用统计方法和Hough变换进行GPR目标检测与定位

本文所提出的GPR目标检测方法包含两个步骤.首先基于对GPR一维回波(A-Scan)统计特性的研究,应用加窗统计法从海量数据中实现快速高效的目标检测和感兴趣区域的提取;进而根据GPR二维回波图像(B-Scan)中目标回波的双曲线特征,对经过图像分割的ROI区域采用改进的Hough变换检测目标双曲线,去除虚假目标并实现目标的精确定位.对实测数据检测结果表明:此法水平和纵深向定位误差均小于1cm,输入数据信杂比可低至2dB左右.     

基于多普勒扩展补偿的FDA-MIMO雷达运动目标检测

频控阵-多输入多输出(FDA-MIMO)雷达在检测运动目标时,由于发射阵元间的频率偏移与目标的速度耦合,因此在慢时间维出现严重的多普勒扩展,进一步造成各接收通道的信号能量无法相干累积,极大降低了系统的检测性能。针对此问题,该文提出一种基于多普勒扩展补偿的FDA-MIMO雷达运动目标检测算法。首先建立了FDA-MIMO雷达运动目标的回波模型,分析了频偏带来的多普勒扩展问题;然后在给出最大似然接收机模型的基础上,提出一种基于插值滤波的重采样算法来补偿FDA-MIMO雷达在检测运动目标时引起的多普勒扩展。仿真结果表明：该文所提算法在抑制多普勒扩展的同时,能够补偿子目标回波在距离维的跨单元走动,实现信号能量的相参累积。     

基于重排频谱时频脊的海面小目标检测

针对由于传统W-H算法计算量大,检测效率不高,海面小目标检测难度较大的问题,提出了基于重排频谱时频脊的小目标检测新算法.通过研究实测数据的时频谱能量分布特点,对比了在不同极化条件下,传统算法与新算法对多组实测数据的分析结果,研究了Hough参数域内的尖峰特性,对小目标实现了有效检测,验证了算法的可行性.最终得出结论:新...     

基于深度学习的探地雷达二维剖面图像结构特征检测方法

该文针对探地雷达(GPR) 2维剖面图像中目标特征提取困难及其识别精度较低等问题,采用深度学习方法来提取2维剖面图像中目标的特征双曲线。根据GPR工作的物理机制,设计了一种级联结构的卷积神经网络(CNN),先检测并去除回波数据中的直达波干扰信号,再利用CNN得到B扫描(B-SCAN)图像的特征图,并对特征信号进行分类识别以提取目标的特征双曲线。同时,为处理各种干扰信号影响目标特征双曲线结构完整性的问题,提出了一种基于方向引导的特征数据补全方法,提高了目标特征双曲线识别的准确率。与方向梯度直方图(HOG)算法、单级式目标检测(YOLOV3)算法和更快速的区域卷积神经网络(Faster RCNN)算法相比,在综合评价指标F上该文方法的检测结果是最优的。     

基于图连通密度的海面漂浮小目标检测

海面漂浮小目标由于其能量弱,一直是海面目标检测的重难点.传统基于统计模型的漂浮小目标检测算法借助回波能量进行检测,没有利用数据频域幅度间的关联性,导致检测性能受损.该文借助图的处理方式,首先利用回波数据脉冲间频域幅度的关联性计算连通密度,生成邻接矩阵,接着将邻接矩阵转换为拉普拉斯矩阵,提取拉普拉斯矩阵的最大特征值作为检测特征,提出了一种基于图的连通密度的海面漂浮小目标检测算法.通过对实测的全相参的X波段(IPIX)雷达数据进行连通密度的分析,发现海杂波构成的图比较稠密,而海面漂浮小目标构成的图比较稀疏,故通过连通密度构成的图可以有效地检测海杂波中的漂浮小目标.进一步地,通过与对比算法实验分析发现,该文所提基于图的连通密度的检测算法检测性能明显优越.     

基于混合域的SAR回波快速算法

该文提出了一种基于混合域的SAR回波快速算法。该算法利用空变的系统传递函数参与计算,沿距离时域积分计算回波信号2维频谱,从而实现了回波信号的精确仿真。复杂度和性能分析表明,该算法不仅能够在保证较高相位精度情况下有效提高回波仿真速度,而且在2维时域内易于添加运动误差模型。最后针对点阵和面目标进行了仿真,验证了算法的有效性。     

一种低秩张量约束的下视稀疏线阵SAR三维成像算法

为了解决3维稀疏数据处理中向量化或矩阵化带来的原始空间结构破坏与计算复杂度高的问题,该文针对下视稀疏线阵3维SAR成像几何模型和回波信号特点,构建了张量空间信号模型,提出了一种基于低秩张量补全的3维SAR稀疏成像算法.该算法首先利用回波张量的低秩性,通过张量补全重构稀疏回波中的丢失元素,再对补全后的全采样信号张量进行3维成像,从而获得高效率、低旁瓣、高分辨率3维图像.基于X波段下视稀疏线阵3维SAR点目标回波进行了3维成像仿真实验,比较了在不同信噪比和采样率条件下的成像性能,并基于实测数据进一步验证了该算法的有效性和优势.     

步进调频宽带雷达距离扩展目标频域检测算法

论文研究高斯杂波背景下步进调频宽带雷达的距离扩展目标检测问题。根据步进调频宽带雷达目标高分辨距离像的特点,提出一种基于回波功率谱的距离扩展目标频域检测算法。该算法无需对目标抽取形成1维距离像,直接利用目标高分辨距离像功率谱与杂波功率谱的差异,在频域实现了距离扩展目标回波能量的积累。推导了算法的检验统计量,给出了虚警概率的表达式。最后通过Monte-Carlo仿真验证了算法的检测性能。仿真结果表明该文的目标检测算法较目标抽取后的检测算法在检测性能上有明显提高,同时其检测性能也优于同条件下基于视频积累的距离扩展目标检测算法,并且具有良好的鲁棒性和工程可实现性。     

基于Hough变换的伪码调相信号检测算法

由于伪码调相信号目标多普勒频率的连续展宽特性,在进行弹道测量时,回波目标在时频图中以“直线”形式出现,传统的基于点检测的恒虚警检测算法会产生大量的虚警。鉴于此,根据伪码调相信号目标多普勒频谱特性,提出了一种基于Hough变换直线检测的目标检测方法。该方法在传统的Hough变换基础上进行了优化,根据回波目标的“直线”特性实现目标检测。将两种算法同时对实测数据进行处理,对比结果表明,基于Hough变换的目标检测算法能够准确地分辨目标并提取目标信息。     

基于三阶多项式傅里叶变换的SAR地面加速运动目标参数估计与成像

该文主要针对加速运动目标的参数估计及成像问题,推导了加速度目标的SAR回波频谱,分析了回波相位三次项估计和补偿对运动参数估计和SAR成像的必要性。提出一种利用Hough变换估计距离走动率和径向速度、相位补偿法校正距离徙动效应,并基于三阶多项式傅里叶变换(LPFT)对三次相位估计的新方法。利用Hough变换,在不明显增加计算量的前提下,达到加速运动目标的运动参数精确估计和精确聚焦成像的目的。最后通过仿真数据验证了该算法的有效性。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks