variable, can be further changed into a linear first‐order ordinary differential equation by using both the operator splitting method and the modal radiation function concept simultaneously. As a result, the non‐reflecting artificial boundary condition can be obtained by solving the ordinary differential equation whose stability is ensured. Some numerical examples have demonstrated that the non‐reflecting boundary condition is of high accuracy in dealing with scalar wave propagation problems in infinite and semi‐infinite media. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Boundary element analysis of 3-D magnetostatic problems usingscalar potentials

A boundary element formulation for 3-D nonlinear magnetostatic field problems using the total scalar potential and its normal derivative as unknowns is described. The boundary integral equation is derived from a differential equation for the total scalar potential where a nonlinear operator term can be separated from a linear term. The nonlinear term leads to a volume integral which can be treated as a known forcing function within an iterative solution process. An additional forcing term results from the magnetic excitation coil system. It is shown that the line integral of the magnetic source field which can be defined outside of the current-carrying regions as a gradient of a scalar potential acts as an excitation term. The proposed method is applied to a test problem where an iron cube immersed in the magnetic field of a cylindrical coil is investigated. The numerical results for different saturation stages are compared with finite element method (FEM) calculations. The comparison with FEM calculations shows a good agreement only in highly saturated iron parts     

一种高精度圆柱形人工边界条件:水-柱体相互作用问题

针对水-柱体动力相互作用问题,提出一种用于模拟无限域水体的圆柱形高精度时域人工边界条件。首先,基于三维可压缩水体的波动方程和边界条件,采用分离变量法建立了时空全局的精确人工边界条件;然后,将其动力刚度表示为外域模型和波导模型人工边界条件动力刚度的嵌套形式;之后,应用时间局部化方法得到时间局部的高精度人工边界条件;最后,离散高精度人工边界条件,并将其与近场有限元方程耦合,形成一种能够采用显式时间积分方法求解的时间二阶常微分方程组。数值算例表明:提出的三维圆柱形高精度人工边界条件精确、高效、稳定。     

Explicit time-domain transmitting boundary for dam-reservoir interaction analysis

An explicit time-domain transmitting boundary for the analysis of dam-reservoir interactions is presented. This transmitting boundary is a semi-analytical solution of the governing wave equation of the far field of the reservoir. By using this transmitting boundary, the radiation condition and water compressibility can readily be incorporated in the time-domain analysis of dam-reservoir systems. Therefore, the finite element method can be used to accurately analyse a dam-reservoir system including the semi-infinite reservoir while maintaining its efficiency in time-domain analysis. Numerical results have excellent agreement with the available analytical solution. Results also show that the proposed explicit transmitting boundary is more efficient computationally than the implicit transmitting boundary presented by Tsai and Lee.     

Accurate H-shaped absorbing boundary condition in frequency domain for scalar wave propagation in layered half-space

An accurate absorbing boundary condition (ABC) is developed in frequency domain for finite element analysis of scalar wave propagation in unbounded layered half-space. The proposed ABC is H-shaped line that consists of two parts: a new ABC at horizontal bottom boundary of finite domain to replace semiinfinite strip below horizontal boundary and between two vertical boundaries, and a general consistent ABC at vertical lateral boundary to replace semiinfinite layered half-space outside vertical boundary. The key point for constructing the ABC is that a new continued fraction (CF) is presented to expand dynamic stiffness of underlying half-space, and the CF-based stress-displacement relationship is then transformed into an auxiliary variable system with square of horizontal wavenumber. The ABC has only one undetermined real parameter that is the CF-order independent of frequency and incidence angle of propagating outgoing waves. The parameter can be chosen relatively small value to achieve an accurate ABC. Moreover, the ABC can couple seamlessly with finite element method of finite domain. The finite domain can be chosen very small size due to high accuracy of the ABC. Numerical examples are finally given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the ABC.