一种新的支持多业务的CDMA网络可升降级动态带宽分配与优化策略

未来无线通信网络的主要发展方向是支持多种业务.在3GPP对UMTS的规范中,将业务按其属性对服务质量(Quality of Service,QoS)要求的不同分为4类:会话类、流媒体类、交互类和背景类,除话音业务外其余3种业务都是可变比特速率业务.对该网络用户资源分配(主要是带宽的分配)若采用传统的固定分配方法,必定陷入资源利用率低下和用户QoS得不到保障的两难境地.本文针对宽带CDMA网络,提出了一种针对无线多媒体业务的动态带宽分配与优化策略,在保证用户QoS的前提下,尽可能提高资源利用率.仿真结果表明,对比传统的网络资源管理策略,该策略大大改善了系统的性能,提高了系统资源利用率.     

OFDMA系统中基于多目标优化的无线资源分配算法

本文提出了OFDMA系统中基于多目标优化的无线资源分配算法.针对不同业务的QoS要求,建立多目标优化模型,并提出一种多业务分级分配算法通过确定优先级、引入合适的参数获得次优解.仿真结果表明,该算法不但能够保证不同业务的QoS要求,而且能够兼顾相同业务的用户之间的公平性.     

WFQ流量调度算法研究

高速包交换电路常常需要为各种不同要求的服务公平地分配带宽,在公平分配带宽的同时还需要满足这些服务的服务质量(QoS)参数.不同QoS需求的业务将被复用到同一条输出链路上,要为它们公平地分配带宽就需要用到各种各样的流量调度算法.加权公平队列(WFQ)是一种常用的流量调度算法.它不仅能保证带宽分配的公平性,而且具有较好的时延性能.文章较为详细地讨论了WFQ算法的基本原理.     

下行多业务OFDMA系统中基于有效容量的资源分配算法研究

该文对多业务OFDMA系统的下行链路资源分配进行了研究,侧重考虑了实时业务用户的QoS要求,建立2维马尔可夫无线信道模型,采用自适应调制技术、有效容量理论以及有效带宽理论,为实时用户分配资源;并实现了非实时业务用户、尽力而为业务用户的资源分配。仿真结果表明,所提算法保证了下行OFDMA系统吞吐量的同时,在实时业务的延时和丢包率等方面都有一定的优越性。     

WiMAX实时业务数据下行调度算法的仿真与改进

WiMAX是下一代无线城域网(WMAN)技术,支持实时与非实时等多种业务,由IEEE 802.16协议定义.协议定义了多种QoS调度类型,但并没有定义具体的带宽调度策略,而WiMAX的下行相对于上行来说是更容易造成传输瓶颈.文章提出一种针对实时业务流的优化方案,BS进行下行调度时对实时业务集中调度,根据网络状况对分组进行动态丢弃,大大减少了在网络拥挤情况下的带宽使用和分组延迟,优化了抖动,保证了更好的QoS.文中以VoIP业务为例对NS2进行仿真.仿真结果表明,通过对下行分组队列算法的合理优化,能更好地改善系统性能、提高吞吐量、减少时延和减少缓冲区需求.     

基于星上多波束天线的卫星功率带宽联合优化新算法

目前已有的卫星功率优化分配策略未考虑功率与带宽的耦合关系。为了进一步提高星上资源的利用率,在考虑各点波束业务需求差异及共信道干扰的基础上,通过构建卫星系统模型,提出一种将卫星功率和带宽联合优化分配的算法。该算法基于系统公平性建立优化目标函数,并采用迭代方法求解资源优化的最优解。与传统固定分配方式相比,这种耦合的资源分配方式可根据当前业务需求和信道条件对星上功率和带宽资源进行实时再分配,提高了系统容量,系统业务匹配率提高10%,具有较高的星上资源利用率。     

一种基于无线多媒体业务的可升降级QoS动态带宽分配与优化策略

无线多媒体网络中的业务包括话音、流媒体、交互类和背景类业务4种,除话音业务外其余3种业务都是可变比特速率业务。对该网络用户资源分配(主要是带宽的分配)若采用传统的固定分配方法,必定陷入资源利用率低下和用户QoS得不到保障的两难境地。该文提出了一种基于无线多媒体业务的动态带宽分配与优化策略,在保证用户QoS的前提下,尽可能提高资源利用率。该文分别从网络和用户两个角度考虑,通过系统容量、业务阻塞率、数据延迟、流媒体的实际传输比和VBR业务综合服务等级等参数,对可升降级QoS无线多媒体网络进行了仿真分析,结果表明,对比传统的网络资源管理策略,该策略大大改善了系统的性能,提高了系统资源利用率。     

基于区分业务的OFDM跨层动态资源分配算法

跨层设计是目前比较流行的、有效的无线系统设计方法.本文针对多业务(实时业务和非实时业务)正交频分复用(OFDM)系统,提出了一种跨层结构的动态资源分配算法.该算法不仅在物理层上考虑信道状态信息和功率限制条件,而且在MAC层上针对不同类型业务采取不同的调度策略:(1)对于高优先级的实时业务,采用最大化容量的OFDMA策略,在频域上最大限度地利用多用户分集提高频谱效率,在时域上通过时隙的分配来保证时延边界;(2)对于低优先级的非实时业务,在频域上采用基于比例公平的OFDMA策略,在时域上尽力而为地分配时隙.仿真结果表明,与传统的单层资源分配算法相比,所提算法能够在保证不同业务服务质量(QoS)的前提下,大幅度地提高系统性能.     

基于业务认知的多用户带宽分配方法

无线局域网的MAC协议难以兼顾多用户差别的业务需求和网络吞吐量的有效性。建立具有超帧结构的带宽分配模型和具有惩罚函数的优化目标,计算满足单用户QoS需求的最小带宽,进而提出基于业务认知的多用户带宽分配算法(TCBAA)。该算法优先满足用户QoS要求,其次最大化系统的吞吐量。理论和仿真实验显示:相比于固定分配机制和最大吞吐量分配机制,TCBAA能够在有限带宽下满足更多用户的QoS需求。     

正交频分多址系统中一种面向多业务应用的自适应资源分配算法

针对正交频分多址(OFDMA)系统下行链路多业务自适应调度的问题,该文首先以最大化系统吞吐量为优化目标、每种业务的服务质量(QoS)保证为约束条件,建立了一种通用的多业务自适应资源分配模型。为解决此优化问题,提出了一种具体的自适应资源调度算法。该算法对实时业务按照用户选择最好的信道的原则分配尽可能少的资源以保证其QoS,对非实时业务把尽可能多的剩余资源按照信道选择最好的用户的原则进行分配,充分利用信道资源,提升系统容量。仿真结果表明,该算法保证了下行OFDMA系统吞吐量的同时,在实时业务的延时和丢包率等方面有一定的优越性。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.