Optimisation of red pepper seed oil extraction using supercritical CO2 and analysis of the composition by reversed‐phase HPLC‐FLD‐MS/MS

Oil extractions from red pepper seed were performed by supercritical CO₂. Three‐level Box–Behnken factorial design (BBD) from response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to optimise the main extraction conditions including pressure, temperature and concentration of modifier (ethanol). The optimum conditions were as follows: extraction pressure, 27.17 MPa; extraction temperature, 47.67 °C; and the added concentration of modifier, 8.11 vol.%. Under the optimum conditions, the oil yield of 18.4% was obtained, which was well matched with the predicted yield. A simple, stable and sensitive method for the simultaneous determination of saturated and unsaturated free fatty acids in extracted oils using 2‐(11H‐benzo[a]carbazol‐11‐yl)‐ethyl‐4‐methylbenzenesulfonate (BCETS) as labelling reagent with fluorescence detection has been developed. All of free fatty acids (FFA) were found to give a linear response with correlation coefficients of >0.9991. The detection limits at a signal‐to‐noise ratio (S/N) of three are in the range of 19.06–41.19 fmol. This method should have powerful potential for the trace analysis of short‐ and long‐chain FFA from edible oils, foodstuff and other complex samples.     

Microwave‐assisted extraction and antioxidant activity of star anise oil from Illicium verum Hook.f

In this study, microwave‐assisted extraction with ethanol (MAEE) of star anise oil from Illicium verum Hook.f. has been optimised by response surface methodology (RSM). A maximum yield of star anise oil was obtained at an optimum condition: the ratio of solvent to sample 17 mL g^?1, extraction time 16 min and microwave power 505 W. Accordingly, the highest yield of star anise oil was about 24.98%, which was much higher than that of steam distillation (SD), 7.17%. Oxygenated organic compounds in representative of trans‐anethole are a major component in star anise oil, nearly 94.21% for SD and 86.66% for MAEE, identified and determined by GC‐MS. The oils extracted by SD and MAEE both have strong antioxidant activities that were demonstrated by the DPPH and ABTS assays.     

薏苡仁油的超临界CO2萃取工艺及其脂肪酸组成分析

以云南师宗县高良地区薏苡仁为研究对象,通过薏苡仁的前处理和超临界CO_2萃取技术,以萃取时间、萃取温度、萃取压力为因素,设计L_9(3~4)正交实验优化超临界CO_2萃取薏苡仁油的工艺条件。并采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对薏苡仁油进行脂肪酸组成分析。结果表明:薏苡仁油最佳萃取工艺条件为萃取温度45℃、萃取压力25 MPa、萃取时间4 h,在最佳工艺条件下薏苡仁出油率为7.704%;薏苡仁油主要脂肪酸组成为棕榈酸14.11%、亚油酸30.38%、油酸53.49%、硬脂酸1.89%,不饱和脂肪酸占83.87%。     

超临界流体制取火麻籽油的工艺研究

火麻籽油是一种天然优质的养生保健油。为得到品质更好、得率更高的火麻籽油,对火麻籽油进行超临界流体萃取,通过正交试验探讨温度、压力、时间对火麻籽油出油效率的影响,并观察试验所得油脂颜色的变化。综合考虑压力对出油效率和出油品质的影响,得到超临界流体萃取火麻籽油的最优工艺条件为温度45℃、压力30 MPa、时间2 h,此条件下的出油效率88.43%,所得油脂的色泽为黄35红2.0,其中压力对所得油脂的颜色影响最为显著。超临界流体萃取火麻籽油的不饱和脂肪酸质量分数高达90.65%,其中亚油酸和亚麻酸质量分数别高达55.55%和25.70%,高于其他工艺方法所制取火麻籽油的相应成分含量。     

超临界二氧化碳萃取玫瑰茄籽油的响应面优化

在单因素实验基础上,以萃取温度、萃取压力、萃取时间为影响因素,以萃取率为指标,运用响应面实验设计法对超临界CO2萃取玫瑰茄籽油工艺条件进行优化。结果表明,在萃取温度50℃、萃取压力28MPa、萃取时间110min的条件下,玫瑰茄籽油提取率可达22%以上。     

南瓜籽油超临界CO2流体萃取及其脂肪酸成分分析

通过响应面分析法(RSM)研究了超临界CO2流体萃取南瓜籽油的工艺条件,得出南瓜籽油萃取率与影响因素间的回归模型,并根据模型进行工艺参数优化.同时,用气相色谱法对所得南瓜籽油的脂肪酸组成进行分析.结果表明,超临界CO2流体萃取南瓜籽油的最佳工艺参数是:萃取压力为35 MPa,萃取温度为47℃,萃取时间为83 min,在此条件下南瓜籽油的实际萃取率为(46.43.±0.54)%;南瓜籽油主要由不饱和脂肪酸组成,其不饱和脂肪酸质量分数达到74.86%,其中主要的亚油酸和油酸质量分数分别为46.21%和28.22%.     

毛酸浆籽的超临界CO2流体萃取及成分分析

采用超临界CO2流体萃取方法,对黑龙江省产毛酸浆籽进行萃取,以26.69%得油率获得油脂,用气相色谱/质谱联机(GC/MS)对油脂成分进行了分析和解析,共检测和确定5种成分,分别为亚油酸75.52%、油酸12.89%、十六(烷)酸8.54%、十八(烷)酸1.47%和亚油酸乙酯1.58%,还分析了毛酸浆籽的化学成分以及油脂的各项理化指标.     

籽粒苋油的超临界CO2萃取及其色谱分析

应用超临界CO2萃取技术,研究了籽粒苋油的提取工艺.采用三因素三水平正交试验,考察了萃取压力、温度、CO2流量对籽粒苋油萃取率的影响.研究得出最佳萃取条件为:萃取压力35 MPa,萃取温度35℃,CO2流量10 L/h.在最佳萃取条件下,籽粒苋油萃取率达5.96%.利用气相色谱仪分析了籽粒苋油的脂肪酸组成,结果表明,籽粒苋油总不饱和脂肪酸含量高达70%,还含有7.14%的角鲨烯,是一种理想的营养保健食用油.     

Original article: Supercritical CO2 extraction of soybean oil: process optimisation and triacylglycerol composition

Supercritical CO₂ extraction of soybean oil was performed. Response surface methodology was applied to evaluate the effects of pressure, temperature and extraction time on soybean oil yield. The analysis of variance showed that pressure and extraction time followed by the quadratic term of pressure and interaction between pressure and time had the significant effect on the oil yield. The maximum extraction yield (6.59/100 g soybeans) at constant CO₂ flow rate of 1.629 L per min was achieved at 50 °C, 300 bar and 4 h. The experimental values agreed well with those predicted by regression model. One‐stage diffusion model was successfully applied for modelling the kinetics of soybean oil. The main triacylglycerols of soybean oil were trilinolein, dilinoleoolein, dilinoleopalmitin and linoleooleopalmitin. Soybean oil extracted by supercritical CO₂ had higher levels of linoleic and linolenic acids and lower levels of palmitic and stearic acids compared to oil extracted by organic solvent.     

Effect of supercritical CO2 extraction process parameters on oil yield and pigment content from by‐product hemp cake

This research gives an insight into the possibility of exploiting the one of the food industry's by‐products – pressed hemp cake. The complete recovery of oil from pressed hemp cake was achieved. Residual oil that remained in cake after pressing was extracted with supercritical CO₂ by applying different process parameters. Optimal extraction conditions were determined using response surface methodology. Total pigment contents of the oils obtained were determined. Extraction pressure had the most significant influence on yield and pigment content of extracted hemp cake oil. Depending on the pressure, the chlorophyll a content ranged from 101.11 to 378.28 mg kg^?1 and chlorophyll b from 65.14 to 189.78 mg kg^?1, while total carotene content was in the range from 33.58 to 132.67 mg kg^?1. The remaining oil in pressed hemp cake after supercritical CO₂ extraction was determined to be 0.56 ± 0.08% and the defatted cake was rich in proteins and fibre.     

黄秋葵籽油的超临界CO2萃取 及其软胶囊制备工艺研究

以黄秋葵籽提油率为响应值,采用响应面法优化黄秋葵籽油超临界CO2萃取工艺;以崩解时限为评价指标,采用正交实验对黄秋葵籽油软胶囊制备工艺进行优化。结果表明：超临界CO2萃取黄秋葵籽油的最佳工艺条件为萃取压力30 MPa、萃取温度60?℃、萃取时间60 min,在此条件下提油率为17.23%;黄秋葵籽油软胶囊最佳制备工艺条件为水与明胶质量比1∶?1、明胶与甘油质量比3∶?1、溶胶温度80?℃、溶胶时间10 h,在此条件下黄秋葵籽油软胶囊的崩解时限为30.3 min,符合《中国药典》中软胶囊崩解时限不大于1 h的要求。     

西兰花籽油超临界CO2萃取工艺及脂肪酸组成分析

以西兰花籽为原料,采用超临界CO_2萃取西兰花籽油。通过单因素实验考察了萃取压力、萃取温度、CO_2流量、萃取时间和粉碎粒度对西兰花籽油出油率的影响。在单因素实验的基础上,采用正交实验优化并确定了超临界CO_2萃取西兰花籽油的最佳工艺,并采用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术分析西兰花籽油的脂肪酸组成。结果表明:超临界CO_2萃取西兰花籽油的最佳工艺条件为粉碎粒度40目、萃取压力30 MPa、萃取温度50℃、萃取时间4 h、CO_2流量7 BV/h。在最佳工艺条件下,西兰花籽出油率为24.03%。西兰花籽油脂肪酸组成主要为芥酸(58.26%)、油酸(23.76%)、亚油酸(8.99%)、棕榈酸(3.56%),其中不饱和脂肪酸含量为92.36%。     

Supercritical CO2 extraction of grape seeds oil: scale-up and economic analysis

This work presents a scale-up and feasibility study for the establishment of supercritical CO₂ extraction plants to produce grape seeds oil. The scale-up factors are determined using experimental and modelling results based on seeds from six grape cultivars over 2 harvest years. The purchased cost of the production plant is estimated using ‘the six-tenth rule’ from the cost of a pilot scale unit. The results indicate that, at the current minimum retail selling price of extra virgin grape seeds oil, the proposed project is technically viable and economically feasible with a breakeven point of US$ 7.46 per kg-oil and rate of return on investment of 28%.     

柠条锦鸡儿籽油超临界CO2流体萃取及成分分析

采用超临界CO2流体萃取技术对柠条锦鸡儿籽油进行萃取,并运用响应面法优化工艺条件.同时采用HPLC - APCI - MS柱前衍生法分析柠条锦鸡儿籽油的组成.结果表明,超临界CO2流体萃取柠条锦鸡儿籽油的最佳工艺条件为萃取压力35 MPa,萃取温度45 ℃,萃取时间70 min,在此条件下柠条锦鸡儿籽油萃取率为6.70％;柠条锦鸡儿籽油主要由不饱和脂肪酸组成,含量为71.84％,其中亚油酸与油酸含量最高,分别为51.79％和17.03％.     

Optimisation of supercritical CO2 extraction of grape seed oil using response surface methodology

The aim of this study was to use waste from the wine production process with special accent on grape seeds and new green technology. Supercritical CO₂ was considered as a green solvent in extraction of grape seed oil. The effects of different extraction process parameters on oil yield and antioxidant activity were investigated. Extraction optimisation was conducted using response surface methodology (RSM). Extraction pressure has proven to be the most significant factor influencing oil yield and antioxidant activity (P < 0.0001). The optimal conditions for obtaining the highest oil yield and antioxidant activity within the experimental range of the variables studied were at extraction pressure of 400 bar and temperature of 41 °C. Under these optimal conditions, the predicted extraction oil yield was 14.49% and DPPH 37.07%. Applying this green extraction method, the oil from grape seeds was totally extracted. The produced oil was of satisfactory quality, and the content of α‐tocopherol in obtained grape seed oil at optimal extraction conditions was 36.05 mg kg^?1.     

唐古特白刺籽油的超临界CO2流体萃取及GC/MS分析

利用超临界CO2萃取唐古特白刺籽油,并对籽油进行了GC/MS分析。实验确定的最佳超临界CO2流体萃取条件是:萃取温度45℃,萃取压力20 MPa,CO2流量为35~40 kg/h,萃取时间120 m in,在此条件下白刺籽油的萃取率为15.11%。利用GC/MS对白刺籽油分析,发现其不饱和脂肪酸的相对含量高达93.37%。比较了超临界CO2萃取白刺籽油油样和石油醚萃取白刺籽油油样的理化性质,发现超临界CO2流体萃取的籽油质量优于传统溶剂萃取的籽油。     

碱蓬籽油的超临界CO2流体萃取及其GC/MS分析

应用超临界CO2萃取技术，研究了碱蓬籽油的提取工艺，采用四因素三水平正交试验，考察了压力，温度，萃取时间、CO2流量四因素对碱蓬籽油萃取率的影响，研究得出最佳萃取条件为：压力25MPa，温度42．5℃，时间3h，CO2流量25kg/h。利用GC／MS分析了碱蓬籽油的组成成分，比较了超临界CO2萃取油样和乙醚萃取油样的理化性质。     

均匀设计优化超临界CO2提取含原花青素的葡萄籽油

以原花青素的提取率和葡萄籽的出油率为考察指标,利用均匀设计法对超临界CO2萃取时间、萃取压力、萃取温度进行了优化,得到最佳工艺条件为:萃取压力15 MPa,萃取时间3 h,萃取温度50 ℃;在最佳条件下葡萄籽出油率为(10.92±0.25)%,原花青素提取率为(23.4±7.2)mg/100 g.在加入无水乙醇夹带剂的前提下,利用超临界CO2萃取葡萄籽油,可以使油中含有原花青素,提高葡萄籽油的品质.     

响应面优化超临界CO2萃取韭菜子油工艺研究

以韭菜子为原料,利用超临界CO2流体萃取韭菜子油,在单因素试验的基础上,采用响应面试验设计方法,研究萃取温度、萃取压力、萃取时间对韭菜子油得率的影响,确定了超临界CO2流体萃取韭菜子油的最佳工艺参数,并利用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)对韭菜子油进行定性定量分析.结果表明:超临界CO2萃取韭菜子油最佳工艺条件为萃取温度5...     

超临界二氧化碳萃取山葡萄籽油的研究

对超临界CO2萃取山葡萄籽油的工艺条件进行了研究,研究了原料粉碎粒度、萃取压力、萃取温度和萃取时间对葡萄籽出油率的影响。结果表明:原料粉碎粒度60目,萃取压力30Mpa,萃取温度35℃,萃取时间160min为最佳工艺条件,在此条件下,出油率可达18.31%。