纳米金属耐腐蚀性能研究进展

介绍了国内外在纳米金属的耐腐蚀性能方面的研究现状,讨论了纳米化对金属耐腐蚀性能的不同影响,分析了影响纳米金属腐蚀行为的因素,并对纳米金属产生不同耐腐蚀性能的原因进行了总结.     

Pitting growth rate on Alloy 800 in chloride solutions containing thiosulphate: image analysis assessment

The growth rate of pits formed on Alloy 800 in chloride solutions containing various thiosulphate concentrations was assessed by potentiostatic polarisation, in situ corrosion image observation, and image analysis. The pitting growth rate was a function of solution chemistry: in chloride solution pits were small but numerous, in chloride?+?thiosulphate solution, the pits were large. Competitive adsorption on Alloy 800 of chloride and thiosulphate ions affected the pitting potential and therefore the pitting growth rate on the metal. The reduction of thiosulphate to elemental sulphur accelerated the pitting growth rate in chloride?+?thiosulphate solutions.     

Ti35合金在含氟离子硝酸中电化学腐蚀行为

Ti35合金具有优良的耐腐蚀性能,可在沸腾状态下高浓度的氧化性酸介质中进行长期工作,是商业后处理较为理想的候选材料。本文采用电化学测试系统测试了Ti35合金在含有不同氟离子浓度的6M硝酸溶液中的开路电位(OCP)、极化曲线、电化学阻抗谱(EIS),探讨了氟离子对Ti35合金耐蚀性能的影响。结果表明：随着氟离子浓度的增加,合金耐蚀性下降,但总体而言合金仍具有良好的耐蚀性。影响合金耐蚀性转变的氟离子浓度临界值约为50ppm,进一步应用混合电位理论,解释合金耐蚀性转变的原因。     

金属材料在含氯化物水基环境中的耐腐蚀性能

腐蚀,特别是海洋环境中发生的点蚀,导致材料服役寿命锐减并造成巨大的经济损失甚至环境破坏和灾难事故.在过去的十年中,针对材料在含氯化物水基环境的腐蚀行为开展了大量的研究工作.在此,综述从金属整体材料到包括有机涂层、金属及其合金或化合物涂层在内的表面处理的失效机理以及提高材料耐腐蚀性能和耐腐蚀?磨损性能的最新研究进展.其中...     

Investigation on Pitting Corrosion of Nickel-Free and Manganese-Alloyed High-Nitrogen Stainless Steels

Pitting corrosion behavior of three kinds of nickel-free and manganese-alloyed high-nitrogen (N) stainless steels (HNSSs) was investigated using electrochemical and immersion testing methods. Type 316L stainless steel (316L SS) was also included for comparison purpose. Both solution-annealed and sensitization-treated steels were examined. The solution-annealed HNSSs showed much better resistance to pitting corrosion than the 316L SS in both neutral and acidic sodium chloride solutions. The addition of molybdenum (Mo) had no further improvement on the pitting corrosion resistance of the solution-annealed HNSSs. The sensitization treatment resulted in significant degradation of the pitting corrosion resistance of the HNSSs, but not for the 316L SS. Typical large size of corrosion pits was observed on the surface of solution-annealed 316L SS, while small and dispersed corrosion pits on the surfaces of solution-annealed HNSSs. The sensitization-treated HNSSs suffered very severe pitting corrosion, accompanying the intergranular attack. The addition of Mo significantly improved the resistance of the sensitization-treated HNSSs to pitting corrosion, particularly in acidic solution. The good resistance of the solution-annealed HNSSs to pitting corrosion could be attributed to the passive film contributed by N, Cr, and Mo. The sensitization treatment degraded the passive film by decreasing anti-corrosion elements and Cr-bearing oxides in the passive film.     

42CrMo钢在氯离子溶液中的腐蚀行为研究

目的通过研究42CrMo钻具用钢在常温下不同Cl~-浓度溶液中的腐蚀行为,为其腐蚀速率的预测奠定一定基础。方法采用浸泡实验、电化学测试技术研究42CrMo在不同浓度NaCl溶液中的平均腐蚀速率和电化学特性,并结合SEM扫描电镜对浸泡58 h后的挂片试样进行分析。结果浸泡实验分析表明,当Cl~-达到60 g/L时,42CrMo钢的腐蚀速率达到最大值,为0.124 g/(m~2·h);当Cl~-浓度继续增大时,腐蚀速率随Cl~-浓度的增加而逐渐减小。开路电位Eocp分析表明,随着Cl~-浓度的增加,Eocp总体呈现下降趋势,显示出较大的腐蚀倾向性。极化曲线分析表明,阴极极化曲线的斜率明显比阳极大,并且自腐蚀电流密度在60 g/L Cl~-溶液中达到最大值,为5.952 35μA/cm~2。腐蚀形貌研究表明,42CrMo浸泡58 h后,表面的腐蚀产物分布并不均匀,均发生了局部点蚀现象。结论随着Cl~-浓度的不断增大,42CrMo钢的平均腐蚀速率呈现先增大后减小的趋势,且在Cl~-为60 g/L时,平均腐蚀速率最大。42CrMo钢在静态常温下高Cl~-浓度溶液中以局部点蚀为主,其电化学腐蚀过程主要受阴极去氧极化的控制。     

含稀土HSn70-1锡黄铜的腐蚀行为研究

通过对Cu-Zn-Sn-Al-Ni-B-Mn-Sb-0.05RE和Cu-Zn-Sn-Al-Ni-B-Mn-Sb-0.1RE锡黄铜分别在NaCl(3.5%)溶液和NaCl(3.5%) NH4Cl(0.5mol/L)溶液中的腐蚀速率测定、腐蚀产物层SEM观察和XRD分析以及X射线能谱分析,研究了含稀土锡黄铜的腐蚀行为.结果表明:含稀土的锡黄铜在NaCl(3.5%)溶液中腐蚀后,腐蚀产物层薄而均匀,与基体之间的结合较好.稀土、硼等元素的添加可以明显改善锡黄铜耐Cl-腐蚀性能;在NaCl(3.5%) NH4Cl(0.5mol/L)溶液中发生了明显的沿晶腐蚀.同时,随稀土含量的增加,锡黄铜在含NH4 的人工海水介质中的耐腐蚀性能有所提高.     

镀锡薄钢板在NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为(英文)

应用电化学阻抗谱技术研究镀锡薄钢板在0.5mol/LNaCl溶液中的腐蚀过程,结合SEM、SPM、XRD、XPS技术表征腐蚀产物的形貌和腐蚀产物的结构。结果表明:腐蚀过程中镀锡层的电阻Rc值基本不变而电荷转移电阻Rct值下降了2个数量级,表明镀锡层基本没有发生腐蚀而基底金属碳钢则不断遭到腐蚀。镀锡薄钢板在0.5mol/LNaCl溶液中的腐蚀类型主要是对镀锡层缺陷处暴露的基底金属碳钢的腐蚀,其腐蚀产物主要是γ-FeOOH。     

Corrosion behaviour of stainless steel exposed to highly concentrated chloride solutions

The characteristics of pitting corrosion of Type 304L stainless steel (SS) exposed to highly concentrated chloride solutions were studied through the evaluation of the corrosion potential, the pitting potential, the structure of the passive layer and the statistics of pitting depth and density. Both as-received and weld metal samples were studied. The weld metal sample was machined from the welding zone of a butt weld of Type 304L SS. The results showed an accelerated anodic dissolution and depressed film resistance at the welding zone, but no dramatic change on pitting corrosion was observed from the statistics of pitting during the test duration up to 720?h. The pitting corrosion resistance was significantly affected by the chloride concentration and slightly affected by the temperature under the investigated conditions.     

316L不锈钢在硫酸盐还原菌和铁氧化菌共同作用下的腐蚀行为

采用微生物分析、电化学测试、扫描电镜观察及表面能谱分析等方法,研究了316L不锈钢在硫酸盐还原菌（Sulfate—Reducing Bacteria,SRB）与铁氧化菌（Iron—Oxidizing Bacteria,IOB）共同作用的溶液中的腐蚀电化学行为,分析了炼油厂冷却水系统中微生物腐蚀的特征及机制。结果表明,不锈钢电极在SRB与IOB相结合的溶液中的自腐蚀电位、点蚀电位和再钝化电位均随浸泡时间的增加而负移,其滞后环增大;在SRB与IOB共同作用的溶液中的腐蚀速率大于在无菌溶液中;显微观察表明生物膜疏松多孔,生物膜内细菌的生长代谢活动促使不锈钢表面的钝化膜层腐蚀破坏程度增加,在SRB与IOB共同作用下316L不锈钢电极发生了严重的点蚀。     

Corrosion behavior of carbon steel in chloride and bicarbonate ion-enriched and CO2-saturated solutions

This article addresses the knowledge gap in the area of the synergistic effect between Cl⁻ and by comprehensively evaluating the corrosion behavior of AISI 1020 carbon steel exposed to the CO₂-saturated solutions containing Cl⁻ and/or over the time period of 6–72 hrs at 60°C. The results show a synergistic mechanism between Cl⁻ and in the pitting corrosion of carbon steel. accelerates the localized precipitation of FeCO₃ crystals by means of increasing pH and adsorption, which is a prerequisite for pitting initiation. Cl⁻ contributes to the catalytic dissolution of the Fe matrix along with film breakdown via the local accumulation of oxygen vacancies, and the pitting corrosion of carbon steel is, thus, further exacerbated.     

Corrosion behavior of CuCrNiAl alloy in HCl solutions

1 Introduction Cu alloy has become a kind of important materials for ocean construction as its excellent anti-corrosion performance. Though this kind of alloy has been applied for a long time, it often undertakes serious corrosion, low strength and leakag…     

Electrochemical corrosion behavior of Cu-40Ni-20Cr alloys with different grain sizes in solutions containing chloride ions

The electrochemical corrosion behavior of the two Cu-40Ni-20Cr alloys prepared by conventional casting（CA） and mechanical alloying（MA） with the different grain sizes was studied by using open-circuit potential（OCP）, potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy（EIS） methods in solutions containing chloride ions. The results show that the free corrosion potentials of the two alloys move towards negative values, corrosion currents increase and therefore corrosion rates become faster with the increase of chloride ion concentrations. EIS plots of CACu-40Ni-20Cr alloy are composed of single capacitive loop, while EIS plots of MACu-40Ni-20Cr alloy are composed of double capacitive loops in solution containing lower chloride ion concentrations. EIS plots of the two alloys have Warburg impedance with the increase of chloride ion concentrations. Corrosion rates of MACu-40Ni-20Cr alloy become faster than those of CACu-40Ni-20Cr alloy obviously in solutions containing the same chloride ion concentrations because MACu-40Ni-20Cr alloy is able to produce large concentrations of grain boundaries in the course of reduction in grain size by mechanical alloying.     

不同热处理态2024铝合金的腐蚀行为

分别在3.5%NaCl溶液、3.5%NaCl＋1.0%H2O2溶液和pH=12的3.5%NaCl溶液中进行动电位极化实验,研究2024 Al-Cu-Mg合金在不同热处理状态下的腐蚀行为。极化曲线表明,随着合金时效时间的延长,合金的腐蚀电位向负方向移动;向NaCl溶液中添加H2O2会使腐蚀电位正移;在pH=12的3.5%NaCl溶液中的极化曲线表现出明显的钝化现象。腐蚀试样表面表现为常见的腐蚀特征,但也有扩大的点蚀、晶间腐蚀现象出现。循环动电位极化曲线显示有宽的循环极化滞后环,不同的腐蚀模式表明合金的点蚀生长对合金的热处理状态敏感。通过显微组织分析,探讨了不同热处理状态下合金在不同NaCl溶液中的腐蚀机理。     

The stability of passive film growth on copper in anaerobic sulphide solutions

The corrosion behaviour of oxygen-free copper in anoxic 0.1?M NaCl?+?2?×?10^?4?M Na₂S·9H₂O solution (pH?=?9.0) was investigated under potentiostatic polarisation for different times. Electrochemical methods, including electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, Mott–Schottky analysis, localised electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (LEIS) and scanning electron microscopy observations, were conducted. The results indicated that the corrosion resistance of oxygen-free copper decreased with increasing applied potential, whereas it increased with increasing polarisation time. The passive film growth kinetics obeyed a logarithmic law (lnD?=?alnt?+?b, where D is the layer thickness, b is a constant taken as the initial growth rate, t is the polarisation time and a is the time exponent). Subsequent to the formation of a compact and coherent passive film, the thicker the film was, the more difficult for ion to migrate, which further resulted in a slower film growth rate. The passive film displayed p-type semiconductor behaviour and the acceptor density (cation vacancy) was approximately 10²² to 10²³?cm^?3. The LEIS results showed that the passive film achieved relative stability after 24?h of immersion under natural conditions, which was longer than the duration of potentiostatic polarisation (4?h at ?0.6?V_SCE).     

纳米Fe-10Cr涂层电化学腐蚀行为影响研究Ⅱ.点蚀性能

利用动电位极化曲线、电化学阻抗谱图（EIS）和Mott-Schottky分析等电化学测试手段．探讨了Fe—10Cr纳米涂层在0.05mol／L H2SO4＋0.5mol／LNaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为．研究表明，与铸态合金相比，溅射纳米涂层表面钝化膜的化学稳定性和再钝化性能明显提高；二者的钝化膜均具有p型半导体结构特征．但溅射纳米涂层表面钝化膜的载流子密度和平带电位都比较低，导致钝化膜中金属离子的传输速度较低，纳米橡层表面钝化膜的化学稳定性增强。     

激光熔化沉积AerMet100耐蚀超高强度钢的耐蚀性

采用动电位极化曲线、交流阻抗谱方法研究了激光熔化沉积AerMet100耐蚀超高强度钢在质量分数为3.5%NaCl溶液中的腐蚀电化学行为,采用点蚀失重法研究了热处理对其在酸性FeCl3溶液中点蚀行为的影响。结果表明:激光沉积态AerMet100钢具有较强定向生长特征的细小快速凝固树枝晶组织和优良的耐蚀性,但由于在枝晶尺寸范围的凝固偏析,耐蚀性略低于锻件且纵向电化学耐蚀性能低于横向;经热处理之后,耐蚀性明显改善,耐蚀性能优于锻件且横向电化学耐蚀性略低于纵向。激光沉积态由于耐蚀性元素Cr、Mo、Ni在枝晶间的偏析使得枝晶内组织易发生选择性点蚀,层间热影响区二次枝晶形貌的部分消除使得该区与周围区域形成"区域腐蚀电池"进一步加速了点蚀的发展,抗点蚀性较差,热处理后,其点蚀失重速率降低且与锻件相当。     

Corrosion behavior of 2205 stainless steel in simulated flue gas condensate with different chloride concentrations in a waste incineration power plant

The effect of Cl⁻ on the initial corrosion behavior of 2205 duplex stainless steel (2205 DSS) in simulated flue gas condensate from a waste incineration power plant was investigated using Mott–Schottky plot, micro-area electrochemical methods, and microscopic surface morphology observation. The results show that at 150°C, the carrier concentration of the 2205 DSS passive film was maintained at a small value and changed little when the Cl⁻ concentration is less than 25 g/L, indicating that it has good pitting resistance. When the Cl⁻ concentration reaches 30 g/L and above, the carrier concentration of the passive film increases remarkably, and pitting corrosion appears on the 2205 DSS surface. At 180°C, there is no obvious pitting on the surface when the Cl⁻ concentration is not more than 15 g/L. When the Cl⁻ concentration is 20 g/L or above, the carrier concentration of the passive film significantly increases, and pitting corrosion appears on the surface. When the Cl⁻ concentration reaches 30 g/L, the carrier concentration of the passive film increases sharply. The passive film on a 2205 DSS surface is seriously damaged and accompanied by the occurrence of uniform corrosion.     

含有金属黏结相的热喷涂WC涂层在盐雾中的腐蚀行为

研究黏结相化学成分对涂层材料的耐盐雾腐蚀性能的影响,对采用超音速火焰喷涂制得的WC?17Co和WC?10Co?4Cr涂层进行电化学试验和长时间的盐雾腐蚀实验(浓度为5%的NaCl溶液,温度35°C)。结果表明：WC?10Co?4Cr涂层的耐盐雾腐蚀性能优于WC?17Co涂层。对于WC?17Co涂层,主要腐蚀行为除了粘结金属的腐蚀外还包括WC颗粒与粘结相金属之间发生的微点偶腐蚀;对于WC?10Co?4Cr涂层,形成的氧化物有利于抑制金属相与粘结相的腐蚀。说明金属材料成分是影响超音速火焰喷涂WC基涂层耐盐雾腐蚀性能的重要因素之一。     

钢在流动人造海水中的冲刷腐蚀行为与防护研究

目的 研究钢在流动人造海水中的冲刷腐蚀行为及防护方法.方法 采用自制的冲刷试验平台,利用扫描电镜、电化学阻抗、电化学噪声、最大熵值变换等方法,分析钢在流动人造海水中各阶段的冲刷腐蚀行为特征,验证材料表面涂覆新型环氧涂层的方法对提高钢耐流动人造海水冲刷腐蚀的有效性.结果 钢在2 m/s流动人造海水中30 d的冲刷腐蚀行为特征可以分为三个阶段,第一阶段,金属开始发生点蚀,生成网状腐蚀产物,反应电阻上升后持续减小至400?,电化学噪声电位发生负移,SE值较大,电化学腐蚀速率增强;第二阶段,点蚀速率减弱,开始出现颗粒状腐蚀产物,反应电阻相对稳定在300? 左右,电化学噪声电位发生正移,SE值数值较小,电化学腐蚀速率保持相对稳定;第三阶段,外层腐蚀产物剥离,反应电阻和SE值发生较大的波动,冲刷作用导致了腐蚀产物的快速形成和脱离.涂覆绝缘涂层的钢试样总电阻稳定在6.0×105?左右,高出无涂层裸露试样总电阻(1.0×103?)2个数量级.结论 钢在2 m/s流动人造海水中30 d的冲刷腐蚀行为特征可以分为加速腐蚀-动态平衡-平衡破坏三个阶段,新型环氧涂层具有较好的耐冲刷腐蚀性能.